催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 88: 9-34.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65112-1
陈翔锋a, 黄丝雨a, 杨煜杭a, 倪嘉浩a, 方诚a, 徐杨帆a,*(
), 匡代彬b,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-11
接受日期:2026-02-06
出版日期:2026-09-18
发布日期:2026-09-05
通讯作者:
*电子信箱: xuyangfan@mail.sysu.edu.cn (徐杨帆),基金资助:
Xiangfeng Chena, Siyu Huanga, Yuhang Yanga, Jiahao Nia, Cheng Fanga, Yang-Fan Xua,*(
), Dai-Bin Kuangb,*(
)
Received:2025-11-11
Accepted:2026-02-06
Online:2026-09-18
Published:2026-09-05
About author:Yang-Fan Xu (School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus) received his Bachelor's degree and Ph.D. degree from Sun Yat-sen University in 2013 and 2018, respectively. He is now an associate professor in School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-sen University. His current research interest focuses on the catalyst design and mechanism study in photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation reactions.Supported by:摘要:
随着全球能源危机和环境恶化问题日益严峻, 太阳能驱动的光催化技术因其绿色、可持续的特性, 在能源转换和环境修复领域展现出广阔前景. 卤素钙钛矿材料凭借其可调带隙、高光吸收系数和长载流子寿命等优异光电性能, 成为光催化研究的热点. 然而, 单一光催化模式受限于太阳能利用率低、载流子复合率高及材料稳定性差等瓶颈, 难以满足实际应用需求. 为解决这些问题, 杂化光催化策略通过将光场与热、电、机械或磁场等多物理场协同耦合, 显著提升了催化效率和系统稳定性.
+本文系统综述了卤素钙钛矿基杂化光催化体系的最新进展, 旨在深入解析多场协同增强机制, 为设计高性能催化系统提供理论依据和设计指南, 推动太阳能转化技术的实用化进程. 首先, 文章阐述了卤化物钙钛矿的晶体结构、光电性质与化学特性, 奠定了多场耦合设计的基础. 随后, 通过典型案例分析, 重点综述了光热催化和光电催化两大典型路径, 以及压电-光催化、磁-光催化等新兴方向, 揭示了多物理场协同在增强光吸收、优化载流子分离、加速反应动力学及提高产物选择性方面的核心机制. 具体而言, 在光热催化方面, 通过构建卤素钙钛矿与光热基元的复合结构或进行本征结构调控, 实现了全光谱吸收与局部热效应协同, 显著降低反应能垒并加速了动力学过程; 在光电催化方面, 系统分析了光伏-电催化(PV-EC)、光伏-光电化学(PV-PEC)和直接光电催化(DPEC)三种构型, 通过能带工程、光学管理(如双光阳极设计、光纤电极)和器件创新(如人工叶片、浮动反应器), 实现了高效电荷分离和表面反应. 此外, 进一步探讨了压电光催化、光磁催化等新兴协同路径: 压电光催化利用机械应力诱导极化电场, 延长载流子寿命; 而光磁催化则通过磁性离子掺杂(如Mn2+, Fe2+)和外磁场调控自旋态, 实现产物选择性调控. 通过整合材料-器件-系统多层次设计, 本文突出了杂化策略在突破单场限制、最大化能量利用方面的创新性. 最后, 简要总结了杂化光催化所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向: (1) 应开发新型卤素钙钛矿材料, 规避材料的环境不稳定性和铅毒性; (2) 现有杂化机制缺乏系统认知, 亟需深化多物理场耦合机制解析; (3) 杂化光催化领域缺乏统一的实验规范与性能指标, 未来需建立测试方面的标准协议和性能量化指标; (4) 需突破规模化多场集成技术, 推动技术从实验室走向水域净化、太阳能燃料合成等实际场景应用.
+综上, 本文旨在为构建稳定、高效的卤化物钙钛矿基杂化光催化体系提供理论指导与设计参考, 推动其在太阳能转化与环境治理等实际应用中的工程化进程.
陈翔锋, 黄丝雨, 杨煜杭, 倪嘉浩, 方诚, 徐杨帆, 匡代彬. 卤素钙钛矿材料在杂化光催化中的研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 88: 9-34.
