Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol on hydroxycarbonate-derived Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60094-2

Abstract

Abstract:

Three Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts with similar compositions were prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation (CZA-HP), deposition-precipitation (CZA-DP), and conventional coprecipitation (CZA-CP). A Cu-ZnO catalyst was also prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation (CZ-HP) for reference. X-ray diffraction results showed that the degree of mixing of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ ions in the Cu-Zn-Al hydroxycarbonate precursor followed the order of CZA-DP < CZA-HP < CZA-CP. A more homogeneous aluminum distribution and intimate contact between Al₂O₃ and ZnO led to smaller CuO and ZnO crystallites in the CuO-ZnO-Al₂O₃ composite oxides, and consequently smaller Cu and ZnO crystallites in the final Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts. However, the intimate ZnO-Al₂O₃ contact hindered the interaction between Cu and ZnO in the Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts. As a result of these effects of Al₂O₃, for the samples other than CZA-CP, the Cu particles on CZA-HP showed the highest redox activity, which was characterized by N₂O chemisorption-H₂ temperature-programmed reduction. These catalysts catalyzed glycerol hydrogenolysis to propylene glycol with high selectivities above 90% at 30% glycerol conversion (473 K and 6.0 MPa H₂). Their activities normalized per exposed surface Cu atom to give turnover frequencies increased in the order CZA-DP < CZA-CP < CZ-HP < CZA-HP, which was the order of the redox ability of the Cu particles. The addition of alumina increased the stability of Cu-ZnO catalysts. After six cycles (6 h per run), the activity of CZ-HP decreased by 45% accompanied by an increase of Cu crystallite size from 13.2 to 45.2 nm, while that of CZA-HP decreased only by 10% with an increase of the Cu crystallite size from 8.3 to 19.0 nm. These results demonstrated the promoting effects of Al₂O₃ on the activity and stability of Cu-ZnO catalysts derived from the hydroxycarbonates.

Key words: Glycerol, Selective hydrogenolysis, Propylene glycol, Copper, Zinc oxide, Alumina, Hydroxycarbonate precursor, Structure-activity relationship, Stability

Shuai Wang, Haichao Liu. Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol on hydroxycarbonate-derived Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2014, 35(5): 631-643.

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Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol on hydroxycarbonate-derived Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts

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