Defect-assisted surface modification enhances the visible light photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4@C-TiO2 direct Z-scheme heterojunctions

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63183-3

Abstract

Abstract:

To increase the number of active sites and defects in TiO₂ and promote rapid and efficient transfer of photogenerated charges, a g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ composite photocatalyst was prepared via in situ deposition of g-C₃N₄ on a carbon-doped anatase TiO₂ surface. The effects of carbon doping state and surface modification of g-C₃N₄ on the performance of g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ composite photocatalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. With increasing carbon doping content, the carbon doping state in TiO₂ gradually changed from gap to substitution doping. Although the number of oxygen vacancies gradually increased, the degradation efficiency of g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ for RhB (phenol) initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing carbon content. The g-C₃N₄@10C-TiO₂ sample exhibited the highest apparent reaction rate constant of 0.036 min^-1 (0.039 min^-1) for RhB (phenol) degradation, which was 150 (139), 6.4 (6.8), 2.3 (3), and 1.7 (2.1) times higher than that of pure TiO₂, 10C-TiO₂, g-C₃N₄, and g-C₃N₄@TiO₂, respectively. g-C₃N₄ was grown in situ on the surface of C-TiO₂ by surface carbon hybridization and bonding. The resultant novel g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ photocatalyst exhibited direct Z-scheme heterojunctions with non-local impurity levels. The high photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the improved visible light response ability, higher photogenerated electron transfer efficiency, and redox ability arising from Z-type heterojunctions.

Key words: Photocatalyst, Heterojunction, Direct Z-scheme, Doping, Modification

Xibao Li, Jie Xiong, Ying Xu, Zhijun Feng, Juntong Huang. Defect-assisted surface modification enhances the visible light photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ direct Z-scheme heterojunctions[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 40(3): 424-433.

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Defect-assisted surface modification enhances the visible light photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂ direct Z-scheme heterojunctions

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