Recent advances in VOCs and CO removal via photothermal synergistic catalysis

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63721-4

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently, air pollution is being exacerbated by rapid social, economic, and industrial development. Major air pollutants include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO. Photocatalytic and thermocatalytic technology can be used to convert VOCs and CO into harmless gases effectively. Recently, photothermal synergistic catalysis has aroused much attention because of its higher performance than those of individual photocatalytic and thermocatalytic processes. There have been many reviews on separate photocatalysts and thermocatalysts for the treatment of VOCs and CO, but few reviews have focused on photothermal synergistic catalysis. In this minireview, we concentrate on recent progress into photothermal synergistic catalysis for the efficient removal of VOCs and CO. The treatment of typical VOCs (such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetone, propylene, and propane) and CO are summarized and analyzed. Furthermore, we discuss the use of conventional reactor technology, such as fixed-bed quartz reactors, for VOCs and CO removal. We also discuss the mechanism of the photothermal synergistic catalytic removal of VOCs and CO. Finally, we present perspectives for the photothermal synergistic catalytic removal of VOCs and CO.

Key words: Volatile organic compounds, Carbon monoxide, Photocatalysis, Thermocatalysis, Photothermal synergistic catalysis

Longfu Wei, Changlin Yu, Kai Yang, Qizhe Fan, Hongbing Ji. Recent advances in VOCs and CO removal via photothermal synergistic catalysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(7): 1078-1095.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63721-4

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I7/1078

Figures/Tables 25

Fig. 1. Types of synergistic photothermocatalysts. (a) A coupled photocatalyst and thermocatalyst; (b) A dual-function catalyst.

Fig. 2. Schematic of a typical photothermal synergistic catalytic setup. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society.

Table 1 Summary and comparison of the performance of photocatalytic (PC), thermocatalytic (TC), and PTC degradation of VOCs.

