Indium-based ternary metal sulfide for photocatalytic CO2 reduction application

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64152-4

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2023, Vol. 44: 67-95.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64152-4

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Indium-based ternary metal sulfide for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction application

Jinman Yang^a, Zhengrui Yang^a, Kefen Yang^a, Qing Yu^a, Xingwang Zhu^b, Hui Xu^a^,^*(), Huaming Li^a^,^*()

^aInstitute of Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
^bCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2022-04-08 Accepted:2022-07-15 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2022-12-08
Contact: Hui Xu, Huaming Li
About author:Hui Xu is a professor at the Institute for Energy Research at Jiangsu University. He received a Ph.D. degree from Jiangsu University, China in 2010. He was selected for the National Youth Talent Project. His research interests are in the development of nanomaterials and their composites for hydrogen evolution and energy conversion. His research work is mainly focused on photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and CO₂ reduction using various nanostructures. Currently, he serves as a member of the Energy and Environment Committee of the Chinese Energy Society. More than 200 research papers have been published in international journals including ACS Nano, Adv. Energy Mater., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., etc., with more than 19000 citations (H-Index = 74). In 2019, he was awarded the Jiangsu Outstanding Youth Fund, and he was selected as a Clarivate Analytics Global Highly Cited Scientist from 2019 to 2021. In 2021, he was selected as an Elsevier Highly Cited Scholar. In 2020, he won the Hou Debang Chemical Science and Technology Youth Award. In 2021, he won the second prize in the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Science and Technology Progress Award.
Li Huaming (Jiangsu University), received his M.S. degree from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1992. He is currently a member of the Ionic Liquid Professional Committee of the Chinese Chemical Society, a member of the Photocatalysis Professional Committee of the Chinese Photosensitivity Society, and a member of the Particle Preparation and Processing Professional Committee of the Chinese Society for Particles. Currently, he is undertaking 4 projects, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province. He presided over and completed 15 projects for the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of the Provincial Department. As the corresponding author, he has published more than 200 SCI-indexed papers in influential journals such as Advanced Mater., Mater. Today, Adv. Funct. Mater., Nano Energy, and Adv. Sci. In 2018, he was selected for the Clarivate Analytics Global Highly Cited Scientist Interdisciplinary Field List. From 2014 to 2018, he was selected as a highly cited scholar in chemical engineering in China by Elsevier for five consecutive years. He was the editor-in-chief of 5 books and authorized more than 40 national invention patents.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075113);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178152);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172066);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902138);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190835);High-tech Research Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang(SS2018002);Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund(CX(21)3067)

Abstract

Abstract:

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction technology appears one of the most prospective paths because it directly utilizes green and renewable solar energy to efficiently convert CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels and useful chemical products, which will dissipate global warming and mitigate universal problems of energy shortage simultaneously. Metal sulfide based on appropriate band structures and excellent photoresponsivity range has recently attracted attention in the basic research of CO₂ photoconversion in laboratory. In particular, In-based ternary metal sulfide present great potential in dealing with photo corrosion and carrier recombination problems. This review detailedly introduced the main structural characteristics and common synthesis methods of In-based ternary metal sulfide. Additionally, a series of modification methods of In-based ternary metal sulfide and recent developments of activity enhancing techniques in photocatalytic CO₂ conversion were summarized and analyzed as the central content. Subsequently, we systematically demonstrated and discussed the mechanism of activity enhancement. Finally, we highlighted the current limitations, challenges and development needs and directions of In-based ternary metal sulfide for photocatalytic CO₂ conversion.

Key words: Indium, Ternary metal sulfide, Modification, Photocatalysis, CO₂ reduction

Jinman Yang, Zhengrui Yang, Kefen Yang, Qing Yu, Xingwang Zhu, Hui Xu, Huaming Li. Indium-based ternary metal sulfide for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction application[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 44: 67-95.

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Figures/Tables 26

Fig. 1. Framework illustration of the review.

Fig. 2. The reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 conversion.

Fig. 3. Band positions of typical In-based ternary metal sulfides.

Table 1 Thermodynamics for the products of CO2 photoreduction reactions.

Product	Reaction	∆H^θ (kJ mol^‒1)	∆G^θ (kJ mol^‒1)
CO	2CO₂ → 2CO + O₂	283	257
HCOOH	2CO₂ + 2H₂O → 2HCOOH + O₂	270	286
HCHO	CO₂ + H₂O → HCHO + O₂	563	522
CH₃OH	2CO₂ + 4H₂O → 2CH₃OH + 3O₂	727	703
CH₄	CO₂ + 2H₂O → CH₄ + 2O₂	890	818

Table 2 Evaluation of photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of some catalytic systems under different test conditions.

