In2S3/HOF S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65018-8

Abstract

Abstract:

As an emerging crystalline porous material, hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have enormous potential in photocatalytic field. However, poor stability and rapid recombination of photogenerated charges hinder their practical application in photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. To address the above challenges, this work employs a wet chemical method to grow In₂S₃ nanosheets in situ on the surface of highly stable HOF nanorods (PFC-1), resulting in a novel inorganic/organic In₂S₃/PFC-1 (IP) S-scheme heterojunction. The optimal IP composite achieves a significantly improved photocatalytic H₂O₂ evolution rate of 3.78 mmol g^‒1 h^‒1, which is 2.9- and 3.7-fold than that of In₂S₃ and PFC-1, respectively. The elevated visible-light absorption, abundant active sites, and effective charge separation of IP S-scheme heterojunction result in the improvement in photocatalytic performance. Additionally, photocatalytic H₂O₂ production of IP goes through a two-electron O₂ reduction reaction pathway. This work offers a novel strategy for the fabrication of efficient HOF-based S-scheme heterostructures and their application in photocatalytic field.

Key words: Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, In₂S₃, S-scheme photocatalyst, O₂ reduction, Photocatalytic H₂O₂ production

Yong Zhang, Wenjun Zhu, Yanyan Zhao, Shumin Zhang. In₂S₃/HOF S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ production[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 84: 261-273.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65018-8

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2026/V84/I5/261

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1. (a) Schematics for the fabrication of IP S-scheme heterostructure. TEM images of In2S3 (b), PFC-1 (c), and IP-40 (d). (e) HRTEM image of IP-40 in the selected area. (f) EDS mapping images of IP-40.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns (a), FTIR spectra (b), and TGA curves (c) of the samples. (d) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of In2S3, PFC-1, and IP-40, the inset shows pore size distribution.

Fig. 3. (a) UV-vis DRS spectra of the as-prepared samples. Mott-Schottky plots of In2S3 (b) and PFC-1 (c). (d) Band diagrams of In2S3 and PFC-1.

Fig. 4. (a) ISI-XPS spectra of In 3d for In2S3 and IP-40. (b) ISI-XPS spectra of O 1s for PFC-1 and IP-40. DFT calculated work functions of In2S3 (c) and PFC-1 (d). (e) Schematics of IP S-scheme heterojunction mechanism.

Fig. 5. Pseudocolor fs-TAS plots of In2S3 (a), PFC-1 (b), and IP-40 (c) using a 380 nm pump pulse. Normalized fs-TAS decay kinetics of In2S3 and IP-40 at 460 nm (d), and PFC-1 and IP-40 at 540 nm (e). (f) Schematic for the decay pathways of photogenerated electrons in IP S-scheme heterojunction.

Fig. 6. (a) Photocatalytic H2O2 production In2S3, PFC-1, and IP composites. (b) Cyclic measurements of IP-40 for photocatalytic H2O2 evolution. (c) H2O2 decomposition of In2S3, PFC-1, and IP composites. (d) Kf and Kd for photocatalytic H2O2 production.

Fig. 7. Photocurrent curves (a), EIS spectra (b), and TRPL spectra (c) of PFC-1, In2S3 and IP-40. (d) Photocatalytic H2O2 evolution rate of IP-40 under different conditions. (e) DMPO-?O2- signals of PFC-1, In2S3 and IP-40 in methanol after 5 min irradiation. (f) Koutechy-Levich plots of PFC-1, In2S3 and IP-40 at -1 V versus Ag/AgCl.

Fig. 8. In-situ DRIFTS on IP-40 under dark (a) and irradiation (b) for 60 min. (c) The free energy diagram of ORR pathway toward H2O2 production over IP S-scheme heterojunction. (d) Proposed mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 production by IP S-scheme heterojunction.

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In₂S₃/HOF S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ production

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