Preparation and characterization of HypoGel-supported Pd nanocatalysts for Suzuki reaction under mild conditions

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60282-5

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 771-777.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60282-5

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Preparation and characterization of HypoGel-supported Pd nanocatalysts for Suzuki reaction under mild conditions

Kin Hong Liew^a, Wan Zurina Samad^a, Norazzizi Nordin^a, Poh Lee Loh^a, Joon Ching Juan^b, Mohd Ambar Yarmo^a, Badrul Hisham Yahaya^c, Rahimi M. Yusop^a,c

a School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
b Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
c Kluster Perubatan Regeneratif, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Received:2014-12-19 Revised:2015-01-07 Online:2015-04-17 Published:2015-04-17
Contact: Rahimi M. Yusop
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2012/ST01/UKM/02/1) and Research Grant from UKM (IP-2014-070 and LAUREATE-2013-002).

Abstract

Abstract:

A new heterogeneous catalyst composed of Pd nanoparticles immobilized within a HypoGel resin has been prepared in the absence of any ligands using an extensive cross-linking method. This newly developed nanocatalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) techniques. TEM and XRD results revealed that the Pd nanoparticles were well dispersed with diameters in the range of 4-12 nm, and an average size of about 8 nm. The cross-linked Pd catalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the synthesis of a series of biaryl compounds by the reaction of various aryl halides (e.g., bromides andiodides) with phenylboronic acid in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide. ICP-MS analysis indicated that there was only 0.25% weight loss of Pd (0.55 ± 0.02 ppm) from the supported catalyst after the first cycle reaction. Furthermore, the catalyst showed excellent reusability (up to five uses) with consistently high levels of catalytic activity following its recovery by filtration.

Key words: HypoGel, Palladium, Heterogeneous catalyst, Suzuki reaction, Water

Kin Hong Liew, Wan Zurina Samad, Norazzizi Nordin, Poh Lee Loh, Joon Ching Juan, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Badrul Hisham Yahaya, Rahimi M. Yusop. Preparation and characterization of HypoGel-supported Pd nanocatalysts for Suzuki reaction under mild conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 36(5): 771-777.

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Preparation and characterization of HypoGel-supported Pd nanocatalysts for Suzuki reaction under mild conditions

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