Electrochemistry assisted chlorine corrosion strategy: The minute-level fabrication of lattice Cl- functioned high spin-polarized Ni/Fe-LDH array for enhanced anti-Cl- OER performance

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60215-9

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2025, Vol. 70: 388-398.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60215-9

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Electrochemistry assisted chlorine corrosion strategy: The minute-level fabrication of lattice Cl^- functioned high spin-polarized Ni/Fe-LDH array for enhanced anti-Cl^- OER performance

Bo Zhang^a, Ru Xiao^a, Liyuan Liu^a, Xiaobin Liu^b, Ying Deng^a^,^*(), Qingliang Lv^b, Zexing Wu^a, Yunmei Du^b, Yanyan Li^a^,^c, Zhenyu Xiao^a^,^*(), Lei Wang^a^,^*()

^aKey Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
^bShandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
^cShandong Institute of Hydrogen Energy Technology, China EV100, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China

Received:2024-11-01 Accepted:2024-12-09 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: * E-mail:dengyingchem@163.com (Y. Deng),inorgxiaozhenyu@163.com (Z. Xiao),inorchemwl@126.com (L. Wang).
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272222);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072197);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372205);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China(ZR2023MB142);Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(2022KJ308);Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(2019KJC004);Qingdao Postdoctoral Researcher Applied Research Project(QDBSH20230102046);Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Support Program of Shandong Province, China(SDBX2022025);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731858);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170451);Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(tsqn201909114)

Abstract

Abstract:

Although the intermittent energy-driven direct seawater splitting technology provides an unparalleled approach to achieving sustainable development, the severe corrosion via aggressive Cl^- severely affects the stability and efficiency of the anode catalyst and limits its industrial application. Herein, a lattice Cl^- functioned NiFe-LDH electrode (E-NF-LDH_Cl or E-NF-LDH_SW) is firstly constructed by a minute-level electrochemistry assisted chlorine corrosion strategy, which presents enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and excellent anti-Cl^- corrosion behavior for seawater splitting. The optimized E-NF-LDH_Cl and E-NF-LDH_SW deliver low OER overpotential of 355 and 384 mV to reach 1 A cm⁻² current density in the 1 mol L^-1 KOH and 1 mol L^-1 KOH seawater, respectively, as well as excellent stability of E-NF-LDH_Cl is maintained at 1 A cm^-2 for 400 h in the 1 mol L^-1 KOH and 1 mol L^-1 KOH + 0.5 mol L^-1 NaCl. MD (molecular dynamics) simulation and DFT (density functional theory) calculation confirmed that strong common-ion repulsion effect in IHP region repels free Cl^-, forming high spin polarization centers and more single electrons to enhance the intrinsic activity of OER.

Key words: Layered double hydroxides, Oxygen evolution reaction, Seawater splitting, Anti-Cl^- corrosion, High spin polarization

Bo Zhang, Ru Xiao, Liyuan Liu, Xiaobin Liu, Ying Deng, Qingliang Lv, Zexing Wu, Yunmei Du, Yanyan Li, Zhenyu Xiao, Lei Wang. Electrochemistry assisted chlorine corrosion strategy: The minute-level fabrication of lattice Cl^- functioned high spin-polarized Ni/Fe-LDH array for enhanced anti-Cl^- OER performance[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 70: 388-398.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60215-9

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Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. (a) Process diagram of preparing E-NF-LDHCl nanosheets using NFF as template. (b) Diagram of chloride ion corrosion during brine electrolysis. SEM (c), TEM (d) image, HRTEM (e) images, selected area atomic mass contrast distribution (f), TEM image and the corresponding mapping for Fe, Ni, O, Cl (g) of E-NF-LDHCl.

Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns of E-NF-LDHCl powder and E-NF-LDHCl. (b) EPR spectra of NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHCl. Fe 2p (c), Cl 2p (d) and O 1s (e) orbital XPS spectra of NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHCl. (f) UPS valence band spectra of NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHCl.

Fig. 3. OER polarization curves (a), histograms reflecting η100, η1000, and Tafel slope values (b), Cdl curves of the OER (c) and ECSA values and TOF (d) of NFF, NF-LDHCl, E-NF-LDHOH and E-NF-LDHCl. (e,f) in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy of E-NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHOH in alkaline electrolyte. (g) CP curves of E-NF-LDHCl at 1 A galvanostatic current in different electrolytes. (h) Comparison of OER activities between E-NF-LDHCl in this work and some state-of-the-art Ni/Fe-based OER electrodes in alkaline media from previous reports under the same test conditions.

Fig. 4. (a) OER polarization curves of E-NF-LDHSW, E-NF-LDHOH, NF-LDHSW, RuO2/NFF and NFF. (b) Tafel slope of different samples. (c) Histograms reflecting η100, η1000, and Tafel slope values of the as-formed samples. (d) Comparison of the overpotential (η100) for OER between E-NF-LDHSW and other Ni/Fe-based OER electrodes 1 mol L-1 KOH seawater electrolyzer. (e) The polarization curves of Pt-C/NFF||E-NF-LDHSW and Pt-C/NFF||RuO2/NFF for total seawater splitting in 1 mol L-1 KOH seawater electrolyzer. (f) Faradaic efficiency of E-NF-LDHSW and theoretically calculated and experimentally measured H2 and O2 gas versus time at 200 mA cm?2. Collected H2 volume images generated every 200 s for 1400 s (g), H-type electrolytic cell device diagram (h), and collected O2 volume images generated every 200 s for 1400 s (i) of Pt-C/NFF||E-NF-LDHSW.

Fig. 5. (a,b) Number of Cl? and OH? versus distance above E-NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHOH surface from classical MD simulation results. (c) Number comparison of various anions in different regions. (d) Experimental Cdl values of NFF, NF-LDHCl, E-NF-LDHOH and E-NF-LDHCl in alkaline electrolyte and alkaline saline electrolyte, respectively. (e) Fe 3d, Ni 3d, O 2p and Cl 2p PDOS spectra of the E-NF-LDHCl with an inset of the enlarged shaded area. (f) Fe 3d, Ni 3d and O 2p PDOS spectra of the E-NF-LDHOH with an inset of the enlarged shaded area. (g) H2O molecular adsorption energies at the Ni, Fe sites of E-NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHOH. (h) The adsorption model of E-NF-LDHCl in OER process. (i) OER reaction pathway for E-NF-LDHCl and E-NF-LDHOH model.

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Electrochemistry assisted chlorine corrosion strategy: The minute-level fabrication of lattice Cl^- functioned high spin-polarized Ni/Fe-LDH array for enhanced anti-Cl^- OER performance

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