Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 1596-1605.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60875-0

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Catalyst screening: Refinement of the origin of the volcano curve and its implication in heterogeneous catalysis

Yu Maoa, Jianfu Chena, Haifeng Wanga, P. Hua,b   

  1. a Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis and Centre for Computational Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
    b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
  • Received:2015-04-01 Revised:2015-04-27 Online:2015-08-28 Published:2015-09-26
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21303052, 21333003), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (222201314035), the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality (12ZR1442600), Shanghai Rising-Star Program (14QA1401100) and "Chen Guang" project (13CG24).

Abstract:

Understanding the overall catalytic activity trend for rational catalyst design is one of the core goals in heterogeneous catalysis. In the past two decades, the development of density functional theory (DFT) and surface kinetics make it feasible to theoretically evaluate and predict the catalytic activity variation of catalysts within a descriptor-based framework. Thereinto, the concept of the volcano curve, which reveals the general activity trend, usually constitutes the basic foundation of catalyst screening. However, although it is a widely accepted concept in heterogeneous catalysis, its origin lacks a clear physical picture and definite interpretation. Herein, starting with a brief review of the development of the catalyst screening framework, we use a two-step kinetic model to refine and clarify the origin of the volcano curve with a full analytical analysis by integrating the surface kinetics and the results of first-principles calculations. It is mathematically demonstrated that the volcano curve is an essential property in catalysis, which results from the self-poisoning effect accompanying the catalytic adsorption process. Specifically, when adsorption is strong, it is the rapid decrease of surface free sites rather than the augmentation of energy barriers that inhibits the overall reaction rate and results in the volcano curve. Some interesting points and implications in assisting catalyst screening are also discussed based on the kinetic derivation. Moreover, recent applications of the volcano curve for catalyst design in two important photoelectrocatalytic processes (the hydrogen evolution reaction and dye-sensitized solar cells) are also briefly discussed.

Key words: Volcano curve, Heterogeneous catalysis, Density functional theory, Kinetics, Catalyst screening, Two-step model