Straightforward synthesis of beta zeolite encapsulated Pt nanoparticles for the transformation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63720-2

Abstract

Abstract:

Encapsulating noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) within the zeolite framework enhances the stability and accessibility of active sites; however, direct synthesis remains a challenge because of the easy precipitation of noble metal species under strong alkali crystallization conditions. Herein, beta zeolite-encapsulated Pt NPs (Pt@Beta) were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach involving an unusual acid hydrolysis preaging step. The ligand—(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane—and Pt precursor were cohydrolyzed and cocondensed with a silica source in an initially weak acidic environment to prevent colloidal precipitation by enhancing the interaction between the Pt and silica species. Thus, the resultant 0.2%Pt@Beta was highly active in the transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) under atmospheric O₂ conditions by using water as the solvent while stably evincing a high yield (90%) associated with a large turnover number of 176. The excellent catalysis behavior is attributable to the enhanced stability that inhibits Pt leaching and strengthens the intermediates that accelerate the rate-determining step for the oxidation of 5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid into FDCA.

Key words: Hydrothermal synthesis, Zeolite, Noble metal nanoparticles, Heterogeneous catalysis, Biomass conversion

Xiaoling Liu, Lei Chen, Hongzhong Xu, Shi Jiang, Yu Zhou, Jun Wang. Straightforward synthesis of beta zeolite encapsulated Pt nanoparticles for the transformation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(6): 994-1003.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63720-2

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I6/994

Figures/Tables 8

Scheme 1. Schematic diagram for the preparation of Pt@Beta.

Fig. 1. SEM (A), and TEM(B) images of 0.2%Pt@Beta; (C) HAADF-STEM, and corresponding elemental mapping images for Si, Al, O, and Pt elements of 0.2%Pt@Beta.

Fig. 2. (A-C) powder XRD patterns; (D) N2 sorption isotherms (the inset is the pore size dispersion curves); (E) FTIR spectra; (F) Survey scan; (G) Pt 4d XPS spectra.

Table 1 Textual properties.

Sample	S_BET ^a(m² g^-1)	Vp^b (cm³ g^-1)	D_av ^c(nm)	Pt^d (wt%)	Unit cell parameters ^e(Å)
Sample	S_BET ^a(m² g^-1)	Vp^b (cm³ g^-1)	D_av ^c(nm)	Pt^d (wt%)	a	b	c
Beta	511	0.31	2.5	0	12.66	12.65	26.41
0.2%Pt@Beta	497	0.28	2.2	0.20	12.65	12.56	26.69
0.5%Pt@Beta	509	0.27	2.1	0.41	12.69	12.57	26.49
0.2%Pt/Beta	468	0.25	2.1	0.20	12.66	12.66	26.40

Scheme 2. Typical reaction pathways for the oxidation of HMF into FDCA in the presence and absence of the base.

Table 2 Oxidation of HMF to FDCA a.

Entry	Sample	Conversion^b (%)	Yield^c (%)			Selectivity^d (%)	TON ^e
Entry	Sample	Conversion^b (%)	HMFCA	FFCA	FDCA	Selectivity^d (%)	TON ^e
1	0.2%Pt@Beta	>99	0	0	99	99	97
2	Beta	12	5	1	1	8	—
3	0.2%Pt/Beta	96	18	34	37	39	36
4	0.5%Pt@Beta	97	12	36	44	45	43
5	0.2%Pt@Beta-OH^f	86	15	12	50	58	49
6	0.2%Pt/Beta-OH^f	82	12	14	14	17	14
7	Pt/C	>99	0	25	32	32	31

Fig. 3. (A) Kinetic profile and (B) reusability of 0.2%Pt@Beta in the oxidation of HMF into FDCA. Reaction conditions: 0.1 mmol HMF, 100 mg catalyst, Na2CO3/HMF molar ratio = 6, 4 mL water, 90 °C, 24 h for (B) O2 balloon.

Fig. 4. Adsorption amount of HMF, HMFCA, FFCA, and FDCA on 0.2%Pt@Beta (A), 0.2%Pt/Beta (C), 0.5%Pt@Beta (D), and 0.2%Pt@Beta-OH (E). Adsorption conditions: 0.01 mmol adsorbate (Diagonal stripe) or 0.01 mmol adsorbate in the presence of 0.06 mmol Na2CO3 (Blank), 20 mg 0.2%Pt@Beta, 1 mL water, room temperature, 24 h. (B) Zeta potentials of 0.2%Pt@Beta colloidal particles from an emulsion with an aqueous solution of adsorbate (1 mmol L-1) (Blue diamond) or an aqueous solution of adsorbate (1 mmol L-1) in the presence of Na2CO3 (6 mmol L-1) (Black square). (F) The changing trend of the yield with the adsorption amount of FFCA.

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