Xiangfeng Chen, Siyu Huang, Yuhang Yang, Jiahao Ni, Cheng Fang, Yang-Fan Xu, Dai-Bin Kuang. Hybrid photocatalysis with halide perovskite materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 88: 9-34.
| Hybrid catalysis type | Energy form | Core mechanisms and advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Photothermal catalysis | synergy of light and thermal fields | full-spectrum utilization kinetics enhancement |
| Photoelectrocatalysis | synergy of light and electric fields | efficient charge separation overcoming light intermittency |
| Piezo-photocatalysis | synergy of light and mechanical fields | piezopotential-mediated charge regulation strain engineering for band tuning |
| Magnetic-photocatalysis | synergy of light and magnetic fields | prolonged charge carrier lifetime "zero-energy-consumption" magnetic synergy |
| Photo-thermal-electrocatalysis | triadic synergy of light, thermal, and electric fields | breaking the limitations of single fields maximized energy utilization |
Table 1 Comparison of hybrid photocatalysis systems.
| Hybrid catalysis type | Energy form | Core mechanisms and advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Photothermal catalysis | synergy of light and thermal fields | full-spectrum utilization kinetics enhancement |
| Photoelectrocatalysis | synergy of light and electric fields | efficient charge separation overcoming light intermittency |
| Piezo-photocatalysis | synergy of light and mechanical fields | piezopotential-mediated charge regulation strain engineering for band tuning |
| Magnetic-photocatalysis | synergy of light and magnetic fields | prolonged charge carrier lifetime "zero-energy-consumption" magnetic synergy |
| Photo-thermal-electrocatalysis | triadic synergy of light, thermal, and electric fields | breaking the limitations of single fields maximized energy utilization |
Fig. 2. Structural and mechanistic insights into halide perovskite photocatalysts. (a) ABX3 framework with A-site cations (Cs+, MA+, FA+), B-site metals (Pb2+, Sn2+, Bi3+), and X-site halides (Cl?, Br?, I?), enabling charge-carrier photogeneration (CB: reduction; VB: oxidation). (b) Band alignment (pH = 0): VBM/CBM comparison for traditional photocatalysts (g-C3N4 [62], CdS [45], SrTiO3 [63], TiO2 [44], Fe2O3 [64], BiVO4 [65]) organic-inorganic perovskites (MAGeI3 [31], MAPbBr3 [66], FAPbBr3 [67], PMA2PbI4 [68], MAPbI3 [11], MASnI3* [22], MA3Bi2I9 [69]) and all-inorganic perovskites (CsPbBr3 [70], Cs3Sb2I9 [35], Cs2AgBiBr6 [36], CsPbI3 [71], Cs3Bi2Br9 [72], CsPbCl3* [22], Cs2SnI6 [37], Cs3Bi2I9 [73]). Note: The materials marked with an asterisk (*) indicate that their band structure data are obtained from theoretical calculations, while the rest are experimentally measured values, which may be influenced by factors such as raw materials, synthesis conditions, crystal morphology, and size. (c) Schematic of the challenges posed by instability and insufficient active sites in halide perovskites: (Center) lattice degradation triggered by environmental stressors (H2O, O2, light, heat); (Center) restricted reactant access to active sites due to halide capping effect; and (Right) stressor-driven degradation pathways, such as hydration, phase transformation, decomposition and complete dissolution.
| Catalyst | Reaction type | Light source | Performance [μmol g-1 h-1] | Selective | Stability | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cs3Bi2Br9/MoS2 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 172.79 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [79] |
| Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 168.56 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [81] |
| Cs3Bi2Br9/Bi2S3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 153.82 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [80] |
| Cu: CsPbBr3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CH4: 14.72 | CH4:96.9% | > 5 h | [91] |
| m-CN@CsPbBr3 NC | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 42.8 | CO: ~100% | > 5 h | [85] |
| MF/CsPbBr3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 29.13 CH4: 12.95 | CO & CH4 | > 104 h | [84] |
| Cs3Sb2I9 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO+CH4: 95.7 | CO & CH4 | > 3 cycles | [35] |
| CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr) | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO:73.85 | CO: ~100% | repeatable cycles | [82] |
| CsPbBr3@CsPb2Br5 | CO2RR | white light | CO: 69 | CO: 100% | > 8 cycles | [93] |
| MF/CsPbBr3‒xIx | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 173.09 CH4: 22.88 | CO: ~88% CH4: ~12% | > 42 h | [94] |
| CsPbBr3@Pb-TCPP | CO2RR+benzoylamine oxidation | Xe Lamp | CO: 143.3 CH4: 18.6 | CO & BDA | > 4 cycles | [88] |
| Pd-SA/Cs2MoCl6 | semi-hydrogenation | Xe Lamp | 100% Conversion rate of phenylacetylene/40min | styrene: ~96% | — | [92] |
| Cs4CuSb2Cl12 | dehydrogenation | Xe Lamp | 2.0 equivalent H2/30min | — | > 4 cycles | [86] |
Table 2 The catalytic performance of halide perovskite-based photothermal catalysis.
