高熵合金纳米晶体促进光催化析氢耦合肉桂醇选择性氧化

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60167-1

催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 68: 326-335.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60167-1

高熵合金纳米晶体促进光催化析氢耦合肉桂醇选择性氧化

项祥林^a^,^b, 程蓓^b^,^*(), 朱必成^c, 姜传佳^d^,^*(), 梁桂杰^e

^a昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 云南昆明 650093
^b武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
^c中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院太阳燃料实验室, 湖北武汉 430078
^d南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350
^e湖北文理学院低维光电材料与器件湖北省重点实验室, 湖北襄阳 441053

收稿日期:2024-08-20 接受日期:2024-09-25 出版日期:2025-01-18 发布日期:2025-01-02
通讯作者: * 电子信箱: chengbei2013@whut.edu.cn (程蓓), jiangcj@nankai.edu.cn (姜传佳).
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3803600);国家自然科学基金项目(22238009);国家自然科学基金项目(22361142704);国家自然科学基金项目(22261142666);国家自然科学基金项目(22278324);国家自然科学基金项目(52073223);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFA001);中央高校基本科研业务费(63241632)

High-entropy alloy nanocrystals boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol

Xianglin Xiang^a^,^b, Bei Cheng^b^,^*(), Bicheng Zhu^c, Chuanjia Jiang^d^,^*(), Guijie Liang^e

^aFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
^bState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
^cLaboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
^dCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
^eHubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Arts and Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China

Received:2024-08-20 Accepted:2024-09-25 Online:2025-01-18 Published:2025-01-02
Contact: * E-mail: chengbei2013@whut.edu.cn (B. Cheng), jiangcj@nankai.edu.cn (C. Jiang).
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803600);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22238009);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361142704);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22261142666);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278324);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073223);Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2022CFA001);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63241632)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光催化可以利用太阳光实现产氢和可控有机转化的耦合反应, 为全球面临的能源和重要工业原料短缺问题提供潜在解决方案. 光催化剂的设计构筑是实现该技术的关键. 硫化镉(CdS)量子点因其优异的可见光吸收能力、易于合成和形貌可控等优势而受到广泛关注. 然而, 由于缺乏高效的表面活性位点, 其表面氧化还原反应进行缓慢, 这严重制约了CdS量子点光催化剂的发展. 当前, 贵金属助催化剂(如Pt, Au, Ag等)在提高CdS量子点光催化产氢性能方面已展现出较大的潜力. 然而, 由于贵金属本身的稀缺性和高昂的价格使其应用受限. 因此, 在优化贵金属催化性能的基础上减少其用量显得尤其重要.
与单一元素金属相比, 合金化可以调节催化反应过程中反应底物或中间体在催化剂表面的吸附能以提高催化活性. 与廉价金属形成合金不仅可以减少贵金属的使用量, 还可以优化其光催化析氢性能. 本文采用简单的溶剂热法合成了PtFeNiCoCu高熵合金(HEA)纳米晶助催化剂, 并通过静电自组装法成功地将其与CdS量子点复合, 构建了HEA/CdS复合材料, 用于光催化产氢耦合肉桂醇的选择性氧化. 由于HEA的黑色属性和HEA中的金属原子的d-d跃迁, 复合样品表现出增强的可见至近红外光吸收. 理论计算结果表明, 相较于Pt纳米颗粒, 高熵合金纳米晶的氢吸附自由能绝对值更接近零, 表现出比纯的Pt纳米晶更高的催化活性. d带中心计算结果表明, HEA中的Pt原子是其主要析氢活性位点. 飞秒瞬态吸收光谱表明, HEA可以显著促进CdS量子点中光生载流子的分离, 这对于实现高效的光催化活性至关重要. 因而, 在最佳条件下, 其光催化产氢速率为7.15 mmol g^-1 h^-1, 比纯CdS量子点的光催化产氢速率高12倍. 此外, 原位漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱和电子顺磁共振波谱结果表明, 该体系中肉桂醇主要经过两个单电子反应步骤生成肉桂醛: (1) 肉桂醇通过一个单电子反应步骤生成肉桂醇的碳中心自由基; (2)该自由基再通过一个单电子反应步骤被氧化为肉桂醛. 由于CdS量子点合适的价带位置, 此光催化体系不会将肉桂醛进一步氧化为肉桂酸, 因而实现了肉桂醇到肉桂醛的高选择性转化.
综上所述, 本文采用简单的溶剂热法和静电自组装法制备了HEA/CdS复合材料, 实现了高效光催化产氢与肉桂醇选择性氧化反应的耦合, 并从光生载流子动力学角度揭示了HEA助催化剂在促进CdS量子点光生载流子分离与转移方面的作用. 本工作可为光催化材料的原子水平设计, 以及生产绿色能源载体和高附加值产品的耦合技术开发提供参考.