Catalyst	VOCs		Light source			PC activity					TC activity						PTC activity							Ref.
Catalyst	VOCs		Light source			T/°C		t/min		C/%	T/°C		t/min		C/%		T/°C			t/min		C/%		Ref.
Anatase TiO₂ {001}	benzene		Hg			RT		65		42	—		—		—		290			65		78		[70]
Rutile TiO₂	benzene		UV			RT		160		50	280		160		18		280			160		70		[71]
TiO₂	benzene		UV			40		60		40	240		60		15		240			60		100		[72]
0.1 wt% Pt/TiO₂	benzene		UV			—		—		—	240		60		89		240			30		100		[72]
TiO₂	benzene		fluorescent black light bulb			—		—		—	140		300		30		140			300		86		[73]
0.1 wt% Pt/TiO₂	benzene		fluorescent black light bulb			—		—		—	70		120		8		70			120		100		[73]
Zr-doped Pt/TiO₂	benzene		UV			50		150		65	200		150		43		200			150		97		[74]
Pt-loaded TiO₂/ZrO₂	benzene		Germicidal lamps			—		—		—	—		—		—		150			960		100		[75]
MnO₂	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		—			30		100		[77]
Co₃O₄	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		—			40		100		[86]
Mn_xFeO_y-70	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		244			25		100		[87]
Catalyst		VOCs		Light source	PC activity							TC activity						PTC activity					Ref.
Catalyst		VOCs		Light source	T/°C		t/min		C/%			T/°C		t/min		C/%		T/°C	t/min		C/%		Ref.
Pt/CeO₂-MM		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	25		100		[91]
Pt/BiVO₄/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	30		—		8			80		—		28		80	—		100		[92]
Pt/LaVO₄/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	30		—		12			70		—		20		70	—		100		[94]
Pt-TiO₂/CeO₂-MnO₂		benzene		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	600		94.5		[95]
Pt-TiO₂/Ce-MnO_x		benzene		germicidal lamps	—		—		—			—		—		—		180	720		100		[96]
TiO₂/CeO₂		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	60		82		[63]
Co₃O₄/TiO₂		benzene		UV-vis-IR	RT		40		48			240		40		80		—	40		95		[97]
MnO_x/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	40		40		81			300		40		50		—	40		96.5		[98]
CeMn_xO_y/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	40		—		—			—		—		—		250	20		100		[99]
OMS-2		benzene		Xe	RT		25		18			—		—		—		—	30		100		[100]
Mg-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			202		—		50		220	30		97.2		[101]
Fe-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			224		—		50		217	30		98.8		[102]
Ce-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	RT		20		0			180		—		70		—	20		100		[103]
CeO₂/OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			180		—		10		—	20		60		[103]
OMS-2/SnO₂		benzene		UV-vis-IR	—		—		—			225		—		50		—	60		88		[104]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		90	360		>95		[105]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		toluene		Xe	RT		120		50			90		120		14		90	120		85		[105]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		xylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		90	360		>95		[105]
Pd-CeO₂		toluene		Xe	177		—		50			222		—		50		227	—		82		[106]
Pt/γ-Al₂O₃		toluene		simulated sunlight	—		—		—			—		—		—		165	20		87		[107]
Mn, Ce and Co oxides/Al₂O₃		toluene		UV	—		—		—			250		300		61		250	300		84		[108]
SiO₂@Pt@ZrO₂		toluene		Xe	RT		60		18			150		60		80		150	60		100		[110]
Pd-Ag@CeO₂		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			130		—		50		88	—		50		[111]
Ag₃PO₄/Ag/SrTiO₃		toluene		Xe	RT		360		90			90		180		13		90	180		92		[112]
Pt-La₂O₃/TiO₂		toluene		Xe	25		—		85			150		—		25		150	—		100		[113]
Pt-rGO-TiO₂		toluene		IR light	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		95		[114]
Pt-Na/TiO₂		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			150		—		31		150	—		82		[115]
Ce-OMS-2		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[103]
CeO₂/LaMnO₃		toluene		IR light	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		89		[116]
NiCo₂O₄		toluene		simulated sunlight	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		93		[117]
LaSmMnNiO₆		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		275	—		100		[118]
Au/TiO₂		ethanol		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[119]
Pt/TiO₂		ethanol		UV	—		—		—			200		—		18		200	—		100		[120]
MnO_x-CeO₂		formaldehyde		Xe	25		180		42.3			75		180		27.1		75	180		90.4		[121]
MnO_x/Co₃O₄		formaldehyde		Xe	25		180		20			80		180		36		80	180		84		[122]
graphene/MnO₂		formaldehyde		Xe	—		—		—			—		40		80		—	40		88		[123]
BiOI		formaldehyde		Xe	RT		45		70			60		45		37.8		60	45		88.9		[124]
Pt-TiO₂/SiO₂		formaldehyde		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		107	300		100		[125]
Cr_xO/TiO₂		acetaldehyde		blue LED	—		—		—			—		—		—		60	120		100		[126]
WO_3-_x		acetaldehyde		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		60	80		100		[127]
OMS-2		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[100]
Ce-OMS-2		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[103]
Pt/CeO₂-MM		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	20		95		[91]
nano ZnO		acetone		Hg	—		—		—			—		—		—		240	—		100		[129]
Pt/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		34		90	—		100		[120]
Pd/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		19.2		90	—		100		[130]
Au/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		4.5		90	—		94.9		[130]
SS-Co₃O₄		propylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	10		100		[131]
SS-Co₃O₄		propane		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	15		100		[131]
manganese oxide		propylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		205	—		90		[132]
manganese oxide		propane		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		263	—		90		[132]
Pt/TiO₂-WO₃		propane		UV/Vis	—		—		—			324		—		70		90	—		70		[133]
PtCu/CeO₂		n-pentane		Xe	30		120		5			400		120		80		400	120		95		[134]
LaMnO₃		styrene		Xe	RT		40		25			140		40		68		140	40		96.6		[135]

Table 1 Summary and comparison of the performance of photocatalytic (PC), thermocatalytic (TC), and PTC degradation of VOCs.

