联吡啶整合的双恶唑基给体-受体共价有机框架用于增强光催化过氧化氢合成

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64864-9

催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 81: 185-194.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64864-9

联吡啶整合的双恶唑基给体-受体共价有机框架用于增强光催化过氧化氢合成

陆家平^a^,^b^,¹, 林超^a^,^b^,¹, 李超^c^,¹, 石泓杰^a^,^b, 刘能益^a^,^b, 邢万东^a^,^b(), 汪思波^a^,^b(), 张贵刚^a^,^b, 陈藤藤^c(), 陈雄^a^,^b()

^a 福州大学化学学院, 核生化灾害防护化学全国重点实验室, 福建福州 350116
^b 福州大学化学学院, 能源与环境光催化国家重点实验室, 先进碳基功能材料福建省高校重点实验室, 福建福州 350116
^c 香港科技大学化学系, 香港九龙 999077

收稿日期:2025-07-08 接受日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: *电子信箱: xwd@fzu.edu.cn (邢万东),sibowang@fzu.edu.cn (汪思波),tengtengchen@ust.hk (陈藤藤),chenxiong987@fzu.edu.cn (陈雄).
作者简介:¹共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1502100);福建省自然科学基金(2024J01238);国家自然科学基金(22572031);国家自然科学基金(52201006);国家自然科学基金(22172029);以及“111计划”(D16008);香港科技大学启动基金(R9874);青年科学家计划(26311224);香港研究资助局普通研究基金(16312125);中国科学技术协会青年精英科学家资助计划(2023QNRC001);精密与智能化学重点实验室开放课题基金

Bipyridine-integrated bisoxazole-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis

Jiaping Lu^a^,^b^,¹, Chao Lin^a^,^b^,¹, Chao Li^c^,¹, Hongjie Shi^a^,^b, Nengyi Liu^a^,^b, Wandong Xing^a^,^b(), Sibo Wang^a^,^b(), Guigang Zhang^a^,^b, Teng-Teng Chen^c(), Xiong Chen^a^,^b()

^a State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
^b State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon-Based Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
^c Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong (SAR), China

Received:2025-07-08 Accepted:2025-09-15 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: *E-mail: xwd@fzu.edu.cn (W. Xing),sibowang@fzu.edu.cn (S. Wang),tengtengchen@ust.hk (T. Chen),chenxiong987@fzu.edu.cn (X. Chen).
About author:¹ Contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1502100);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J01238);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22572031);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201006);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172029);111 Project(D16008);start-up fund from HKUST(R9874);Early Career Scheme(26311224);General Research Fund from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(16312125);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST)(2023QNRC001);open research fund of Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

过氧化氢(H₂O₂)作为一种环境友好且高效的氧化剂, 其全球需求持续增长. 然而, 工业上主流的蒽醌法制备H₂O₂存在高能耗和严重污染等问题. 光催化技术通过太阳能驱动氧气还原反应实现H₂O₂合成, 代表了一种绿色可持续的替代策略. 在众多光催化剂中, 共价有机框架(COFs)因其可调控的能带结构、高比表面积和规整的孔道结构而备受关注. 然而, COFs中光生载流子复合快和分离效率低的问题制约了其光催化性能. 在COFs骨架中引入给体-受体(D-A)结构可有效抑制载流子复合, 并提升电荷分离效率. 此外, 联吡啶(Bpy)单元以其平面构型和富电子氮原子特性, 能够优化电子结构、扩展光响应范围并提供特定活性位点, 有望进一步提升COFs在光催化H₂O₂合成中的性能.

本研究旨在通过精确的分子设计, 构建新型D-A型COFs光催化剂, 并系统探究不同给体单元(尤其是Bpy单元)对光催化H₂O₂产生性能的调控机制. 选用4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(苯并[1,2-d:4,5-d′]双(恶唑)-2,4,6,8-四基)四苯胺(BBO-NH₂)作为共同的受体单元, 分别与联吡啶-5,5′-二甲醛(Bpy-CHO)和联苯-4,4′-二甲醛(Bph-CHO)通过席夫碱反应, 成功合成两种具有相同受体单元但不同给体模块的结晶性COFs, 分别命名为Bpy-COF和Bph-COF. 结构表征结果表明, 两种COFs均具备高结晶度、良好的热稳定性和介孔结构. 与Bph-COF相比, Bpy-COF得益于Bpy单元较小的分子内二面角, 表现出更高的比表面积和更强的亲水性. 更关键的是, Bpy单元的引入显著拓宽了材料的可见光吸收范围, 缩小了带隙, 并优化了能带位置. 在光催化性能评估中, Bpy-COF在纯水体系和H₂O/苯甲醇(BA)两相体系中的H₂O₂产率分别达1330和2570 μmol h⁻¹ g_cat⁻¹, 远高于Bph-COF, 且其表观量子效率亦更优. 机理分析显示, Bpy-COF具有更低的激子结合能、更长的载流子寿命以及更优异的光电流响应和电荷分离效率, 这些因素协同提升了其光催化活性. 该优势源于Bpy单元增强的π共轭和D-A相互作用, 促进了层内和层间电荷传输. 原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱和密度泛函理论计算进一步揭示了其反应路径: Bph-COF主要遵循两步单电子还原机制(O₂ → ·OOH → H₂O₂), 而Bpy-COF中的Bpy单元因氮原子易质子化, 不仅强化了O₂的吸附, 还能通过形成1,4-内过氧化物中间体, 实现更高效的一步两电子还原路径, 从而确保H₂O₂的高效和高选择性合成.

