Construction of 3D flowers-like O-doped g-C3N4-[N-doped Nb2O5/C] heterostructure with direct S-scheme charge transport and highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64038-X

Abstract

Abstract:

Constructing a suitable heterojunction photocatalytic system from two photocatalytic materials is an efficient approach for designing extremely efficient photocatalysts for a broader range of environmental, medical, and energy applications. Recently, the construction of a step-scheme heterostructure system (hereafter called the S-scheme) has received widespread attention in the photocatalytic field due to its ability to achieve efficient photogenerated carrier separation and obtain strong photo-redox ability. Herein, a novel S-scheme heterojunction system consisting of 2D O-doped g-C₃N₄ (OCN) nanosheets and 3D N-doped Nb₂O₅/C (N-NBO/C) nanoflowers is constructed via ultrasonication and vigorous agitation technique followed by heat treatment for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Detailed characterization and decomposition behaviour of RhB showed that the fabricated material shows excellent photocatalytic efficiency and stability towards RhB photodegradation under visible-light illumination. The enhanced performance could be attributed to the following factors: fast charge transfer, highly-efficient charge separation, extended lifetime of photoinduced charge carriers, and the high redox capability of the photoinduced charges in the S-scheme system. Various trapping experiment conditions and electron paramagnetic resonance provide clear evidence of the S-scheme photogenerated charge transfer path, meanwhile, the RhB mineralization degradation pathway was also investigated using LC-MS. This study presents an approach to constructing Nb₂O₅-based S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications.

Key words: 2D/3D nanostructure, S-scheme heterojunction, g-C₃N₄, Nb₂O₅, Photocatalytic degradation

Fahim A. Qaraah, Samah A. Mahyoub, Abdo Hezam, Amjad Qaraah, Qasem A. Drmosh, Guangli Xiu. Construction of 3D flowers-like O-doped g-C₃N₄-[N-doped Nb₂O₅/C] heterostructure with direct S-scheme charge transport and highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(10): 2637-2651.

×
share this article

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64038-X

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I10/2637

Figures/Tables 12

Scheme 1. Formation pathway of 3D S-scheme OCN-[N-NBO/C] heterostructure.

Fig. 1. XRD patterns (a) and FT-IR spectra (b) of the as-fabricated OCN, N-NBO/C, 1OCN-[N-NBO/C], 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] and 8OCN-[N-NBO/C].

Fig. 2. SEM images of OCN nanosheet (a), N-NBO/C nanoflowers (b), and representative and magnified SEM images of the S-scheme 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] heterostructures (c,d). TEM images of as-prepared OCN (e), N-NBO/C (f) and 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] (g). Parallel TEM-EDX mapping images of C (h), Nb (i), O (j), and N (k) of the 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] heterostructures, and HRTEM image of the S-scheme 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] heterostructures (l).

Fig. 3. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of the OCN, N-NBO/C, 1OCN-[N-NBO/C], 4OCN-[N-NBO/C], 8OCN-[N-NBO/C] (a), and the related pore size distribution curves (b).

Fig. 4. (a) UV-vis diffused reflectance of Pure CN, OCN, Pure Nb2O5, N-NBO/C, and OCN-[N-NBO/C ] composites. (b) Tauc plots of Pure CN, OCN, Pure Nb2O5, N-NBO/C. (c,d) MS plots for N-NBO/C and OCN.

Fig. 5. High-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s (a), N 1s (b), O 1s (c), and Nb 3d (d) of the OCN, N-NBO/C, and 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] samples.

Fig. 6. The change in concentration of RhB vs. illumination time over OCN, N-NBO/C, and xOCN-[N-NBO/C] composites (a), the kinetic curves of RhB degradation with numerous photocatalysts under visible light illumination as a pseudo-first-order reaction (b,c). (d) Cycling experiments of photodegradation RhB over OCN-[N-NBO/C]. XRD (e) and FTIR (f) of OCN-[N-NBO/C] before and after photocatalysis.

Table 1 Summarizes the photodegradation performance of RhB under visible light by using various heterojunction photocatalysts.