| Catalyst | Reaction type | Light source | Performance [μmol g-1 h-1] | Selective | Stability | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cs3Bi2Br9/MoS2 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 172.79 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [79] |
| Cs3Bi2Br9@Co3O4 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 168.56 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [81] |
| Cs3Bi2Br9/Bi2S3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 153.82 | CO: 100% | > 5 cycles | [80] |
| Cu: CsPbBr3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CH4: 14.72 | CH4:96.9% | > 5 h | [91] |
| m-CN@CsPbBr3 NC | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 42.8 | CO: ~100% | > 5 h | [85] |
| MF/CsPbBr3 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 29.13 CH4: 12.95 | CO & CH4 | > 104 h | [84] |
| Cs3Sb2I9 | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO+CH4: 95.7 | CO & CH4 | > 3 cycles | [35] |
| CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr) | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO:73.85 | CO: ~100% | repeatable cycles | [82] |
| CsPbBr3@CsPb2Br5 | CO2RR | white light | CO: 69 | CO: 100% | > 8 cycles | [93] |
| MF/CsPbBr3‒xIx | CO2RR | Xe Lamp | CO: 173.09 CH4: 22.88 | CO: ~88% CH4: ~12% | > 42 h | [94] |
| CsPbBr3@Pb-TCPP | CO2RR+benzoylamine oxidation | Xe Lamp | CO: 143.3 CH4: 18.6 | CO & BDA | > 4 cycles | [88] |
| Pd-SA/Cs2MoCl6 | semi-hydrogenation | Xe Lamp | 100% Conversion rate of phenylacetylene/40min | styrene: ~96% | — | [92] |
| Cs4CuSb2Cl12 | dehydrogenation | Xe Lamp | 2.0 equivalent H2/30min | — | > 4 cycles | [86] |
Fig. 4. (a) UV-vis DRS spectra of CBB and CBB/MoS2 composites. (b) Thermal images of CBB/MoS2, CBB/Bi2S3 and CBB/Co2O3 under UV-Vis-NIR irradiation. (c) CO production rates of CBB, CBB/Bi2S3, CBB/MoS2, and CBB@Co3O4 under UV-Vis-NIR irradiation. (a-c) Adapted with permission [79-81]. (a-c) Adapted with permission [79]. Copyright 2025, Elsevier. Adapted with permission [80]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. Adapted with permission [81]. Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH. (d) Solar-thermal-induced dehydrogenation mechanism of solid-state ammonia borane. (e) Temperature profiles and (f) hydrogen release under varying light power densities. (g) Full-spectrum photothermal conversion via halide perovskite (light absorber/converter) and energy efficiency analysis for ammonia borane-based fuel cell applications. (d-g) Reproduced with permission [86]. Copyright 2024, ACS.
