催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 81: 172-184.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64904-7

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

非贵金属负载共价有机框架构建异质结高效光催化产氢

杨博霖, 靳菲, 靳治良()   

  1. 北方民族大学化学与化学工程学院, 宁夏太阳能化学转化技术重点实验室, 国家民委化工技术基础重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 接受日期:2025-09-04 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: zl-jin@nun.edu.cn (靳治良).
  • 作者简介:1共同第一作者.
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC02046)

Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production by a heterojunction strategy with covalent organic frameworks loaded with non-precious-metal semiconductors

Bolin Yang, Fei Jin, Zhiliang Jin()   

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2025-06-23 Accepted:2025-09-04 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: zl-jin@nun.edu.cn (Z. Jin).
  • About author:1 Contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2023AAC02046)

摘要:

光催化分解水产氢技术是获取绿色清洁能源的途径之一, 开发可持续发展、低成本和高性能的光催化剂是首要任务. 传统的贵金属光催化剂虽表现出优异的催化性能, 但其高昂的价格和稀缺性严重限制了其大规模应用. 非贵金属基催化剂中的过渡金属硫化物具有独特的电子结构和良好的光学性能. 与其他金属硫化物相比, 硫化锰镉由于具有较高的电荷分离效率和合适的能带结构, 成为与COF样品构建异质结的最佳选择. S型异质结具有保留最大的氧化还原能力的优越性, 在异质结设计中被广泛应用. 本研究旨在探索新型的COF催化剂, 通过负载非贵金属构建S型异质结, 以促进光催化产氢效率.

本研究工作采用湿浸渍法合成了TAPT-TFPT-COF/Mn0.2Cd0.8S复合光催化剂. COF是由共价键连接形成的有机晶体材料, 具有较高的比表面积和优良的化学稳定性. 非贵金属和柔性单体的加入使其电荷分离途径和光学性质的优化成为可能. 非贵金属硫化物纳米棒和COF的能带结构相互交错, 形成有效的异质结, 光催化产氢实验表明, 复合催化剂比单催化剂Mn0.2Cd0.8S的析氢能力提高3倍. 复合催化剂性能的增强归因于异质结的构建以及柔性单体在光照下的光热协同动力学作用, 红外热成像分析光热效应并将光能转化为热能. 通过光电化学实验、原位辐照X射线光电子能谱、表面光电压测试和密度泛函理论计算, 阐明了Mn0.2Cd0.8S/COF复合催化剂分解水的产氢机制。首先, Mn0.2Cd0.8S和COF由于费米能级的差异产生空间电荷区, 同时伴随Mn0.2Cd0.8S能带向上弯曲, COF能带向下弯曲。这种电位差驱动电子向COF迁移, 并在Mn0.2Cd0.8S界面形成缺电子区, 产生的内部电场为光生电荷的定向迁移提供驱动力. 在可见光的照射下, Mn0.2Cd0.8S和COF半导体被激发后的电子从价带跃迁到导带. Mn0.2Cd0.8S价带上的空穴与COF导带上的电子在内部电场、库仑力和能带弯曲的驱动下发生复合. 复合材料相互接触后伴随着动态的界面电荷转移, Mn0.2Cd0.8S导带上的电子参与了H+的还原, COF价带上的空穴被牺牲试剂消耗. 通过合理的异质结设计策略, 复合催化剂光捕获能力和表面亲水性的增强, 提高了电荷分离效率. Mn0.2Cd0.8S与COF的紧密集成优化了光生电子利用效率.

综上所述, 席夫碱缩合反应合成的共价有机框架材料与非贵金属硫化物纳米棒集成复合光催化剂. 各种表征分析表明COF中引入柔性单体促进了复合催化剂中活性位点的暴露, 并加速了光生电子的转移. 有机材料与无机半导体的集成为构建高效光催化产氢系统提供了参考.

关键词: S型异质结, 金属硫化物, 光催化析氢, 共价有机骨架, 电荷转移, 内建电场

Abstract:

Rational energy band engineering and the exposure of catalytically active sites critically enhance the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this study, TAPT-TFPT-COF/Mn0.2Cd0.8S composite photocatalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The energy bands of non-precious-metal sulfide nanorods and a covalent organic framework (COF) were interleaved for effective heterojunction construction, enabling a three-fold enhancement in hydrogen evolution compared to that of the pure Mn0.2Cd0.8S catalyst. The enhanced catalyst performance is attributed to the construction of heterojunctions and the synergistic photothermal dynamics of the flexible monomers under illumination, which facilitates localized charge carrier migration. Furthermore, the hydrogen evolution mechanism in the Mn0.2Cd0.8S/COF composites was elucidated through photoelectrochemical experiments, in-situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface photovoltage measurements, and density functional theory. The loaded organic semiconductor materials were combined with non-precious-metal semiconductors to construct S-scheme heterojunctions with increased hydrophilicity, and the tight combination of Mn0.2Cd0.8S and COF optimized the photogenerated electron utilization efficiency.

Key words: S-scheme heterojunction, Metal sulfide, Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Covalent organic frameworks, Charge transfer, Internal electric field