催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 89: 326-336.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65153-4

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

静电组装无金属COF/g-C3N4 S型异质结用于高效光催化产过氧化氢

夏伟a,b, 蒋臣臣b, 朱文君c,*(), 张馨文b, 张建军b, 别传彪b,*()   

  1. a茅台学院资源与环境学院,贵州仁怀 564507
    b中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院,太阳燃料实验室,湖北武汉 430078
    c湖北理工学院新材料与绿色化工学院,高分子材料化学助剂湖北省工程研究中心,湖北黄石 435003
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-26 接受日期:2026-02-10 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: wjzhu2000@163.com (朱文君),
    biechuanbiao@cug.edu.cn (别传彪).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(W2512051);国家自然科学基金(U24A2071);国家自然科学基金(22361142704);国家自然科学基金(U23A20102);湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB492);茅台学院酒产业研究院专项课题(MTXYJCY002);2026仁怀市科技计划项目(课题)(RKJH[2026]07);茅台学院科技创新团队建设项目(MTXYTD202503);中国地质大学(武汉)人才岗位科研启动经费(2025097)

Electrostatically assembled metal-free COF/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production

Wei Xiaa,b, Chenchen Jiangb, Wenjun Zhuc,*(), Xinwen Zhangb, Jianjun Zhangb, Chuanbiao Bieb,*()   

  1. aSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering,Moutai Institute,Renhuai 564507, Guizhou, China
    bLaboratory of Solar Fuel,Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
    cSchool of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Chemical Additives of Polymeric Materials, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, Hubei, China
  • Received:2026-01-26 Accepted:2026-02-10 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: E-mail: wjzhu2000@163.com (W. Zhu),biechuanbiao@cug.edu.cn (C. Bie).
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2512051);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2071);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361142704);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20102);Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2025AFB492);Special Project of the Liquor Industry Research Center of Moutai Institute(MTXYJCY002);Renhuai Municipal Science and Technology Program(RKJH[2026]07);Moutai institute of Science and Technology Innovation Team Construction Project(MTXYTD202503);Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)(2025097)

摘要:

过氧化氢(H2O2)是化工生产与日常应用中不可或缺的氧化剂, 其工业蒽醌合成法存在高能耗、操作流程复杂、环境负荷大等固有缺陷, 而太阳能驱动的光催化合成H2O2因兼具可持续性与绿色性, 成为极具潜力的替代方案. 但传统光催化剂多含金属组分, 在光激发和氧化还原循环中易发生光腐蚀与化学溶出, 释放的金属离子会通过芬顿或类芬顿反应加速H2O2的非生产性分解, 还会造成牺牲剂降解、反应选择性下降等问题, 严重制约光催化产H2O2体系的长期效率与稳定性. S型异质结能通过调控能带排列实现电荷高效分离并保留强氧化还原活性载流子, 是提升光催化性能的有效策略, 开发无金属S型异质结光催化剂成为解决上述问题的关键研究方向.

本文采用静电自组装策略构建磺酸功能化共价有机框架(Tp-DSA-COF)与质子化g-C3N4耦合的的无金属S型异质结, 既消除了金属离子溶出带来的不稳定性, 又抑制了H2O2的非生产性分解路径. 实验先通过三聚氰胺热聚合、超声剥离、盐酸质子化制备质子化g-C3N4 (H-GCN); 并经溶剂热缩合反应合成Tp-DSA-COF, 再利用二者表面相反的电荷特性, 静电自组装得到不同H-GCN含量的复合催化剂CGx(其中x为复合材料中质子化g-C3N4的质量百分占比). Zeta电位、X-射线衍射、红外光谱及透射电镜/能力散射谱等表征证实异质结成功构建, 其中优化后的CG60比表面积高于纯g-C3N4与Tp-DSA-COF, 可提供更多活性位点. 通过原位辐照X-射线光电子能谱、开尔文探针力显微镜、飞秒瞬态吸收光谱等先进表征, 直接证实了S型电荷转移机制: 在光照条件下, Tp-DSA-COF导带的光生电子与g-C3N4价带的空穴在界面复合, 保留了g-C3N4导带的强还原性电子与Tp-DSA-COF价带的强氧化性空穴. 光电化学测试表明, CG60的光电流密度显著高于单一组分, 电荷转移电阻最低, 载流子平均寿命延长至6.25 ns, 电荷分离与传输效率大幅提升. 催化性能测试显示, CG60的光催化产H2O2速率达1154 μmol g-1 h-1, 远高于纯Tp-DSA-COF (501 μmol g-1 h-1)与g-C3N4 (805 g-1 h-1), 且四次循环后性能无明显衰减; Box-Lucas模型拟合证实CG60拥有最高的H2O2生成速率常数与最低的分解速率常数. 自由基捕获实验与原位漫反射红外光谱表明, 该催化剂上的H2O2生成通过•O2-介导的两步单电子路径与直接两步双电子氧还原路径协同进行, 并检测到*O2-, *OOH和*HOOH等关键反应中间体.

综上, 本研究成功制备了高性能的无金属COF/g-C3N4 S型异质结光催化剂, 为太阳能驱动的可持续H2O2合成提供了新型高效催化材料, 也为设计高稳定性、高活性的无金属S型异质结光催化剂提供了通用且合理的设计策略, 推动了光催化合成精细化学品领域的发展.

关键词: S型异质结, 过氧化氢, 无金属光催化剂, 共价有机框架, 氮化碳

Abstract:

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis driven by solar energy represents a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, practical efficiency is often compromised by the chemical leaching of metal species in conventional photocatalysts, which accelerates H2O2 decomposition during reaction. Herein, a metal-free S-scheme heterojunction is constructed via electrostatic self-assembly between a sulfonic acid-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) and protonated g-C3N4. The optimized composite exhibits a markedly enhanced H2O2 production rate compared with pristine COF and g-C3N4. In-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provide direct evidence of S-scheme charge-transfer behavior, wherein photogenerated electrons in the COF recombine with holes in g-C3N4, thereby preserving highly reductive electrons in the conduction band of g-C3N4 for efficient oxygen reduction. This work highlights metal-free S-scheme heterojunctions as an effective strategy for designing high-performance photocatalysts toward sustainable H2O2 synthesis.

Key words: S-scheme heterojunction, Hydrogen peroxide, Metal-free photocatalyst, Covalent organic framework, Carbon nitride