关键词: 人工光合作用, d带中心, 光催化析氢, 量子点, 增值有机合成

Abstract:

Photocatalysis provides a promising solution to the worldwide shortages of energy and industrially important raw materials by utilizing sunlight for coupled hydrogen (H₂) production with controllable organic transformation. Herein, we demonstrate that PtFeNiCoCu high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals can act as efficient cocatalysts for H₂ evolution coupled with selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde by cubic cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) with uniform sizes of 4.0 ± 0.5 nm. HEA nanocrystals were prepared via a simple solvothermal approach, and were successfully integrated with CdS QDs by an electrostatic self-assembly method to construct HEA/CdS composites. The optimized HEA/CdS sample presented an enhanced photocatalytic H₂ production rate of 7.15 mmol g^-1 h^-1, which was 13 times that of pure CdS QDs. Moreover, a cinnamyl alcohol conversion of 96.2% with cinnamaldehyde selectivity of 99.5% was achieved after photoreaction for 3 h. The integration of HEA with CdS QDs extended the optical absorption edge from 475 to 484 nm. From d-band center analysis, Pt atoms in the HEA are the active sites for H₂ evolution, exhibiting higher catalytic activity than pure Pt. Meanwhile, the band structure of the CdS QDs enables the oxidative transformation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamaldehyde with high selectivity. Moreover, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that HEA can significantly promote the separation of photogenerated carriers in CdS, which is vital for achieving enhanced photocatalytic activity. This work inspires atomic-level design of photocatalytic materials for coordinated production of green energy carriers and value-added products.

Key words: Artificial photosynthesis, d-Band center, Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Quantum dots, Value-added organic synthesis

项祥林, 程蓓, 朱必成, 姜传佳, 梁桂杰. 高熵合金纳米晶体促进光催化析氢耦合肉桂醇选择性氧化[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 68: 326-335.

Xianglin Xiang, Bei Cheng, Bicheng Zhu, Chuanjia Jiang, Guijie Liang. High-entropy alloy nanocrystals boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 68: 326-335.

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Fig. 1. Composition of HEA/CdS composites formed by electrostatic self-assembly of cysteamine-capped CdS QDs and PVP-coated HEA nanocrystals. (a) XRD patterns of HEA, CdS, and HEA/CdS. (b) FT-IR spectra of CdS, HEA, and their respective surface coatings (i.e., cysteamine and PVP). (c) Zeta potential of the materials. (d) Illustration for the formation of HEA/CdS composites via a self-assembly approach.

Fig. 2. Morphology and band structure of HEA/CdS composites. HAADF-STEM images with low- (a) and high (b) magnifications, and TEM (c) and HRTEM (d) images of HEA/CdS. Due to the metallic properties of HEA nanocrystals, they are brighter than CdS QDs in the HADDF STEM images and exhibit higher contrast in the TEM images. (e) UPS spectra and the onset of the HOMO region (EHOMO) of CdS, and the inset is the secondary electron cutoff region (Ecutoff) of CdS. (f) UPS spectra and the EHOMO of HEA, and the inset is the Ecutoff of HEA. (g) Electronic band structure of HEA/CdS.

Fig. 3. Enhanced performance and mechanisms for H2 generation coupled with CALC oxidation over the HEA/CdS photocatalysts. (a) The H2-production rate of x%HEA/CdS (x = 0, 10, 20, 40, 80) and HEA. (b) The time course of H2 and CAL evolution and CALC transformation on 40%HEA/CdS. (c) LSV curves of HEA/CdS and CdS, with the dashed line indicating overpotential measured at -0.2 mA cm-2. The calculated free energy of H atom adsorption (ΔGH*) (d) and d-band centers (e) for Pt, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in HEA. (f) The calculated ΔGH* for Pt in HEA and pure Pt.

Fig. 4. Reaction pathway for photocatalytic CALC oxidation over HEA/CdS. The pseudo-color in-situ DRIFTS plots of HEA/CdS under dark (a) and light (b) conditions. The in-situ DRIFTS spectra of HEA/CdS under dark (c) and light conditions (d). (e) The EPR spectra of HEA/CdS dispersed in CALC solution with or without light irradiation. (f) Schematic illustration for the band structure of CdS QDs and the oxidation potentials of H2, CALC, and CAL.

Fig. 5. Investigation of charge transfer kinetics in CdS and HEA/CdS by fs-TA spectroscopy. Pseudo-color fs-TA plots of CdS (a) and HEA/CdS (b) using a 400-nm pump laser, and fs-TA spectra of CdS (c) and HEA/CdS (d) at given delay times. Normalized fs-TA kinetics at 450 nm (e) and schematics of electron quenching for these two materials (f).

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高熵合金纳米晶体促进光催化析氢耦合肉桂醇选择性氧化

High-entropy alloy nanocrystals boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution coupled with selective oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol

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