Photocatalyst	T (°C)	P	Solution	Light source	Photosensitizer	Yield (μmol g⁻¹)	Ref.
5 mg CdS@COF	25	1.0 atm	4 mL MeCN, 1 mL H₂O, BIH (20 mg)	300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm)	—	CO: 4057 (8 h)	[82]
0.2 mg ZnCo-OH QUNH	—	1.0 atm	12 mL MeCN, 3 mL H₂O, 5 mL TEOA	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	[Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂·6H₂O	CO: 134.2 (1 h)	[83]
30 mg Pd-HPP-TiO₂	—	1.0 atm	2 mL H₂O (bottom, gas-solid)	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	—	CH₄: 48; CO: 34 (1 h)	[84]
30 mg Pt@Def-CN	—	1.0 bar	100 µL H₂O (bottom, gas-solid)	300 W Xe lamp	—	CH₄: 6.3 (1 h)	[85]
25 mg ultrathin Pb_0.6Bi_1.4Cs_0.6O₂C₂ layers	—	—	50 μL H₂O	300 W Xe lamp	—	MeOH: 26.53; CO: 17.91 (4 h)	[86]
1 mg W₁₈O₄₉@Co	30	1.0 atm	3 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O, 1 mL TEOA	300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 400 nm)	[Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂·6H₂O	CO: 21180 (1 h)	[87]
30 mg In₂O₃/In₂S₃	10	80 kPa	50 mL H₂O	300 W Xe lamp	—	CO: 12.22 (1 h)	[88]

Fig. 4. (a) Ball-and-stick structure and (b) polyhedral structure of cubic CdIn2S4.

Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of the synthetic process (a) and CO2 reduction mechanism (b) for the QD-Re hybrid system. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright 2018, the Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) The mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on CuInS2 colloidal QDs photosensitizes Co-porphyrin catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [115]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (d) The mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on ZnIn2S4 nanorods. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [120]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.

Fig. 7. (a,b) HAADF-STEM images of VZn-rich one-unit-cell ZnIn2S4. (c) Intensity profile corresponding to the dark cyan arrow in (b). (d) EPR spectra of VZn-rich one-unit-cell ZnIn2S4 and VZn-poor one-unit-cell ZnIn2S4. (e) Schematic diagram of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction process on the surface of VZn-rich one-unit-cell ZIS layers. ultrafast TA spectroscopy of VZn-poor one-unit-cell ZnIn2S4 (f) and VZn-rich one-unit-cell ZnIn2S4 (g). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [122]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 8. (a) Schematic illustration of the VS-CdIn2S4 photocatalyst fabricated process. S 2p in XPS (b) and EPR spectra (c) of CdIn2S4 and VS-CdIn2S4. (d) Schematic diagram of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction process on the VS-CdIn2S4 photocatalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [123]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (e) The dual-metal-site catalytic systems of VS-CuIn5S8 for CO2 photoreduction into CH4. (f) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity comparison. (g) Performance durability testing of VS-CuIn5S8 single-unit-cell layers. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2019, Nature.

Fig. 9. (a) Proposed mechanism for photocatalytic CO2 reduction over phosphorus-doped ZnIn2S4 (P-ZIS). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [128] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (b) Proposed mechanism for photocatalytic CO2 reduction over oxygen-doped ZnIn2S4 (O-ZIS) under visible light. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [129]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.

Fig. 10. The types of heterojunctions of type I, type II, Z-scheme, S-scheme and Schottky junction.

Table 3 Photocatalytic CO2 reduction properties of some heterojunction materials.

