Photocatalytic Cr(VI) elimination over BUC-21/N-K2Ti4O9 composites: Big differences in performance resulting from small differences in composition

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63629-4

Abstract

Abstract:

A series of BUC-21/N-K₂Ti₄O₉ composites (B1NX) were facilely fabricated from BUC-21 and N-K₂Ti₄O₉ via ball-milling, and they were fully characterized using various techniques. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over the B1NX composites was investigated systematically under various conditions, including different light sources, pH values, hole scavengers, and inorganic ions, in both real lake water and tap water. The BUC-21/N-K₂Ti₄O₉ composites demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance, good reusability, and stability under both UV and white light irradiation. The introduction of N-K₂Ti₄O₉ into BUC-21 not only broadened its light absorption region to white light, but also strongly inhibited the recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes. Mechanisms of photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under both UV light and white light were proposed and verified by electrochemical measurements, active species capture experiments, and ESR measurements.

Key words: BUC-21, N-K₂Ti₄O₉, Photocatalysis, Hexavalent chromium, UV and white light

Xun Wang, Yu-Xuan Li, Xiao-Hong Yi, Chen Zhao, Peng Wang, Jiguang Deng, Chong-Chen Wang. Photocatalytic Cr(VI) elimination over BUC-21/N-K₂Ti₄O₉ composites: Big differences in performance resulting from small differences in composition[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(2): 259-270.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63629-4

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I2/259

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1 Ratios of BUC-21 and N-K2Ti4O9 used to prepare the BUC-21/N-K2Ti4O9 composites.

No.	BUC-21/mg	N-K₂Ti₄O₉/mg	Code name
1 2 3 4 5 6	166.7 133.3 100 66.7 50 40	33.3 66.6 100 133.3 150 160	B1N0.2 B1N0.5 B1N1 B1N2 B1N3 B1N4

Fig. 1. (a) PXRD patterns and (b) FTIR spectra of BUC-21, N-K2Ti4O9, and the series of B1NX composites.

Fig. 2. TEM images of (a) pristine BUC-21, (b) pristine N-K2Ti4O9, (c) B1N0.5, and (d) B1N3.

Fig. 3. EDS elemental mappings of (a) B1N0.5 and (b) B1N3.

Fig. 4. HRTEM images of (a) B1N0.5 and (b) B1N3.

Fig. 5. (a) XPS survey spectrum, (b) Zn 2p spectrum, (c) Ti 2p spectrum, (d) O 1s spectrum, and (e) N 1s spectrum of B1N0.5.

Fig. 6. (a) XPS survey spectrum, (b) Zn 2p spectrum, (c) Ti 2p spectrum, (d) O 1s spectrum, and (e) N 1s spectrum of B1N3.

Fig. 7. (a) UV-vis DRS spectra and (b) Eg plots of BUC-21, N-K2Ti4O9, and the series of B1NX composites.

Fig. 8. (a) and (d) Photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of BUC-21, N-K2Ti4O9, and the B1NX composites under UV and white light irradiation, respectively. (b) and (e) Reaction rate constants (k) of the different photocatalysts. (c) and (f) Effect of the initial pH on Cr(VI) removal under UV and white light irradiation, respectively. Conditions: photocatalyst = 0.175 g L-1, Cr(VI) = 10 mg L-1, 200 mL, pH = 2.0.

Fig. 9. (a) and (c) Photocatalytic Cr(VI) elimination over B1N0.5 and B1N3 in the presence of various hole scavengers under UV and white light irradiation, respectively. (b) and (d) Influence of water quality on Cr(VI) removal over B1N0.5 and B1N3. Conditions: Photocatalyst = 0.175 g L-1, Cr(VI) = 10 mg L-1, 200 mL, pH = 2.0.

Fig. 10. (a) and (c) Reusability of B1N0.5 and B1N3 for the reduction of Cr(VI). (b) and (d) PXRD patterns of B1N0.5 and B1N3 before and after the five reactions.

Fig. 11. AQE of Cr(VI) reduction over B1N0.5 (a) and B1N3 (b) under monochromatic light of various wavelengths and the corresponding column chart (c).

Fig. 12. ESR spectra of ?O2- in aqueous dispersions over BUC-21 (a), N-K2Ti4O9 (b), and B1N0.5 (c) under UV irradiation and over BUC-21 (d), N-K2Ti4O9 (e), and B1N3 (f) under white light irradiation.

Fig. 13. (a) Effects of various capture agents on the reduction of Cr(VI) over (a) B1N0.5 and (b) B1N3. (c) Valence band XPS spectra of N-K2Ti4O9. (d) Proposed mechanism of photocatalytic Cr(VI) elimination over BUC-21/N-K2Ti4O9.

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Photocatalytic Cr(VI) elimination over BUC-21/N-K₂Ti₄O₉ composites: Big differences in performance resulting from small differences in composition

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