Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 694-709.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63699-3
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiaoyan Liua,b, Guojun Lana,*(
), Zhenqing Lia, Lihua Qiana, Jian Liub,c, Ying Lia,#()
Received:2020-05-27
Accepted:2020-05-27
Online:2021-05-18
Published:2021-01-29
Contact:
Guojun Lan,Ying Li
About author:# Tel: +86-571-88320766; Fax: +86-571-88320259; E-mail: liying@zjut.edu.cnSupported by:Xiaoyan Liu, Guojun Lan, Zhenqing Li, Lihua Qian, Jian Liu, Ying Li. Stabilization of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts for the aqueous-phase reactions of renewable feedstocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(5): 694-709.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63699-3
Fig. 1. (a) Conversion of BA over Ru/FDU catalyst as a function of the solvent composition (water/hexane). (b) Adsorption free energies of BA on the pure and water-mediated Ru (0001) surfaces. (c) DFT-calculated reaction paths of the BA hydrogenation on the water-mediated (red) and pure (black) Ru (0001) surfaces. During the first hydrogenation step on the water-mediate surface, one H* atom is consumed from the adsorbed H2O. The insets display the atomic structures of the reaction intermediates. The red, grey, white, and dark cyan spheres represent O, C, H, and Ru atoms, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 1. (a) Conversion of BA over Ru/FDU catalyst as a function of the solvent composition (water/hexane). (b) Adsorption free energies of BA on the pure and water-mediated Ru (0001) surfaces. (c) DFT-calculated reaction paths of the BA hydrogenation on the water-mediated (red) and pure (black) Ru (0001) surfaces. During the first hydrogenation step on the water-mediate surface, one H* atom is consumed from the adsorbed H2O. The insets display the atomic structures of the reaction intermediates. The red, grey, white, and dark cyan spheres represent O, C, H, and Ru atoms, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 2. (a) A scheme describing the carbon pre-treatment with surface oxygen groups by the two-step liquid oxidation method. SFG and SA denote the concentration of SFGs and surface area, respectively. (b) Dispersion of Ru NPs in Ru/AC-x as a function of the total concentration of acidic SFGs on the AC surface. (c) Benzene conversion as a function of the reaction time for Ru/AC-x. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [83]. Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 2. (a) A scheme describing the carbon pre-treatment with surface oxygen groups by the two-step liquid oxidation method. SFG and SA denote the concentration of SFGs and surface area, respectively. (b) Dispersion of Ru NPs in Ru/AC-x as a function of the total concentration of acidic SFGs on the AC surface. (c) Benzene conversion as a function of the reaction time for Ru/AC-x. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [83]. Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of Pd/NHPC-NH2 catalyst. (b) High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) (inset) images of Pd/NHPC-NH2. (c) Pd 3d X-ray photoelectron spectra of Pd/NHPC-NH2 (a, top) and Pd/NHPC (b, medium) catalysts. (d) A possible reaction pathway for the dehydrogenation of formic acid over Pd/NHPC-NH2. (e) Recyclability of Pd/NHPC-NH2 catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. Reaction conditions: 1.0 M of formic acid, 2.5 mL, nPd/nFA = 0.01, 25 °C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of Pd/NHPC-NH2 catalyst. (b) High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) (inset) images of Pd/NHPC-NH2. (c) Pd 3d X-ray photoelectron spectra of Pd/NHPC-NH2 (a, top) and Pd/NHPC (b, medium) catalysts. (d) A possible reaction pathway for the dehydrogenation of formic acid over Pd/NHPC-NH2. (e) Recyclability of Pd/NHPC-NH2 catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. Reaction conditions: 1.0 M of formic acid, 2.5 mL, nPd/nFA = 0.01, 25 °C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 4. (a) A nitrogen-doped carbon support for metal sites. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (b) Schematic illustration of the synthesis route for the ordered mesoporous Fe1/N-C catalyst. (c) An SEM image, an aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM image, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps of Fe1/N-C catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (d) An HAADF-STEM image of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs. The Co clusters and single atoms are marked with the yellow and red circles, respectively. (e) Catalytic performance of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs during quionline hydrogenation. Reaction conditions: 5 mg of catalyst, 0.5 mmol of quionline, 5 mL of ethanol, 100 °C, 2 MPa H2 pressure. (f) Reusability of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs-L catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (g) Schematic illustration of the fabricated Ru/N-CS-850 catalyst. (i,j) TEM and HRTEM images of Ru/N-CS-850. (k) Reusability of Ru/N-CS-850 catalyst during the hydrogenation of levulinic acid. Reaction conditions: 18 mg of catalyst, 17.8 mmol of levulinic acid, 20 mL of water, 70 °C, 4 MPa H2 pressure, 1 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