Photocatalyst	Light source	Experimental condition	Yield (μmol·g^-1·h^-1)	Ref.
20 mg D-Y-TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄	0.240 W cm⁻² LED light (λ = 420 nm)	10 mL MeCN, 0.1 mol L⁻¹ TEOA, 1/80 mol L⁻¹ BIH	CO: 40.66; H₂: 28.40	[135]
10 mg Co₃O₄@CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	400 μmol 2,2-bipyridine, 8 μmol CoCl₂, 4 mL TEOA, 4 mL H₂O, 16 mL MeCN	CO: 5300	[119]
10 mg WQDs/CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	10 mL H₂O	CO: 8.2; CH₄: 1.6	[136]
0.1 g ZnIn₂S₄/BiVO₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 4.75; CH₄: 0.5	[49]
meso-TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 mL H₂O	CO: 10.17; CH₄: 11.33	[46]
0.1 g PCMT@In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 101.62	[118]
25 mg TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	10 mL H₂O	CO: 9.28; CH₄: 4.26; CH₃OH: 4.78	[39]
50 mg KCa₂Nb₃O₁₀/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 4.69	[137]
10 mg CdIn₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	25 mL reaction solution (140 mL of KHCO₃ (0.5 mol L⁻¹), 1.0000 g 2,2-bipyridine, 0.1540 g CoCl₂⋅6H₂O, 0.1 L TEOA, 0.2 L MeCN)	CO: 1194.5; H₂: 475.7	[138]
4 mg In₂S₃-CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	15 mg bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 1 mL TEOA, 2 mL H₂O, 3 mL MeCN	CO: 825	[139]
10 mg ZnS/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W halogen lamp	100 ml 0.5 wt% Pt (H₂PtCl₆) 10 vol% CH₃OH	CH₃CHO: 61.27; CH₃OH: 0.228	[140]
2 mg g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	15 mg of 2,2-bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 1 mL TEOA, 3 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O,	CO: 7368.7	[141]
10 mg g-C₃N₄/Au/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	15 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 2 mL TEOA, 6 mL MeCN, 4 mL H₂O	CO: 242.3	[133]
50 mg PCN/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	20 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 4 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O 1 mL TEOA, 1 µmol CoCl₂	CO: 892	[142]
50 mg ZnIn₂S₄@CNO	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	20 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 4 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O 1 mL TEOA, 1 µmol CoCl₂	CO: 253.8; CH₄: 23.6	[53]
50 mg CuInS₂/Au/g-C₃N₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	water vapor	CO: 2.43; CH₄: 0.15	[143]
0.1 g ZnIn₂S₄/N-doped graphene	300 W Xe lamp	10 mL H₂O	CO: 2.45; CH₄: 1.01; CH₃OH: 1.37	[144]
0.1 g CdIn₂S₄/mpg-C₃N₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	100 mL aqueous solution, 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NaOH	CH₃OH: 42.7	[94]
50 mg NH₂-UiO-66/CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp AM 1.5 G filter	100 mL H₂O	CO: 11.24; CH₄: 2.92	[134]

Table 3 Photocatalytic CO2 reduction properties of some heterojunction materials.

Photocatalyst	Light source	Experimental condition	Yield (μmol·g^-1·h^-1)	Ref.
20 mg D-Y-TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄	0.240 W cm⁻² LED light (λ = 420 nm)	10 mL MeCN, 0.1 mol L⁻¹ TEOA, 1/80 mol L⁻¹ BIH	CO: 40.66; H₂: 28.40	[135]
10 mg Co₃O₄@CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	400 μmol 2,2-bipyridine, 8 μmol CoCl₂, 4 mL TEOA, 4 mL H₂O, 16 mL MeCN	CO: 5300	[119]
10 mg WQDs/CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	10 mL H₂O	CO: 8.2; CH₄: 1.6	[136]
0.1 g ZnIn₂S₄/BiVO₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 4.75; CH₄: 0.5	[49]
meso-TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene	300 W Xe lamp	0.5 mL H₂O	CO: 10.17; CH₄: 11.33	[46]
0.1 g PCMT@In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 101.62	[118]
25 mg TiO₂@ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	10 mL H₂O	CO: 9.28; CH₄: 4.26; CH₃OH: 4.78	[39]
50 mg KCa₂Nb₃O₁₀/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	water vapor	CO: 4.69	[137]
10 mg CdIn₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	25 mL reaction solution (140 mL of KHCO₃ (0.5 mol L⁻¹), 1.0000 g 2,2-bipyridine, 0.1540 g CoCl₂⋅6H₂O, 0.1 L TEOA, 0.2 L MeCN)	CO: 1194.5; H₂: 475.7	[138]
4 mg In₂S₃-CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	15 mg bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 1 mL TEOA, 2 mL H₂O, 3 mL MeCN	CO: 825	[139]
10 mg ZnS/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W halogen lamp	100 ml 0.5 wt% Pt (H₂PtCl₆) 10 vol% CH₃OH	CH₃CHO: 61.27; CH₃OH: 0.228	[140]
2 mg g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	15 mg of 2,2-bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 1 mL TEOA, 3 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O,	CO: 7368.7	[141]
10 mg g-C₃N₄/Au/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp	15 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 2 μmol CoCl₂, 2 mL TEOA, 6 mL MeCN, 4 mL H₂O	CO: 242.3	[133]
50 mg PCN/ZnIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	20 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 4 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O 1 mL TEOA, 1 µmol CoCl₂	CO: 892	[142]
50 mg ZnIn₂S₄@CNO	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	20 mg 2,2-bipyridine, 4 mL MeCN, 2 mL H₂O 1 mL TEOA, 1 µmol CoCl₂	CO: 253.8; CH₄: 23.6	[53]
50 mg CuInS₂/Au/g-C₃N₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 400 nm)	water vapor	CO: 2.43; CH₄: 0.15	[143]
0.1 g ZnIn₂S₄/N-doped graphene	300 W Xe lamp	10 mL H₂O	CO: 2.45; CH₄: 1.01; CH₃OH: 1.37	[144]
0.1 g CdIn₂S₄/mpg-C₃N₄	300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm)	100 mL aqueous solution, 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NaOH	CH₃OH: 42.7	[94]
50 mg NH₂-UiO-66/CdIn₂S₄	300 W Xe lamp AM 1.5 G filter	100 mL H₂O	CO: 11.24; CH₄: 2.92	[134]

