Overcoming coke formation in high-temperature CO2 electrolysis

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64120-2

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 2938-2945.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64120-2

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Overcoming coke formation in high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis

Tongbao Wang^a, Guangtai Han^a, Ziyun Wang^b^,^#(), Yuhang Wang^a^,^*()

^aInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
^bSchool of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

Received:2022-04-29 Accepted:2022-05-31 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2022-10-18
Contact: Ziyun Wang, Yuhang Wang
About author:Ziyun Wang (The University of Auckland) received his B.Sc. degree from East China University of Science and Technology (China) in 2012, and Ph.D. degree from the Queen’s University of Belfast (United Kingdom) in 2015. He carried out postdoctoral research at Stanford University with Prof. Jens Nørskov and University of Toronto with Prof. Edward Sargent. In 2021, he joined the School of Chemical Sciences, the University of Auckland as a Lecturer. His research interests mainly focus on computational chemistry method development and their application on CO2 electrochemical reduction. He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed papers in top journals such as Nature, Nature Energy, Nature Catalysis, Nature Communications, Journal of the American Chemical Society, etc.
Yuhang Wang is a Professor at the Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University. He received his B.Sc. degree from Northwest University (China) in 2012, and Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Fudan University in 2017 under the supervision of Prof. Gengfeng Zheng. He then worked as a postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Edward Sargent at the University of Toronto from 2017 to 2020. Yuhang Wang is the recipient of Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors (2022), and is currently a Youth Editorial Board Member of SmartMat, Wiley and an Early Career Researcher Editorial Board Member of Materials Today Sustainability, Elsevier. His research interest includes CO₂ electroreduction, ammonia electrosynthesis, and electrocatalytic reactor engineering.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(2219088);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20210699)

Abstract

Abstract:

High-temperature CO₂ reduction reaction (HT-CO₂RR) in solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOECs) features near-unity selectivity, high energy efficiency, and industrial relevant current density for the production of CO, a widely-utilized “building block” in today’s chemical industry. Thus, it offers an intriguing and promising means to radically change the way of chemical manufacturing and achieve carbon neutrality using renewable energy sources, CO₂, and water. Albeit with the great potential of HT-CO₂RR, this carbon utilization approach, unfortunately, has been suffering coke formation that is seriously detrimental to its energy efficiency and operating lifetime. In recent years, much effort has been added to understanding the mechanism of coke formation, managing reaction conditions to mitigate coke formation, and devising coke-formation-free electrode materials. These investigations have substantially advanced the HT-CO₂RR toward a practical industrial technology, but the resulting coke formation prevention strategies compromise activity and energy efficiency. Future research may target exploiting the control over both catalyst design and system design to gain selectivity, energy efficiency, and stability synchronously. Therefore, this perspective overviews the progress of research on coke formation in HT-CO₂RR, and elaborates on possible future directions that may accelerate its practical implementation at a large scale.

Key words: High-temperature CO₂ electroreduction, Solid oxide electrochemical cell, Coke formation, Boudouard reaction, Stability

Tongbao Wang, Guangtai Han, Ziyun Wang, Yuhang Wang. Overcoming coke formation in high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(12): 2938-2945.

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Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1. A schematic illustration outlining the focus of this perspective. The mechanisms of coke formation in HT-CO2RR, current anti-coking strategies, and future research directions were covered.

Fig. 2. The mechanisms of coke formation in HT-CO2RR. (a) The elementary steps of the Boudouard reaction. (b) An illustration of coke formation catalyzed by the oxygen conductive materials (e.g., YSZ). (c) The relationship between CO2/CO diffusion and coke formation activity.

Fig. 3. Electron conductive materials for anti-coking HT-CO2RR. (a) The Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relation of CO dissociation on various metal surfaces. ΔE and Ea are the reaction and activation energy for CO dissociation, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 46. Copyright 2019, the American Chemical Society (CC-BY-NC-ND license). Supporting information is available in the online version of this article. (b) HT-CO2RR via a carbonate intermediate on perovskite oxide materials. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 25. Copyright 2017, the American Chemical Society (CC-BY license). Supporting information is available in the online version of this article.

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Overcoming coke formation in high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis

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