Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 453-462.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62938-3

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Steering plasmonic hot electrons to realize enhanced full-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Yanrui Lia, Yu Guob, Ran Longb, Dong Liub, Daming Zhaoa, Yubo Tana, Chao Gaob, Shaohua Shena, Yujie Xiongb   

  1. a International Research Centre for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China;
    b Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2017-09-26 Revised:2017-10-21 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-10
  • Contact: 10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62938-3
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported in part by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2017YFA0207301), the National Basic research and Development Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB848900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21471141, U1532135), CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-SLH018), CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team, Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2016FXCX003), Recruitment Program of Global Experts, CAS Hundred Talent Program, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1708085QB26), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BH2060000034), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060190064).

Abstract:

Integration of surface plasmons into photocatalysis is an intriguing approach to extend the light absorption range over the full solar spectrum. However, the low migration rates and uncertain diffusion directions of plasmonic hot electrons make their photocatalytic efficiency fail to meet expectations. It remains a challenging task to steer the migration of hot electrons and take full advantage of the plasmonic effect to achieve the desired high photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we have developed an efficient strategy to steer the migration of plasmonic hot electrons through a well-designed hybrid structure that synergizes a "surface heterojunction" with a Schottky junction. The hybrid structure was synthesized by modifying titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanosheets (NSs) with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) as a plasmonic metal and platinum (Pt) NPs as a co-catalyst. The "surface heterojunction" formed between two different crystal facets in the TiO2 NSs can induce the injection of plasmonic hot electrons from Au NPs excited by visible light to TiO2. Meanwhile, the Schottky junction formed between the Pt NPs and TiO2 NSs can force the migration of electrons from TiO2 to Pt NPs instead of flowing to Au NPs, attaining the efficient unidirectional transfer of carriers in the Au-TiO2 system. Plasmonic photocatalysts with this design achieved dramatically enhanced activity in full-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production. This work opens a new window to rationally design hybrid structures for full-spectrum photocatalysis.

Key words: Plasmonics, Surface heterojunction, Schottky junction, Photocatalytic hydrogen production, Full spectrum