Catalyst	VOCs		Light source			PC activity					TC activity						PTC activity							Ref.
Catalyst	VOCs		Light source			T/°C		t/min		C/%	T/°C		t/min		C/%		T/°C			t/min		C/%		Ref.
Anatase TiO₂ {001}	benzene		Hg			RT		65		42	—		—		—		290			65		78		[70]
Rutile TiO₂	benzene		UV			RT		160		50	280		160		18		280			160		70		[71]
TiO₂	benzene		UV			40		60		40	240		60		15		240			60		100		[72]
0.1 wt% Pt/TiO₂	benzene		UV			—		—		—	240		60		89		240			30		100		[72]
TiO₂	benzene		fluorescent black light bulb			—		—		—	140		300		30		140			300		86		[73]
0.1 wt% Pt/TiO₂	benzene		fluorescent black light bulb			—		—		—	70		120		8		70			120		100		[73]
Zr-doped Pt/TiO₂	benzene		UV			50		150		65	200		150		43		200			150		97		[74]
Pt-loaded TiO₂/ZrO₂	benzene		Germicidal lamps			—		—		—	—		—		—		150			960		100		[75]
MnO₂	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		—			30		100		[77]
Co₃O₄	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		—			40		100		[86]
Mn_xFeO_y-70	benzene		Xe			—		—		—	—		—		—		244			25		100		[87]
Catalyst		VOCs		Light source	PC activity							TC activity						PTC activity					Ref.
Catalyst		VOCs		Light source	T/°C		t/min		C/%			T/°C		t/min		C/%		T/°C	t/min		C/%		Ref.
Pt/CeO₂-MM		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	25		100		[91]
Pt/BiVO₄/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	30		—		8			80		—		28		80	—		100		[92]
Pt/LaVO₄/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	30		—		12			70		—		20		70	—		100		[94]
Pt-TiO₂/CeO₂-MnO₂		benzene		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	600		94.5		[95]
Pt-TiO₂/Ce-MnO_x		benzene		germicidal lamps	—		—		—			—		—		—		180	720		100		[96]
TiO₂/CeO₂		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	60		82		[63]
Co₃O₄/TiO₂		benzene		UV-vis-IR	RT		40		48			240		40		80		—	40		95		[97]
MnO_x/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	40		40		81			300		40		50		—	40		96.5		[98]
CeMn_xO_y/TiO₂		benzene		Xe	40		—		—			—		—		—		250	20		100		[99]
OMS-2		benzene		Xe	RT		25		18			—		—		—		—	30		100		[100]
Mg-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			202		—		50		220	30		97.2		[101]
Fe-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			224		—		50		217	30		98.8		[102]
Ce-OMS-2		benzene		Xe	RT		20		0			180		—		70		—	20		100		[103]
CeO₂/OMS-2		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			180		—		10		—	20		60		[103]
OMS-2/SnO₂		benzene		UV-vis-IR	—		—		—			225		—		50		—	60		88		[104]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		benzene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		90	360		>95		[105]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		toluene		Xe	RT		120		50			90		120		14		90	120		85		[105]
Ag/F-SrTiO₃		xylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		90	360		>95		[105]
Pd-CeO₂		toluene		Xe	177		—		50			222		—		50		227	—		82		[106]
Pt/γ-Al₂O₃		toluene		simulated sunlight	—		—		—			—		—		—		165	20		87		[107]
Mn, Ce and Co oxides/Al₂O₃		toluene		UV	—		—		—			250		300		61		250	300		84		[108]
SiO₂@Pt@ZrO₂		toluene		Xe	RT		60		18			150		60		80		150	60		100		[110]
Pd-Ag@CeO₂		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			130		—		50		88	—		50		[111]
Ag₃PO₄/Ag/SrTiO₃		toluene		Xe	RT		360		90			90		180		13		90	180		92		[112]
Pt-La₂O₃/TiO₂		toluene		Xe	25		—		85			150		—		25		150	—		100		[113]
Pt-rGO-TiO₂		toluene		IR light	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		95		[114]
Pt-Na/TiO₂		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			150		—		31		150	—		82		[115]
Ce-OMS-2		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[103]
CeO₂/LaMnO₃		toluene		IR light	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		89		[116]
NiCo₂O₄		toluene		simulated sunlight	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		93		[117]
LaSmMnNiO₆		toluene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		275	—		100		[118]
Au/TiO₂		ethanol		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[119]
Pt/TiO₂		ethanol		UV	—		—		—			200		—		18		200	—		100		[120]
MnO_x-CeO₂		formaldehyde		Xe	25		180		42.3			75		180		27.1		75	180		90.4		[121]
MnO_x/Co₃O₄		formaldehyde		Xe	25		180		20			80		180		36		80	180		84		[122]
graphene/MnO₂		formaldehyde		Xe	—		—		—			—		40		80		—	40		88		[123]
BiOI		formaldehyde		Xe	RT		45		70			60		45		37.8		60	45		88.9		[124]
Pt-TiO₂/SiO₂		formaldehyde		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		107	300		100		[125]
Cr_xO/TiO₂		acetaldehyde		blue LED	—		—		—			—		—		—		60	120		100		[126]
WO_3-_x		acetaldehyde		UV	—		—		—			—		—		—		60	80		100		[127]
OMS-2		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[100]
Ce-OMS-2		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	—		—		[103]
Pt/CeO₂-MM		acetone		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	20		95		[91]
nano ZnO		acetone		Hg	—		—		—			—		—		—		240	—		100		[129]
Pt/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		34		90	—		100		[120]
Pd/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		19.2		90	—		100		[130]
Au/TiO₂/Silica		ethylene		UV	—		—		—			90		—		4.5		90	—		94.9		[130]
SS-Co₃O₄		propylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	10		100		[131]
SS-Co₃O₄		propane		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		—	15		100		[131]
manganese oxide		propylene		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		205	—		90		[132]
manganese oxide		propane		Xe	—		—		—			—		—		—		263	—		90		[132]
Pt/TiO₂-WO₃		propane		UV/Vis	—		—		—			324		—		70		90	—		70		[133]
PtCu/CeO₂		n-pentane		Xe	30		120		5			400		120		80		400	120		95		[134]
LaMnO₃		styrene		Xe	RT		40		25			140		40		68		140	40		96.6		[135]