Fig. 4. (a) A nitrogen-doped carbon support for metal sites. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (b) Schematic illustration of the synthesis route for the ordered mesoporous Fe1/N-C catalyst. (c) An SEM image, an aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM image, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps of Fe1/N-C catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (d) An HAADF-STEM image of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs. The Co clusters and single atoms are marked with the yellow and red circles, respectively. (e) Catalytic performance of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs during quionline hydrogenation. Reaction conditions: 5 mg of catalyst, 0.5 mmol of quionline, 5 mL of ethanol, 100 °C, 2 MPa H2 pressure. (f) Reusability of Co single atoms/AC@N-CNTs-L catalyst. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. (g) Schematic illustration of the fabricated Ru/N-CS-850 catalyst. (i,j) TEM and HRTEM images of Ru/N-CS-850. (k) Reusability of Ru/N-CS-850 catalyst during the hydrogenation of levulinic acid. Reaction conditions: 18 mg of catalyst, 17.8 mmol of levulinic acid, 20 mL of water, 70 °C, 4 MPa H2 pressure, 1 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
Fig. 5. MNPs confined in long channels. The image of CNTs is reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright 2015, Oxford University Press. The image of SBA-15 is reproduced with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Fig. 5. MNPs confined in long channels. The image of CNTs is reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright 2015, Oxford University Press. The image of SBA-15 is reproduced with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Fig. 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hollow yolk-shell YS-Au@HMCs nanoreactors. (b) Reusability of YS-Au@HMCs catalysts for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (c) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of yolk-shell-structured Pd&ZnO@carbon catalyst. The blue, purple, yellow, green, and gray colors refer to ZIF-8, the polymer layer, MNPs, ZnO particles, and the carbon layer, respectively. (d) TEM, HAADF-STEM, and elemental mapping images of Pd&Zn@carbon. (e-f) Catalytic performance and reusability of Pd&Zn@carbon, Pd/ZnO, and Pd/C catalysts utilized for phenylacetylene hydrogenation. Reaction conditions: 30 °C, 60 min, 20 mg of catalyst, 1 bar H2, 2.9 mmol of substrate, 25 mL of ethanol solvent. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 6. (a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of hollow yolk-shell YS-Au@HMCs nanoreactors. (b) Reusability of YS-Au@HMCs catalysts for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (c) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of yolk-shell-structured Pd&ZnO@carbon catalyst. The blue, purple, yellow, green, and gray colors refer to ZIF-8, the polymer layer, MNPs, ZnO particles, and the carbon layer, respectively. (d) TEM, HAADF-STEM, and elemental mapping images of Pd&Zn@carbon. (e-f) Catalytic performance and reusability of Pd&Zn@carbon, Pd/ZnO, and Pd/C catalysts utilized for phenylacetylene hydrogenation. Reaction conditions: 30 °C, 60 min, 20 mg of catalyst, 1 bar H2, 2.9 mmol of substrate, 25 mL of ethanol solvent. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 7. Schematic diagrams of the “overcoat”-type encapsulated catalysts. Reproduced with permission from Refs. [39] and [107]. Copyright 2016/2018, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 7. Schematic diagrams of the “overcoat”-type encapsulated catalysts. Reproduced with permission from Refs. [39] and [107]. Copyright 2016/2018, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 8. (a) Illustration of the catalyst preparation procedure. (b,c) TEM images of CNF30@Ni@CNT catalyst. (d) Results of the catalyst reuse study conducted for the reductive aminantion of levulinic acid with benzyl amine over CNF30@Ni@CNT (black), Ni@CNT (red), and Ni/C (green) catalysts. Reaction conditions: 10 mmol of levulinic acid, 10 mmol of benzyl amine, 0.03 g of catalyst, 10 wt% of Ni, 4 mL of gamma-valerolactone solvent, 3.0 MPa H2, 130 °C, and 4 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [104]. Copyright 2017, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 8. (a) Illustration of the catalyst preparation procedure. (b,c) TEM images of CNF30@Ni@CNT catalyst. (d) Results of the catalyst reuse study conducted for the reductive aminantion of levulinic acid with benzyl amine over CNF30@Ni@CNT (black), Ni@CNT (red), and Ni/C (green) catalysts. Reaction conditions: 10 mmol of levulinic acid, 10 mmol of benzyl amine, 0.03 g of catalyst, 10 wt% of Ni, 4 mL of gamma-valerolactone solvent, 3.0 MPa H2, 130 °C, and 4 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [104]. Copyright 2017, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 9. (a-c) Schematic illustration and TEM images describing the formation of carbon-embedded metal spheres. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [76]. (d,e) Schematic illustration and TEM image describing for formation of the carbon-embedded MNPs. Carbon precursor: chitosan. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [110]. Copyright 2018, American Chemistry Society. (f) Schematic illustration of the formation of Ru spheres semi-embedded in mesoporous carbon (Ru-MC). (g) Reusability of Ru-MC catalyst for levulinic acid conversion. TEM images of the (h) fresh and (i) used Ru-MC catalysts. Reaction conditions: 17.8 mmol of levulinic acid, 18 mg of catalyst (2 wt%), 70 °C, 4 MPa H2, 1 h, 20 mL water solvent. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [111]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Fig. 9. (a-c) Schematic illustration and TEM images describing the formation of carbon-embedded metal spheres. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [76]. (d,e) Schematic illustration and TEM image describing for formation of the carbon-embedded MNPs. Carbon precursor: chitosan. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [110]. Copyright 2018, American Chemistry Society. (f) Schematic illustration of the formation of Ru spheres semi-embedded in mesoporous carbon (Ru-MC). (g) Reusability of Ru-MC catalyst for levulinic acid conversion. TEM images of the (h) fresh and (i) used Ru-MC catalysts. Reaction conditions: 17.8 mmol of levulinic acid, 18 mg of catalyst (2 wt%), 70 °C, 4 MPa H2, 1 h, 20 mL water solvent. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [111]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Fig. 10. Adjustments performed for the partial embedment of Ru NPs into the carbon framework of Ru-OMC catalysts. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 10. Adjustments performed for the partial embedment of Ru NPs into the carbon framework of Ru-OMC catalysts. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 11. Schematic overview of the MNP confinement strategy.
Fig. 11. Schematic overview of the MNP confinement strategy.
Fig. 12. (a) Schematic of the Co/ZrLa0.2Ox structure. (b) Effect of recycling on the catalytic performance of Co/ZrLa0.2Ox. Reaction conditions: 100 mg of furfural, 50 mg of Co/ZrLa0.2Ox in 10 mL of water, 40 °C, 2 MPa H2, 10 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2018, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 12. (a) Schematic of the Co/ZrLa0.2Ox structure. (b) Effect of recycling on the catalytic performance of Co/ZrLa0.2Ox. Reaction conditions: 100 mg of furfural, 50 mg of Co/ZrLa0.2Ox in 10 mL of water, 40 °C, 2 MPa H2, 10 h. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2018, American Chemistry Society.
Fig. 13. (a) Preparation of the graphitic carbon/oxide composite (gc-γ-Al2O3) by chemical vapor deposition. (b) An optical micrograph of the gc-γ-Al2O3 sample. (c) A Raman spectroscopy map of the region marked by the box in panel (b). (d) Relative SAs, total pore volumes, and average particle sizes of the γ-Al2O3 and gc-γ-Al2O3 catalysts before and after the hydrothermal treatment (expressed in %). (e) Specific propylene glycol formation rates plotted as functions of the time on stream for the two Ru catalysts (5 wt% Ru) during the liquid-phase hydrogenation of lactic acid to propylene glycol at a temperature of 120 °C and H2 pressure of 500 psi (5 wt% lactic acid/H2O). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [121]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 13. (a) Preparation of the graphitic carbon/oxide composite (gc-γ-Al2O3) by chemical vapor deposition. (b) An optical micrograph of the gc-γ-Al2O3 sample. (c) A Raman spectroscopy map of the region marked by the box in panel (b). (d) Relative SAs, total pore volumes, and average particle sizes of the γ-Al2O3 and gc-γ-Al2O3 catalysts before and after the hydrothermal treatment (expressed in %). (e) Specific propylene glycol formation rates plotted as functions of the time on stream for the two Ru catalysts (5 wt% Ru) during the liquid-phase hydrogenation of lactic acid to propylene glycol at a temperature of 120 °C and H2 pressure of 500 psi (5 wt% lactic acid/H2O). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [121]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 14. (a) Schematic illustration of the in-situ synthesis of 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. (b,c) High-resolution STEM image and EDX maps of Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. (d) Time profiles of the catalytic conversion of 10 wt% levulinic acid in water over 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. Results of the recycling experiments conducted for (e) 0.6 wt% Ir/ZrO2 (20 min), (f) 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C (1 h) in a pH = 3 aqueous solution, and (g) 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C (1 h) in a pH = 1 aqueous solution. Reaction conditions: T = 180 °C, PH2 = 4 MPa, aqueous solution of 10 wt% levulinic acid. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [128]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
Fig. 14. (a) Schematic illustration of the in-situ synthesis of 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. (b,c) High-resolution STEM image and EDX maps of Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. (d) Time profiles of the catalytic conversion of 10 wt% levulinic acid in water over 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C catalyst. Results of the recycling experiments conducted for (e) 0.6 wt% Ir/ZrO2 (20 min), (f) 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C (1 h) in a pH = 3 aqueous solution, and (g) 0.6 wt% Ir@ZrO2@C (1 h) in a pH = 1 aqueous solution. Reaction conditions: T = 180 °C, PH2 = 4 MPa, aqueous solution of 10 wt% levulinic acid. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [128]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
|
| [1] | Hangjie Li, Yuehua Xiao, Jiale Xiao, Kai Fan, Bingkuan Li, Xiaolong Li, Liang Wang, Feng-Shou Xiao. Selective hydrogenation of CO2 into dimethyl ether over hydrophobic and gallium-modified copper catalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 54(11): 178-187. |
| [2] | Yu Gu, Lei Wang, Bo-Qing Xu, Hui Shi. Recent advances in the molecular-level understanding of catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation reactions at metal-aqueous interfaces [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 54(11): 1-55. |
| [3] | Jianxiang Wu, Xuejing Yang, Ming Gong. Recent advances in glycerol valorization via electrooxidation: Catalyst, mechanism and device [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(12): 2966-2986. |
| [4] | Xiaoling Liu, Lei Chen, Hongzhong Xu, Shi Jiang, Yu Zhou, Jun Wang. Straightforward synthesis of beta zeolite encapsulated Pt nanoparticles for the transformation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(6): 994-1003. |
| [5] | Zengtian Chen, Yuxue Xiao, Chao Zhang, Zaihui Fu, Ting Huang, Qingfeng Li, Yuanxiong Yao, Shutao Xu, Xiaoli Pan, Wenhao Luo, Changzhi Li. Fabrication of a solid superacid with temperature-regulated silica-isolated biochar nanosheets [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2020, 41(4): 698-709. |
| [6] | Huimin Yang, Yao Chen, Yong Qin. Application of atomic layer deposition in fabricating high-efficiency electrocatalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2020, 41(2): 227-241. |
| [7] | Zhongzhe Wei, Fangjun Shao, Jianguo Wang. Recent advances in heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 40(7): 980-1002. |
| [8] | Hualan Zhou, Jingjing Gong, Bolian Xu, Shengcai Deng, Yuanhua Ding, Lei Yu, Yining Fan. PtSnNa/SUZ-4: An efficient catalyst for propane dehydrogenation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2017, 38(3): 529-536. |
| [9] | Mahdi Mirzaee, Bahram Bahramian, Marieh Mirebrahimi. Amine-functionalized boehmite nanoparticle-supported molybdenum and vanadium complexes: Efficient catalysts for epoxidation of alkenes [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 37(8): 1263-1274. |
| [10] | Xiangdong Long, Peng Sun, Zelong Li, Rui Lang, Chungu Xia, Fuwei Li. Magnetic Co/Al2O3 catalyst derived from hydrotalcite for hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 36(9): 1512-1518. |
| [11] | Xiaochen Zhao, Jinming Xu, Aiqin Wang, Tao Zhang. Porous carbon in catalytic transformation of cellulose [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2015, 36(9): 1419-1427. |
| [12] | Daniel E. Resasco. Carbon nanohybrids used as catalysts and emulsifiers for reactions in biphasic aqueous/organic systems [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2014, 35(6): 798-806. |
| [13] | John Matthiesen, Thomas Hoff, Chi Liu, Charles Pueschel, Radhika Rao, Jean-Philippe Tessonnier. Functional carbons and carbon nanohybrids for the catalytic conversion of biomass to renewable chemicals in the condensed phase [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2014, 35(6): 842-855. |
| [14] | MA Junhong;FENG Yuanyuan;ZHANG Guirong;WANG Anjie;XU Boqing;*. Performance Improvement by Tungsten Oxides of the Pt-RuOxHy Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 31(5): 521-524. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||
