Bidirectional host-guest interactions promote selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction coupled with alcohol oxidation in aqueous solution

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64509-7

Abstract

Abstract:

Existing artificial photosynthesis systems often underperform due to challenges in water oxidation and extensive photogenerated carrier transfer. Herein, we demonstrate that β-cyclodextrin-decorated CdS nanocrystals (CdS-CD) can simultaneously anchor cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin (CoTPP) catalysts and alcohol reductants onto CdS surfaces through bidirectional host-guest interactions between β-CD and CoTPP/alcohol. This configuration ensures swift electron transfer from CdS to β-CD bonded CoTPP, facilitating CO₂ reduction to HCOOH. Results showcase a remarkable yield of 1610 μmol g^-1 h^-1 and a 96.5% selectivity. Meanwhile, photogenerated holes in CdS are efficiently neutralized by β-CD bonded furfuryl alcohol, achieving a furfural yield of 1567 μmol g^-1 h^-1 and > 99% selectivity. In contrast, the discrete CoTPP-CdS system achieved a HCOOH yield of only 306 μmol g^-1 h^-1 and a poor HCOOH selectivity of 46.4%. It was also observed that the CoTPP@CdS-CD system maintained high CO₂-to-HCOOH conversion rates when using other alcohols as reductants.

Key words: Artificial photosynthesis, Host-guest interaction, CO₂ reduction, Alcohol oxidation, Fast electron transfer

Wen Zhang, Cai-Cai Song, Jia-Wei Wang, Shu-Ting Cai, Meng-Yu Gao, You-Xiang Feng, Tong-Bu Lu. Bidirectional host-guest interactions promote selective photocatalytic CO₂ reduction coupled with alcohol oxidation in aqueous solution[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52: 176-186.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64509-7

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2023/V52/I9/176

Figures/Tables 6

Scheme 1. (a) Four different connection modes between reductant, photosensitizer, and catalyst in a photocatalytic system. (b) Self-assembly of CdS-CD NCs with CoTPP through host-guest interactions and their photoredox reactions of CO2 to HCOOH and furfuryl alcohol to furfural.

Fig. 1. (a) CV curves for CoTPP bonded on Au electrode covered with ?S-β-CD in 0.5 mol L?1 KHCO3 solution (inset: CoTPP in DMF). (b) CV curves for furfuryl alcohol. (c) Tauc plot (αhv)2 vs. photon energy (inset) and Mott-Schottky plot of CdS-CD. (d) Band structures of CdS-CD and redox potentials of CoTPP and furfuryl alcohol.

Fig. 2. (a) Job's plot of CoTPP/β-CD (red dot) and furfuryl alcohol/β-CD (black dot), ?A = A(with β-CD) ? A(without β-CD), where A refers to the absorbance of CoTPP or furfuryl alcohol, and ?A represents the change of the absorbance for CoTPP/furfuryl after adding various proportions of β-CD. (b) UV-vis absorption spectra changes for CoTPP upon the addition of β-CD in water (inset: the calculated binding constant (KS) value). (c) DLS measurements of CdS-CD and CoTPP@CdS-CD assembly. (d) TEM image of CoTPP@CdS-CD assembly (inset: size distribution of individual CdS-CDs).

Table 1 Comparative experiments for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 coupled with furfuryl alcohol oxidation.

Entry	Ps	H₂(μmol g^-1 h^-1)	HCOOH (μmol g^-1 h^-1)	Select. HCOOH (%)	Furfural (μmol g^-1 h^-1)	Select. furfural (%)	e^-/h⁺
1	CdS-CD	47.0	1609.9	96.5	1567.0	> 99	1.05
2	CdS-BF₄	352.5	305.5	46.4	705.0	> 99	0.93
3	CdS-OA	0	70.1	> 99	68.2	> 99	1.03
4	CdS-ME	523.9	621.6	54.3	605.7 (221.1)	73.2	1.09
5	CdS-BF₄+CD	11.8	481.8	97.6	519.2	> 99	0.95
6 ^a	CdS-CD	37.6	477.2	96.1	474.9	> 99	1.08
7 ^b	CdS-CD	74.5	634.1	89.5	793.2	> 99	0.89

Fig. 3. (a) Production of HCOOH over CdS-OA, CdS-CD, CdS-BF4, the physical mixture of CdS-BF4 and β-CD, CdS-CD+AD, and CdS-ME. (b) Comparison of photocatalytic systems coupling the CO2 reduction with the oxidation of alcohols. (c) Fluorescence decay traces of CdS-CD with furfuryl alcohol and CoTPP. (d) In-situ Co 2p XPS spectra for the CoTPP@CdS-CD assembly under irradiation by a 300 W Xe lamp equipped with a 420 nm light filter.

Fig. 4. (a) EPR spectra of the photoreactions under dark and illumination conditions. (b) Proposed mechanism of CoTPP@CdS-CD assembly for CO2 reduction and furfuryl alcohol oxidation. (c) In-situ DRIFT spectra of CO2 photocatalytic reduction under the atmosphere of CO2. (d) DFT calculated energy diagram for CO2 reduction catalyzed by CoTPP. Optimized structures of the intermediates are shown with brown (carbon), pink (hydrogen), red (oxygen), gray (nitrogen), and blue (cobalt).

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Bidirectional host-guest interactions promote selective photocatalytic CO₂ reduction coupled with alcohol oxidation in aqueous solution

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