Fig. 3. (a) Change in benzene concentration with time; (b) CO2 production rate from benzene in photocatalytic, thermocatalytic, and photothermocatalytic systems. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright (2016) Elsevier.

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy images (a,b) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image (c) of R-MnO2-HS; (d) CO2 concentration and benzene conversion (concentration/initial concentration (C/C0)) over R-MnO2-HS and TiO2 (P25) catalysts under full solar spectrum irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 6. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for benzene oxidation on the Pt/LaVO4/TiO2 catalyst.

Fig. 7. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for benzene oxidation over TiO2/CeO2 (a) and Co3O4/TiO2 (b) catalysts. (a) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society; (b) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 8. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis over the OMS-2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright (2015) Elsevier.

Fig. 9. (a) UV-vis absorption spectra of the catalysts; (b) Schematic illustration of photothermal synergistic catalysis for VOCs on Ag/F-codoped SrTiO3 catalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [105]. Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 10. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for VOCs degradation over a Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 11. (a) Synthesis of core/shell SiO2@Pt@ZrO2 nanostructures; (b) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the SiO2@Pt@ZrO2 catalyst; (c) Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis over the SiO2@Pt@ZrO2 catalyst for VOCs removal. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [110]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 12. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalytic VOCs degradation over the Ag3PO4/Ag/SrTiO3 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [112]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 13. Schematic of the photothermal synergistic catalytic degradation of VOCs over the Pt-rGO-TiO2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright (2018) Elsevier.

Fig. 14. (a) UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy spectra of the prepared samples; (b) Toluene conversion over the ACo2O4 catalysts under simulated sunlight irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright (2019) Elsevier.

Fig. 15. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for ethanol oxidation over the Au/TiO2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [119]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 16. (a) Change in CO2 concentration during the photothermocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde over CoxMny catalysts at 40 °C; (b) Formaldehyde degradation rates under different reaction conditions over Co1Mn1 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [122]. Copyright (2016) Elsevier.

Fig. 17. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for ethanol oxidation on the WO3-x catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [127]. Copyright (2017) Elsevier.

Fig. 18. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for VOCs oxidation on the PtCu/CeO2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [134]. Copyright (2019) Elsevier.

Fig. 19. Electron transfer and Fermi level of the Au/TiO2-C3N4 catalyst under visible light irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [140]. Copyright (2016) Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 20. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalysis for CO methanation on Ru/TiO2 catalyst under the UV light irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [142]. Copyright (2014) Elsevier.

Fig. 21. Schematic of photothermal synergistic catalytic FTS on the Ru/graphene catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright (2015) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 22. Reaction route for photothermal synergistic catalytic CO oxidation over the Pd/CeO2 catalyst under visible light illumination. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [106]. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society.

Fig. 23. Scheme 1. Applications of photothermal synergistic catalysis for the efficient removal of VOCs. PTC: photothermal synergistic catalysis.

Fig. 24. Scheme 2. Applications of photothermal synergistic catalysis for efficient removal of CO.

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