Stable CuO/La2Sn2O7 catalysts for soot combustion: Study on the monolayer dispersion behavior of CuO over a La2Sn2O7 pyrochlore support

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63657-9

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the dispersion behavior of metal oxides on composite oxide supports and with the expectation of developing more feasible catalysts for soot oxidation,CuO/La2Sn2O7 samples containing varied CuO loadings were fabricated and characterized by different techniques and density functional theory calculations. In these catalysts,a spontaneous dispersion of CuO on the La2Sn2O7 pyrochlore support formed,having a monolayer dispersion capacity of 1.90 mmol CuO/100 m2 La2Sn2O7 surface. When loaded below this capacity,CuO exists in a sub-monolayer or monolayer state. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),Raman spectroscopy,and Bader charge and density of states analyses indicate that there are strong interactions between the sub-monolayer/monolayer CuO and the La2Sn2O7 support,mainly through the donation of electrons from Cu to Sn at the B-sites of the structure. In contrast,Cu has negligible interactions with La at the A-sites. This suggests that,in composite oxide supports containing multiple metals,the supported metal oxide interacts preferentially with one kind of metal cation in the support. The Raman,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,and XPS results confirmed the formation of both O2- and O22- as the active sites on the surfaces of the CuO/La2Sn2O7 catalysts,and the concentration of these active species determines the soot combustion activity. The number of active oxygen anions increased with increase in CuO loading until the monolayer dispersion capacity was reached. Above the monolayer dispersion capacity,microsized CuO crystallites formed,and these had a negative effect on the generation of active surface oxygen sites. In summary,a highly active catalyst can be prepared by covering the surface of the La2Sn2O7 support with a CuO monolayer.

Key words: CuO/La2Sn2O7 catalyst, Soot combustion, DFT calculations, Preferential interaction, Monolayer dispersion on pyrochlore support

Xiaohui Feng, Rui Liu, Xianglan Xu, Yunyan Tong, Shijing Zhang, Jiacheng He, Junwei Xu, Xiuzhong Fang, Xiang Wang. Stable CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇ catalysts for soot combustion: Study on the monolayer dispersion behavior of CuO over a La₂Sn₂O₇ pyrochlore support[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(3): 396-408.

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References

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Sample	CuO loading ^a (wt%)	Surface area^b (m² g^-1)	Average pore size ^c (nm)	Average pore volume ^c (cm³ g^-1)
La₂Sn₂O₇	—	17.5	10.2	0.057
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	0.9	16.5	10.4	0.049
2% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	1.9	15.9	10.3	0.042
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	2.9	15.5	10.4	0.039
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.0	15.1	10.6	0.037
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.9	14.9	11.1	0.034
6% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	6.0	14.7	11.5	0.031
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	7.1	10.1	11.4	0.031
8% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	8.1	9.6	11.7	0.030
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	9.1	7.6	12.9	0.030

Sample	CuO loading ^a (wt%)	Surface area^b (m² g^-1)	Average pore size ^c (nm)	Average pore volume ^c (cm³ g^-1)
La₂Sn₂O₇	—	17.5	10.2	0.057
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	0.9	16.5	10.4	0.049
2% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	1.9	15.9	10.3	0.042
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	2.9	15.5	10.4	0.039
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.0	15.1	10.6	0.037
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.9	14.9	11.1	0.034
6% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	6.0	14.7	11.5	0.031
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	7.1	10.1	11.4	0.031
8% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	8.1	9.6	11.7	0.030
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	9.1	7.6	12.9	0.030

Sample	T_i(°C)	T_p (°C)	T_c (°C)	ΔT_i-p (°C)	S_CO2(%)
Soot	530	640	690	110	68
La₂Sn₂O₇	425	525	600	100	89
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	420	515	590	95	92
2% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	420	500	580	80	93
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	490	565	90	94
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	395	460	535	65	97
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	395	470	540	75	96
6% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	470	545	70	96
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	475	550	75	95
8% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	405	475	550	70	95
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	405	480	555	75	95

Sample	T_i(°C)	T_p (°C)	T_c (°C)	ΔT_i-p (°C)	S_CO2(%)
Soot	530	640	690	110	68
La₂Sn₂O₇	425	525	600	100	89
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	420	515	590	95	92
2% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	420	500	580	80	93
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	490	565	90	94
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	395	460	535	65	97
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	395	470	540	75	96
6% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	470	545	70	96
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	400	475	550	75	95
8% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	405	475	550	70	95
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	405	480	555	75	95

Samples	O₂-TPD			Soot-TPR
Samples	Oxygen from α peak (μmol g^-1)	Oxygen from β peak (μmol g^-1)	Active oxygen (μmol g^-1)	Oxygen uptake from α peak (a.u.)
La₂Sn₂O₇	3.56	—	3.56	12.3
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.27	11.41	15.68	25.2
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	4.70	15.51	20.21	38.5
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	5.70	35.21	40.91	100.0
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	7.98	29.14	37.12	82.9
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	5.56	27.47	33.03	78.4
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	6.13	25.24	31.37	72.4

Stable CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇ catalysts for soot combustion: Study on the monolayer dispersion behavior of CuO over a La₂Sn₂O₇ pyrochlore support

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Sample	O 1s binding energy and relative amount (%)			(O₂^- + O₂^2-)/O^2- ratio
Sample	O₂^-	O₂^2-	O^2-	(O₂^- + O₂^2-)/O^2- ratio
1% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.8/7.6	531.5/43.5	529.8/48.9	1.05
3% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.9/19.7	531.6/40.4	529.8/39.9	1.50
4% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.7/16.2	531.5/54.4	529.7/29.4	2.40
5% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.6/18.6	531.5/49.9	529.9/31.5	2.17
7% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.8/21.3	531.4/46.2	529.7/32.5	2.08
9% CuO/La₂Sn₂O₇	532.7/13.3	531.4/53.8	529.8/32.9	2.04

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