Fig. 5. (a) Photographs of CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr)-10 composite (left) and hexane-dispersed PCN-224(Zr), CsPbBr3 QDs, and CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr)-10 under visible/UV light (right). (b) S-scheme charge transfer mechanism when PCN-224(Zr) and CsPbBr3 QDs contact under irradiation. (c) PL spectra of PCN-224(Zr), CsPbBr3 QDs, and CsPbBr3@PCN-224(Zr). (a-c) Reproduced with permission [82]. Copyright 2023, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) Illustration of Simultaneous CO2RR and selective BA oxidation over CPB⊆Pb-TCPP photocatalyst. (e) S-scheme mechanism with interfacial IEF between CPB nanocrystals and Pb-TCPP. (d,e) Reproduced with permission [88]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (f) Illustration of microstructure of m-CN@CsPbBr3 heterojunction. (g) Band alignment and CO2 photoreduction pathways for m-CN@CsPbBr3. (h) Transient absorption decay kinetics at 520 nm with lifetime fitting parameters. (f-h) Reproduced with permission [85]. Copyright 2022, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 6. (a) Photothermal CO2 reduction mechanism in Cs3Sb2I9. (b) Comparative CO2 reduction performance of Cs3Sb2I9 under photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and photothermal conditions. (a,b) Reproduced with permission [35]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (c) Proposed CO2 reduction pathways for CsPbBr3 (left) and Cu: CsPbBr3 (right). (d) Steady-state and (e) time-resolved PL spectra of CsPbBr3 vs. Cu:CsPbBr3. (c-e) Reproduced with permission [91]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (f) Pd single atoms (PdSA) anchored on Cs2MoCl6 NCs via Pd-Cl coordination. (g) Light-driven semihydrogenation of various alkynes using PdSA/Cs2MoCl6 NCs. (f,g) Reproduced with permission [92]. Copyright 2024, ACS. (h) CO2 hydrogenation performance of CPB@CP2B5 (inset: synthesis schematic). Reproduced with permission [93]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH. (i) Contact angle comparison: MF/CsPbBr3 vs. pristine MF. (j) 104 h stability test for MF/CsPbBr3 under continuous illumination. (i,j) Reproduced with permission [84]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (k) DRS spectra of MF/CsPbBrI2 (IPA) under fresh, high-humidity (90%, 2 h), and reheated (24 h) conditions. Reproduced with permission [94]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.
Fig. 7. Schematic illustrations of Photoelectrocatalysis and Photothermal catalysis based on halide perovskites: (a) PV-EC system, (b) PV-PEC systemand, (c) DPEC system.
Fig. 8. (a) Integration of NiFe LDH/Ni foam electrodes with perovskite tandem cells for water splitting. (b) Energy band diagram of perovskite tandem cell. (a,b) Reproduced with permission [107]. Copyright 2014, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. (c) Cross-sectional schematic of p-i-n perovskite tandem cell structure. (d) MEA flow reactor design with perovskite tandem cell. (c,d) Reproduced with permission [108]. Copyright 2025, Springer Nature. (e) Dual-junction α-Fe2O3 photoanode/perovskite tandem configuration for enhanced high-energy photon harvesting. Reproduced with permission [109]. Copyright 2015, ACS. (f) Schematic diagram of the tandem BiVO4-CH3NH3PbI3 device for solar fuels generation. Reproduced with permission [111]. Copyright 2015, ACS. (g) Dual photoanode (BVO-FeOOH/NiOOH) integration with encapsulated perovskite solar cell architecture. (h) IPCE comparison between 2-BVO-1.5h photoanode and BVO-S. (g,h) Reproduced with permission [112]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 9. Optical absorption contrast: nanoporous Mo:BiVO4 on planar (a) vs. inverse-conical antenna (b) substrates. FDTD simulations (c,d) show concentrated absorption near electrode surface (250 nm capping layer) in ICA versus deep penetration (900 nm) in planar substrates. (a-d) Reproduced with permission [120]. Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (e) Architecture of conventional PV-PEC water splitting device. (f) Reflective-spectrum-splitting light management system replacing conventional PV-PEC design. (e,f) Reproduced with permission [115]. Copyright 2022, Frontiers. (g) Novel LED-driven reactor design: Visible light delivered through POF-ITO/ABI optoelectrode immersed in aqueous medium. (h) Conventional reactor design with photons traversing water layer before reaching ITO-supported photocatalysts. (g,h) Reproduced with permission [117]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier.
Fig. 10. Design and performance of advanced photoelectrocatalytic devices. (a) Schematic of Wireless artificial leaf solar hydrogen generator: Co-Ci/H-modified Mo:BiVO4 photoanode coupled with TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite tandem cell. (b) Photographs of epoxy-encapsulated tandem cell assembly used in experiment. (c) Unbiased photocurrent and gas evolution (H2/O2) for Co-Ci/H-Mo: BiVO4/perovskite tandem (0.42 cm2) vs Pt counter electrode. (d) STH efficiency and gas yield for 1.3 cm2 artificial leaf under identical conditions. (a-d) Reproduced with permission [97]. Copyright 2015, ACS. (e) NiFeOOH/Ni/FAPbI3 photoanode architecture. (f) Scalable all-perovskite en-PEC system: Parallel-connected NiFeOOH/Ni-FAPbI3 photoanode arrays (7.68 cm2 single cell; 30.8 cm2 mini-module). (g) Stability of encapsulated FAPbI3 PV cell in air. (h) Photographs of 2 × 2 en-PEC mini-module (123.2 cm2) in multi-reactor demonstration setup. (e-h) Reproduced with permission [114]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature.
Fig. 11. (a) Outdoor test of Flexible 100 cm2 perovskite-BiVO4 artificial leaf. (b) Apparatus for characterizing large-scale floating leaves (devices). (c) Working principle: under illumination, gas bubbles evolve, enabling buoyancy of the lightweight photoelectrochemical (PEC) device. The integrated photocathode is irradiated through the transparent PET substrate. (d) Depiction of the Ti|BiVO4 photoanode and the corresponding EDX elemental maps. (e) Structure of the wired perovskite photocathode and a false-color SEM image of the corresponding layers. (f) Depiction of the CoMTPP molecular catalyst attached to a carbon nanotube, and an SEM cross-sectional image of the carbon nanotube sheet. (g) Light-intensity-dependent performance of perovskite photocathodes. (h) Syngas production stability of photocathode. (a-h) Reproduced with permission [123]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature. (i) Schematic of bifunctional PEC-EC hybrid device. (j) The energy-level diagram of perovskite components. EDX elemental mapping of perovskite PV cell (k) and BiVO4 photoanode (l). (m) Long-term chronoamperometry of PEC and EC modes. (i-m) Reproduced with permission [124]. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH.
| Hybrid type | Reaction type | PVK material | Condition | Performance | Product | Conversion efficiency | Stability | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEC | water splitting | Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 5.87 mA cm-2 @1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STHb: 6.5% | 100 h | [112] |
| PEC | CO2RR | Cs0.07(FA)(MA)0.22Pb1.32I2.27Br0.66 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | Formate: 40 μmol h-1 cm-2 | HCOOH: ~100% | STF: 0.8% | >10 h | [122] |
| PEC | CO2RR | Cs0.07(FA)(MA)0.22Pb1.32I2.27Br0.66 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 16.5 mA cm-2 @0V vs RHE | CO:H2 = 7.2 | STF: 0.58% | >24 h | [123] |
| PEC | organic degradation | TAB3Bi2Br7I2 | 395 nm LED, 29 μW cm-2 | 0.66 mA cm-2@1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl | — | degradation rate of benzoic acid: >90% | 5 cycles, 92% | [117] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC)a | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 3.12 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2&O2 FE: ~100% | STH: 3.4% | — | [110] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3+ FA0.83Cs00.17PbI2Br (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 6.01 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 6.3% | > 6 h | [120] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 4.8 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 4.3% | > 12 h | [97] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3‒xBrx (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 3.16 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 3.25% | > 10 h | [118] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 2.5 mA cm-2@0 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 2.5% | — | [111] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | FAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 10.7 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 13.2% | > 2 h | [119] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 10 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 12.3% | > 10 h | [107] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | Cs0.2FA0.8Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3+ Cs0.05FA0.7MA0.25Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 14.7 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2 >99.9% | STH: 17.8% | > 192 h | [108] |
| PPC | water splitting | CH3NH3PbI3 | 100 mW/cm2 & 70W ultrasonic vibration | H2: 466 μmol g-1 h-1 | H2: ~100% | — | 3 cycles | [19] |
| MPC | CO2RR | Mn-CsPbBr3 | 100 mW cm-2 & 400mT | CO: 17.6 μmol g-1 h-1 CH4: 0.81 μmol g-1 h-1 | CO: ~96% CH4: ~4% | — | — | [133] |
| MPC | CO2RR | Fe-CsPbBr3 | 100 mW cm-2 & 300mT | CO: 33.26 μmol g-1 h-1 | CO: ~100% | — | — | [20] |
Table 3 The performance of halide perovskite-based photoelectrocatalysis, piezo-photocatalysis and magnetic-photocatalysis systems.