Fig. 11. Evolutionary processes (a) and proposed photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism (b) for In2S3-CdIn2S4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [139]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. Evolutionary processes (c) and proposed photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism (d) for In2S3-CuInS2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [105]. Copyright 2018, the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 12. Synthesis mechanism (a), HR-TEM image (b), photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism (c) and reaction activity (d) of ZnS/ZnIn2S4 heterostructure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [140]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier.

Fig. 13. TEM image (a) and HRTEM image (b) of ZnIn2S4/TiO2. (c) Schematic illustration of the possible reaction processes of ZnIn2S4/TiO2 photocatalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier. (d) Charge carrier schematic illustration; photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities (e) and stability (f) of TiO2/CuInS2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (g,h) Calculated work function of WO3 QDs and CdIn2S4. (i) Schematic illustration of charge carrier in WO3 QDs/CdIn2S4 heterojunction. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [136]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.

Fig. 14. (a) Synthesis mechanism of PCN/ZnIn2S4 layered heterojunction. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [142]. Copyright 2018, Wiley. Synthesis mechanism of T-CN/ZIS heterojunction (b) and SEM images of melamine-cyanuric acid precursor (c), T-CN (d) and T-CN/ZIS (e). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [147]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.

Fig. 15. Reaction mechanisms of different types of co-catalysts: (a) metal, (b) alloy, (c) carbon materials and (d) metal oxidized/sulfide species.

Fig. 16. Synthesis mechanism (a) and electron transfer mechanism diagram (b) of CuInS2/C/TiO2 hierarchical tandem heterostructure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [152]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (c) Scheme illustrating the photocatalytic CO2 reduction mechanism over the CeO2/ZnIn2S4 composite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.

Fig. 17. Contour plots of the femtosecond TA spectra of B-CN (a) and MCNM (b). (c) TA carrier dynamics of B-CN and MCNM recorded at 600 nm subtracted from the ground state bleach signal. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [160]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.

Fig. 18. In situ FTIR spectra for co-adsorption of a mixture of CO2 and H2O vapour on the VS-CuIn5S8 single unit-cell layers (a) and the pristine CuIn5S8 single-unit-cell layers (b). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2019, Nature. In situ FT-IR spectra of CO2 and H2O interaction withCu0.8Au0.2/TiO2 (c), Au/TiO2 (d), Cu/TiO2 (e), and TiO2 (f) under the dark and the simulated sunlight, respectively. The curves from bottom to top in the figure represent background, adsorption for 30 min, illumination for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 30 min, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [12]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 19. In situ Raman spectroscopy results at different current densities during CO2RR. Copper oxide region of the reconstructed Cu2P2O7 electrode (a) and CuO-800 electrode (c) (Raman shift between 400-700 cm-1). CO region of the reconstructed Cu2P2O7 electrode (b) and CuO-800 electrode (d) (Raman shift between 1600-2200 cm-1). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [165]. Copyright 2022, Wiley.

Fig. 20. The calculated models and density of states of CdIn2S4 (a,c) and Vs-CdIn2S4 (b,d). The pink, blue, and yellow atoms stand for S, In, Cd atoms and S vacancy, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [123]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. The calculated models and charge difference distribution of interstitial C doped MgIn2S4 from top view (e,g) and side view (f,h). The green, brown, yellow and black atoms stand for Mg, In, S and C atoms, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [166]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.