综上, 本研究通过对比实验, 系统证实了在D-A型COFs中引入联吡啶给体单元的多重益处, 包括优化材料理化性质、促进光生电荷分离与传输, 以及提供独特活性位点等. 该工作为设计合成高性能COF光催化剂提供了新策略和深入的机理洞见. 展望未来, 基于杂原子掺杂的分子工程方法将在开发高效、稳定的光催化H₂O₂合成体系中发挥关键作用.

关键词: 共价有机框架, 给体-受体, 光催化, 生产过氧化氢, 氧还原反应

Abstract:

The deliberate integration and precise arrangement of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties within the crystalline lattices of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a sophisticated strategy to optimize charge separation and electron transfer processes, thereby enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of two novel bisoxazole-based D-A type COFs, designated as Bpy-COF and Bph-COF. These frameworks incorporate identical acceptor units but are distinguished by their unique donor motifs, enabling a comparative evaluation of their structural and functional properties. The results reveal that Bpy-COF, which incorporates bipyridyl (Bpy) donor moieties, exhibits superior photocatalytic H₂O₂ production performance compared to Bph-COF, potentially related to its broader light response range and increased availability of reactive sites. Furthermore, the coplanar and conjugated nature of the Bpy groups facilitates efficient charge separation and migration, thereby accelerating the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction critical to H₂O₂synthesis. This study affirms the effectiveness of manipulating the structural components of COF photocatalysts, propelling new insights for the design and synthesis of high-performance catalysts.

Key words: Covalent organic frameworks, Donor-acceptor, Photocatalysis, H₂O₂ production, Oxygen reduction reaction

陆家平, 林超, 李超, 石泓杰, 刘能益, 邢万东, 汪思波, 张贵刚, 陈藤藤, 陈雄. 联吡啶整合的双恶唑基给体-受体共价有机框架用于增强光催化过氧化氢合成[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 81: 185-194.

Jiaping Lu, Chao Lin, Chao Li, Hongjie Shi, Nengyi Liu, Wandong Xing, Sibo Wang, Guigang Zhang, Teng-Teng Chen, Xiong Chen. Bipyridine-integrated bisoxazole-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 81: 185-194.

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图/表 4

Fig. 1. (a) Synthetic routes for Bpy-COF and Bph-COF. The PXRD profiles of Bpy-COF (b) and Bph-COF (c): experimental (red), Pawley refined (dotted green), the difference (black), the simulated curves for eclipsed AA stacking mode (orange) (Insets are the top view (left) and side view (right) of the AA packing mode of Bpy-COF (b) and Bph-COF (c), Grey: C atoms; blue: N atoms; red: O atoms; white: H atoms).

Fig. 2. (a) UV-vis DRS of COFs in the solid state (insets are the optical images of Bph-COF and Bpy-COF). (b) Band alignments of COFs. (c) The reaction photocatalytic activities of COFs within 1 h. (d) The wavelength-dependent of the AQYs of Bpy-COF. (e) Long-term photocatalytic activities of COFs within a 16-h period. (f) Recycling photocatalytic activity of COFs for four 4-h cycles times (total 16 h).

Fig. 3. Estimated exciton binding energy value (a)s and steady-state photoluminescence spectra (b) of COFs (λex = 475 nm). The complete transient absorption (TA) surface and the corresponding TA spectra at selected pump-probe time delays of Bpy-COF (c) and Bph-COF (d) following 435 nm excitation. The break in the region of 700?900 nm is due to the data being recorded in two separate experiments (450?700 nm and > 900 nm). In-situ DRIFTS acquired over different illumination times for the Bpy-COF (e) and Bph-COF (f) photocatalytic systems (1283?933 cm?1), respectively.

Fig. 4. DFT-calculated Gibbs free energy (ΔG, eV) profiles using implicit solvation models for photocatalytic H2O2 production by two-step single-electron reduction route (a) and one-step two-electron reduction route (b). Proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic H2O2 production by two-step single-electron reduction route (c) and one-step two-electron reduction route (d).

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联吡啶整合的双恶唑基给体-受体共价有机框架用于增强光催化过氧化氢合成

Bipyridine-integrated bisoxazole-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis

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联吡啶整合的双恶唑基给体-受体共价有机框架用于增强光催化过氧化氢合成

Bipyridine-integrated bisoxazole-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis

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Bipyridine-integrated bisoxazole-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis