Complete removal of phenolic contaminants from bismuth-modified TiO2 single-crystal photocatalysts

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63668-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring low-cost and highly active photocatalysts is very urgent to accomplish complete removal of phenolic contaminants and overcome the limitations of the existing photocatalysts. In this study, we designed and synthesized noble metal-free TiO₂ photocatalysts by introducing bismuth nanoparticles as modifiers of a TiO₂ single crystal (Bi-SCTiO₂). The Bi-SCTiO₂ can make full use of the synergistic effect of a small band overlap and low charge carrier density (Bi) with a high conductivity (single crystal), significantly boosting the separation and migration of the photogenerated charge pairs. Therefore, the Bi-SCTiO₂ photocatalyst exhibits a significantly enhanced degradation rate (12 times faster) of 4-nitrophenol than a TiO₂ single crystal under simulated sunlight irradiation. Notably, the complete removal of phenolic contaminants is achieved in various water matrices, which not only successfully overcomes the incomplete degradation in many reported photocatalytic systems, but also manifests a significant practical potential for sewage disposal. Therefore, this work presents a new insight in designing and constructing noble metal-free decorated semiconductor single-crystal photocatalysts with excellent activity and cyclability.

Key words: Bi modification, TiO₂ single crystal, Phenolic pollutants, Complete removal, Water matrix, Degradation mechanism, Photocatalysis

Wenjie Tang, Juanrong Chen, Zhengliang Yin, Weichen Sheng, Fengjian Lin, Hui Xu, Shunsheng Cao. Complete removal of phenolic contaminants from bismuth-modified TiO₂ single-crystal photocatalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(2): 347-355.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63668-3

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I2/347

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the preparation of Bi-SCTiO2 nanorods; SEM (b), TEM (c), HRTEM (d), and SAED (e) images of Bi-SCTiO2; STEM mapping of the Bi-SCTiO2 photocatalyst ((g) Ti; (h) O; (i) Bi).

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns of SCTiO2 and Bi-SCTiO2; XPS profiles in the full-scale (b), Ti 2p (c), O 1s (d), and C 1s (e) regions of the SCTiO2 and Bi-SCTiO2 samples; (f) the Bi 4f region for the Bi-SCTiO2 sample.

Fig. 3. Photocatalytic degradation (a) and corresponding fitting curves (b) of 4-NP; (c) Effect of the initial concentration of 4-NP on the performance of Bi-SCTiO2; photocatalytic degradation (d) and corresponding fitting curves (e) of phenol; (f) Effect of the initial concentration of phenol on the performance of Bi-SCTiO2.

Fig. 4. The effects of pH (a), metal cations (b), Cl- (c), HCO3- (d), SO42- (e), and water matrix (f) on the degradation of phenol (initial concentration of phenol = 10 mg/L) under simulated sunlight irradiation.

Fig. 5. (a) Photocatalytic performance of Bi-SCTiO2 for degrading 4-NP; ESR spectra of DMPO-?OH (b), DMPO-?O2- (c), and TEMPO-h+ (d) over SCTiO2 and Bi-SCTiO2.

Fig. 6. UV-vis spectra (a) and corresponding bandgap (b) of the SCTiO2 and Bi-SCTiO2; (c) transient photocurrent responses; (d) EIS of SCTiO2 and Bi-SCTiO2.

Fig. 7. Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation.

Fig. 8. Possible degradation pathway of 4-NP (a) and phenol (b).

Fig. 9. Recycling performance of Bi-SCTiO2 for degrading phenol under simulated sunlight irradiation.

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Complete removal of phenolic contaminants from bismuth-modified TiO₂ single-crystal photocatalysts

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