Chinese Journal of Catalysis

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2026, Vol. 87: 126-139.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65106-6

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Augmented reactive oxygen species generation in Ag/AgBr/C3N5 via LSPR-enhanced S-scheme charge transfer for efficient photocatalytic antibiotic wastewater remediation

Shijie Lia,b,c,d,*(), Rui Lia, Yanping Liua, Xin Yuc, Deyun Mae, Jianhui Jiangf, Xiaosong Zhoug, Chunqiang Zhuangh,*(), Zaiwang Zhaoi, Wei Jianga,b,*()   

  1. a Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Port-Petrochemical Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
    b Pingyang Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Wenzhou 325400, Zhejiang, China
    c Henan Engineering Research Center of Resource & Energy Recovery from Waste, School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    d School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
    e School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, China
    f College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
    g School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, Guangdong, China
    h Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    i College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-07-22 Accepted:2026-02-13 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-06-24
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2101200);Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20E080014);Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LTGN23E080001);Open Cooperation Foundation of the Department of Chemical Science of Henan University(DCSHENU2413)

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Abstract:

The efficacy of photocatalytic pollutant degradation is fundamentally governed by charge carrier separation dynamics and redox potential preservation. To address these critical factors, we developed a plasmon-enhanced Ag/AgBr/C3N5 S-scheme heterojunction through a facile assembly approach. Systematic characterization and theoretical calculations reveal the establishment of a robust interfacial electric field that simultaneously promotes efficient charge separation while maintaining the strong inherent redox capabilities of individual components. The incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles introduces localized surface plasmon resonance, significantly broadening visible light absorption and generating energetic hot electrons. This synergistic integration of S-scheme charge transfers and plasmonic effects contributes to reinforced production of reactive species and yields exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving 87.9% degradation of levofloxacin within 50 min under visible light irradiation. This performance surpasses those of pristine AgBr, AgBr/C3N5 and C3N5 by factors of approximately 1.76, 1.35 and 11.2, respectively. Mechanistic investigations through intermediate analysis elucidate a plausible levofloxacin degradation process, while eco-toxicological assessments confirm the environmentally benign nature of the final products. This work establishes a novel design paradigm for designing plasmon-enhanced S-scheme photocatalysts, offering a sustainable solution for antibiotic remediation in aqueous systems.

Key words: Reinforced ROS generation, Localized surface plasmon resonance effect, C3N5, S-scheme heterojunction, Ag/AgBr, Internal electric field, Antibiotic removal