催化学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1453-1462.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63124-9

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

FeCl3模板辅助法由质子盐制备氮、硫、铁三掺杂碳纳米片及其催化氧还原反应

朱军杰, 来庆学, 赵颖轩, 钟佳, 梁彦瑜   

  1. 南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院, 江苏省能量转换材料与技术重点实验室, 江苏南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-15 修回日期:2018-06-06 出版日期:2018-09-18 发布日期:2018-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 梁彦瑜
  • 基金资助:

    中国国家自然科学基金(21273114,21771107);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20161484);中央高校基本科研专项资金(NE2015003);江苏省“六大人才高峰计划”(2013-XNY-010);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;南京航空航天大学研究生创新基地(kfjj20160613).

An effective FeCl3 template assisted synthesis of nitrogen, sulfur and iron-tridoped carbon nanosheets from a protic salt for oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Junjie Zhu, Qingxue Lai, Yingxuan Zhao, Jia Zhong, Yanyu Liang   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2017-11-15 Revised:2018-06-06 Online:2018-09-18 Published:2018-07-19
  • Contact: 10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63124-9
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273114, 21771107), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20161484), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NE2015003), the "Six Talent Peaks Program" of Jiangsu Province (2013-XNY-010), a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution, and the Foundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA (kfjj20160613).

摘要:

作为一种新型能源技术,燃料电池具有能源转化效率高、燃料可再生、运行安全清洁等优点,因而在应对全球持续增长的能源、环境问题方面受到广泛的研究.但是,燃料电池的阴极氧还原反应(ORR)存在动力学缓慢的固有特性,其反应过电位高,需要在催化剂的辅助下才能顺利发生反应并提供足够的电极电势.目前ORR催化性能最优的是铂基催化剂,但其存在着资源稀缺、价格昂贵、循环寿命差等缺陷,这也是制约燃料电池商业化应用的主要因素.因而要想实现燃料电池的大规模应用,寻找新的可替代铂基催化剂、且储量丰富、价格低廉的优秀ORR催化剂成为了研究的热点.近几年来,杂原子掺杂的碳材料以其价格低、催化性能卓越、优异的稳定性和抗甲醇性能等优点,逐渐发展成为最有前景的ORR催化剂.
本文以FeCl3为模板和铁源,质子盐对苯二胺(PPS)为碳、氮、硫源,采用简单的一步中和法制备氮、硫、铁三掺杂的二维介孔碳纳米片催化剂(NSFC).TEM和BET结果显示,FeCl3不仅起到了二维模板的作用,同时在热处理过程中与无定形碳发生作用形成了丰富的介孔,大大提高了材料的比表面积和结构开放性,为ORR反应提供了反应场所.XPS结果显示,质子盐中和合成法不仅有效地简化了NSFC的合成步骤,而且能够灵活地控制材料的元素组成,实现了氮和硫的原位掺杂,有效构筑了杂原子掺杂活性位;同时FeCl3也为催化剂材料引入了Fe元素,进而形成催化活性更加优异的Fe-Nx活性位.电化学测试结果表明,通过调整FeCl3和PPS的比例,NSFC-3催化剂材料在结构形貌和表面功能达到了同时最优化,获得了与商业30 wt% Pt/C可比的催化性能,其起始电位和极限电流密度分别达到了–0.03 V和5.05 mA/cm2,同时NSFC-3具有优于商业30 wt% Pt/C的催化选择性、稳定性和抗甲醇性能.这源于稳定的二维纳米片层结构、丰富的表面介孔结构、大的比表面积和活性位点暴露率以及多种催化活性位点的协同催化效应.

关键词: 氧还原催化剂, FeCl3模板, 质子盐, 原位掺杂, 协同催化

Abstract:

Doping heteroatoms into carbon matrix was an efficient strategy to achieve a high-performance non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalyst. Herein, an in situ templated synthesis strategy has been demonstrated to fabricate nitrogen, sulfur and iron-tridoped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (NSFC) with FeCl3 as the two-dimensional template. And a protic salt was used as the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur source, which realized one-step preparation of catalyst materials and the co-doping of various heteroatoms simultaneously. As a result, the optimized NSFC catalyst possessed comparable catalytic activity and selectivity, while superior durability and methanol permeability resistance to commercial 30 wt% Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. Such excellent performance should be ascribed to the efficient multiple-element doping into the large-specific-surface-area and highly stable carbon nanosheets realized by the in situ synthesis route with a novel FeCl3 template.

Key words: Oxygen reduction electrocatalyst, FeCl3 template, Protic salt, In situ doping, Synergic catalysis