| Hybrid type | Reaction type | PVK material | Condition | Performance | Product | Conversion efficiency | Stability | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEC | water splitting | Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 5.87 mA cm-2 @1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STHb: 6.5% | 100 h | [112] |
| PEC | CO2RR | Cs0.07(FA)(MA)0.22Pb1.32I2.27Br0.66 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | Formate: 40 μmol h-1 cm-2 | HCOOH: ~100% | STF: 0.8% | >10 h | [122] |
| PEC | CO2RR | Cs0.07(FA)(MA)0.22Pb1.32I2.27Br0.66 | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 16.5 mA cm-2 @0V vs RHE | CO:H2 = 7.2 | STF: 0.58% | >24 h | [123] |
| PEC | organic degradation | TAB3Bi2Br7I2 | 395 nm LED, 29 μW cm-2 | 0.66 mA cm-2@1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl | — | degradation rate of benzoic acid: >90% | 5 cycles, 92% | [117] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC)a | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 3.12 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2&O2 FE: ~100% | STH: 3.4% | — | [110] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3+ FA0.83Cs00.17PbI2Br (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 6.01 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 6.3% | > 6 h | [120] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 4.8 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 4.3% | > 12 h | [97] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3‒xBrx (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 3.16 mA cm-2@1.23 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 3.25% | > 10 h | [118] |
| PV-PEC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 2.5 mA cm-2@0 V vs. RHE | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 2.5% | — | [111] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | FAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 10.7 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 13.2% | > 2 h | [119] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | MAPbI3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 10 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2: O2≈2:1 | STH: 12.3% | > 10 h | [107] |
| PV-EC | water splitting | Cs0.2FA0.8Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3+ Cs0.05FA0.7MA0.25Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 (PSC) | 100 mW cm-2, AM 1.5G | 14.7 mA cm-2@1 sun | H2 >99.9% | STH: 17.8% | > 192 h | [108] |
| PPC | water splitting | CH3NH3PbI3 | 100 mW/cm2 & 70W ultrasonic vibration | H2: 466 μmol g-1 h-1 | H2: ~100% | — | 3 cycles | [19] |
| MPC | CO2RR | Mn-CsPbBr3 | 100 mW cm-2 & 400mT | CO: 17.6 μmol g-1 h-1 CH4: 0.81 μmol g-1 h-1 | CO: ~96% CH4: ~4% | — | — | [133] |
| MPC | CO2RR | Fe-CsPbBr3 | 100 mW cm-2 & 300mT | CO: 33.26 μmol g-1 h-1 | CO: ~100% | — | — | [20] |
Fig. 12. (a) Schematic diagram of integrated ST-PSC + EC system for water splitting. (b) Temperature profiles of CNTs and CNTs@NiFe LDH under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). (c) J-V curves of CNTs@NiFe LDH//Pt/C two-electrode system with/without infrared irradiation. (a-c) Reproduced with permission [119]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (d) Device assembly of the TEG-PEC integrated reactor. (e) Solar spectrum utilization (AM1.5G) in tandem light-harvesting devices. Inset: TE-PEC integration (BiVO4-perovskite-Pt series wiring with 127-pair TEG). (f) Steady-state photocurrents for Pt-PVK-BiVO4 and Pt-TE-PVK-BiVO4 in unassisted water splitting. (g) Performance of TEG-integrated Pt-PVK-BiVO4 under varied light intensities. (h) Photocurrent comparison for Pt-PVK-Fe2O3 and Pt-TE-PVK-Fe2O3 systems. (d-h) Reproduced with permission [127]. Copyright 2023, ACS.
Fig. 13. Product yields of CO and CH4 gases over CsPbBr3 (a) and Mn-CsPbBr3 (b) NPLs with and without an external magnetic field (0 and 300 mT) during 6 h under light irradiation. Schematic illustration of the electron spin polarization induced a longer photoexcited carrier lifetime under an external magnetic field in Mn-CsPbBr3 NPLs (c) and Fe-CsPbBr3 PNCs (d). (a-c) Reproduced with permission [133]. Copyright 2023, ACS. (e) Photocatalytic CO production rate of CsPbBr3 PNCs and Fe-CsPbBr3 PNCs with and without external magnetic field for 4 h. (d,e) Reproduced with permission [20]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier.
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