Fig. 21. Calculated work function of monolayer PCN (a), CIS (112) surface (b) and monolayer CIS/Au/PCN heterostructure (c). (d) The diagram of the band edge positions before and after contact of CIS/Au/PCN heterostructure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [143]. Copyright 2019, Wiley.

Fig. 22. Free energy diagrams of CO2 photoreduction to CH4 for the VS-CuIn5S8 single-unit-cell layers (a) and the pristine CuIn5S8 single-unit-cell layers (b). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2019, Nature.

Fig. 23. The reaction pathways for carbon-containing products at single active sites (a,b), and double active sites (c,d).

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Indium-based ternary metal sulfide for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction application

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[1]	Binbin Zhao, Wei Zhong, Feng Chen, Ping Wang, Chuanbiao Bie, Huogen Yu. High-crystalline g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: Synthesis, structure modulation, and H₂-evolution application [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 127-143.
[2]	Xiaolong Tang, Feng Li, Fang Li, Yanbin Jiang, Changlin Yu. Single-atom catalysts for the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 79-98.
[3]	Hui Gao, Gong Zhang, Dongfang Cheng, Yongtao Wang, Jing Zhao, Xiaozhi Li, Xiaowei Du, Zhi-Jian Zhao, Tuo Wang, Peng Zhang, Jinlong Gong. Steering electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to alcohol production on Cu step sites [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 187-195.
[4]	Wen Zhang, Cai-Cai Song, Jia-Wei Wang, Shu-Ting Cai, Meng-Yu Gao, You-Xiang Feng, Tong-Bu Lu. Bidirectional host-guest interactions promote selective photocatalytic CO₂ reduction coupled with alcohol oxidation in aqueous solution [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 176-186.
[5]	Zicong Jiang, Bei Cheng, Liuyang Zhang, Zhenyi Zhang, Chuanbiao Bie. A review on ZnO-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 32-49.
[6]	Mingming Song, Xianghai Song, Xin Liu, Weiqiang Zhou, Pengwei Huo. Enhancing photocatalytic CO₂ reduction activity of ZnIn₂S₄/MOF-808 microsphere with S-scheme heterojunction by in situ synthesis method [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 51(8): 180-192.
[7]	Fei Yan, Youzi Zhang, Sibi Liu, Ruiqing Zou, Jahan B Ghasemi, Xuanhua Li. Efficient charge separation by a donor-acceptor system integrating dibenzothiophene into a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 51(8): 124-134.
[8]	Zhaochun Liu, Xue Zong, Dionisios G. Vlachos, Ivo A. W. Filot, Emiel J. M. Hensen. A computational study of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formic acid on metal-doped SnO₂ [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 249-259.
[9]	Min Lin, Meilan Luo, Yongzhi Liu, Jinni Shen, Jinlin Long, Zizhong Zhang. 1D S-scheme heterojunction of urchin-like SiC-W₁₈O₄₉ for enhancing photocatalytic CO₂ reduction [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 239-248.
[10]	Huijie Li, Manzhou Chi, Xing Xin, Ruijie Wang, Tianfu Liu, Hongjin Lv, Guo-Yu Yang. Highly selective photoreduction of CO₂ catalyzed by the encapsulated heterometallic-substituted polyoxometalate into a photo-responsive metal-organic framework [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 343-351.
[11]	Xuan Li, Xingxing Jiang, Yan Kong, Jianju Sun, Qi Hu, Xiaoyan Chai, Hengpan Yang, Chuanxin He. Interface engineering of a GaN/In₂O₃ heterostructure for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 314-323.
[12]	Sang Eon Jun, Sungkyun Choi, Jaehyun Kim, Ki Chang Kwon, Sun Hwa Park, Ho Won Jang. Non-noble metal single atom catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion reactions [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 195-214.
[13]	Qing Niu, Linhua Mi, Wei Chen, Qiujun Li, Shenghong Zhong, Yan Yu, Liuyi Li. Review of covalent organic frameworks for single-site photocatalysis and electrocatalysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 45-82.
[14]	Defa Liu, Bin Sun, Shuojie Bai, Tingting Gao, Guowei Zhou. Dual co-catalysts Ag/Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ hierarchical flower-like microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic H₂-production activity [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 273-283.
[15]	Han-Zhi Xiao, Bo Yu, Si-Shun Yan, Wei Zhang, Xi-Xi Li, Ying Bao, Shu-Ping Luo, Jian-Heng Ye, Da-Gang Yu. Photocatalytic 1,3-dicarboxylation of unactivated alkenes with CO₂ [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 222-228.