Controlling the reactions of free radicals with metal-radical interaction

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64181-0

Abstract

Abstract:

Radicals are key intermediates in numerous reactions. Their high reactivity enables various transformations to occur under mild conditions, however, also brings great challenges to control their reactions especially over heterogeneous catalysts. Here we propose to use metal nanoparticles to directly steer the conversion of free radical species. Results from photocatalytic reactions, in situ transient absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical simulation demonstrate that supported Pd nanoparticles can efficiently stabilize free radical species generated from photo-excited TiO₂, and thus manipulate their conversion on catalyst surface, owing to the enhanced electronic interactions between metal and radical species. These understandings are crucial for the design of advanced heterogeneous catalytic systems with controllable radical reactions.

Key words: Metal-radical interaction, Radical reaction, Photocatalysis, Catalytic mechanism, Metal catalysis

Zhipeng Huang, Yang Yang, Junju Mu, Genheng Li, Jianyu Han, Puning Ren, Jian Zhang, Nengchao Luo, Ke-Li Han, Feng Wang. Controlling the reactions of free radicals with metal-radical interaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 45: 120-131.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64181-0

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2023/V45/I2/120

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1. (a) Reaction network of phenylacetic acid conversion over metal/TiO2 catalyst. (b) Photocatalytic conversion of phenylacetic acid and 2-phenylisobutyric acid over metal/TiO2 catalysts. Reaction conditions: substrate (0.15 mmol), photocatalyst (5 mg), acetonitrile (1.2 mL), Ar (0.1 MPa), room temperature (30 ± 5 ?°C), LEDs (365 nm, 18 W) irradiation for 3 h. Conversion and selectivity were determined by GC analysis.

Fig. 2. TA spectra averaged over 0.25-0.35 μs in the presence (blue) and absence (orange) of phenylacetic acid over Pt/TiO2 (a), Au/TiO2 (b), Rh/TiO2 (c), Ni/TiO2 (d), and Pd/TiO2 (e) catalysts. Transient decay of benzyl radical absorption signal at selected wavelength over Pt/TiO2 (f), Au/TiO2 (g), Rh/TiO2 (h), Ni/TiO2 (i), and Pd/TiO2 (j) catalysts. △Abs, the change in absorbance after laser pulse excitation; a, the kinetic weight coefficient; R2, the coefficient of fitting determination. Curves drawn on top of the data are guides to the eye.

Fig. 3. (a) The calculated binding energy of benzyl radical on different metal surfaces. The calculated partial density of states for benzyl radical binding on Pd (111) (b) and Pt (111) (c).

Scheme 1. Hydrodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids over Pd/TiO2. Yields were determined by GC analysis. a Isolated yield. b NMR yield. c HPLC yield. d Reaction was carried out on a 3.75 mmol (0.863 g) scale, reaction time (18 h).

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