Photocatalyst	Morphology	Heterojunction type	RhB Conc. (mg/L)	Catalyst Conc. (mg/L)	Visible light source	k (min^-1)	Time (min)	Ref.
g-C₃N₄/Nb₂O₅	nanofibers	type-II	10	500	300 W XL	0.0363	120	[51]
g-C₃N₄/Nb₂O₅	nanoparticles	type-II	10	500	15 W	0.0202	90	[52]
g-C₃N₄/Nb₂O₅/rGA	nanocomposites	heterojunction	20	300	300W XL	—	100	[53]
CeO₂/NaNbO₃	—	heterojunction	10	400	300 W Hg lamp	0.073	30	[54]
mpg-C₃N₄/Bi₂WO₆	—	—	50	500	300 W XL	0.0724	60	[55]
g-C₃N₄/TiO₂/CuO	nanocomposites	S-scheme	50	500	500 W XL	0.00916	120	[56]
BiOBr/g-C₃N₄	—	S-scheme	10	300	300W XL	0.01274	30	[57]
MoO₃/Bi₂O₄	—	Z-scheme	10	500	100 W LED	—	40	[58]
TiO₂/WS₂	microspheres	heterojunction	20	200	300W XL	0.0371	90	[59]
g-C₃N₄@C-TiO₂	microstructures	Z-scheme	10	1000	350W XL	0.036	90	[60]
OCN-[N-NBO/C]	nanoflowers	S-scheme	40	100	300 W XL	0.1477	30	Reporting

Fig. 7. (a) RhB degradation at different pH values. (b) RhB adsorption at different pH levels. (c) Different catalytic dosages over 4OCN-[N-NBO/C]. (d) RhB degradation at different concentrations.

Fig. 8. Photocurrent transient curves (a) and EIS (b) of OCN, N-NBO/C, and 4OCN-[N-NBO/C]; PL spectra (c), time-resolved fluorescence spectra (d), and photocatalytic degradation (e) of RhB by 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] under varied trapping experiment circumstances. (f) Schematic diagrams of conventional S-scheme heterojunction.

Fig. 9. EPR spectra of DMPO-•OH adducts (in water solution) (a) and DMPO-•O2- adducts (in methanol solution) (b) over N-NBO/C, OCN, and 4OCN-[N-NBO/C] under irradiation for 3 min. (c) Schematic elucidation of the S-scheme transfer mechanism between OCN and N-NBO/C: (i) before contact, (ii) after contact, and (iii) after contact under illumination.

Fig. 10. Possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of RhB.

References

[1]	T. Zhu, J. Li, Q. Wu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2011, 3, 3448-3453.
[2]	P. Xia, B. Zhu, J. Yu, S. Cao, M. Jaroniec, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 3230-3238.
[3]	M. Tayyab, Y. Liu, S. Min, R.M. Irfan, L. Zhou, J. Lei, J. Zhang, Chin. J. Catal., 2022, 43, 1165-1175.
[4]	L. Zhu, H. Li, P. Xia, Z. Liu, D. Xiong, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10, 39679-39687.
[5]	X. Li, X. Wu, S. Liu, Y. Li, J. Fan, K. Lv, Chin. J. Catal., 2020, 41, 1451-1467.
[6]	S. Cao, J. Low, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, Adv. Mater., 2015, 27, 2150-2176.
[7]	J. Ge, Y. Liu, D. Jiang, L. Zhang, P. Du, Chin. J. Catal., 2019, 40, 160-167.
[8]	Z.-F. Huang, J. Song, L. Pan, Z. Wang, X. Zhang, J.-J. Zou, W. Mi, X. Zhang, L. Wang, Nano Energy, 2015, 12, 646-656.
[9]	F. A. Qaraah, S. A. Mahyoub, A. Hezam, Q. A. Drmosh, J. Munyaneza, Q. Yu, G. Xiu, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2021, 9, 106587.
[10]	K. Su, H. Liu, Z. Gao, P. Fornasiero, F. Wang, Adv. Sci., 2021, 8, 2003156.
[11]	W. Jiang, X. Zong, L. An, S. Hua, X. Miao, S. Luan, Y. Wen, F. F. Tao, Z. Sun, ACS Catal., 2018, 8, 2209-2217.
[12]	J. Zhang, D. Zhou, S. Dong, N. Ren, J. Hazard. Mater., 2019, 366, 311-320.
[13]	Y. Liu, Q. Zhu, M. Tayyab, L. Zhou, J. Lei, J. Zhang, Solar RRL, 2021, 5, 2100536.
[14]	J. Fu, Q. Xu, J. Low, C. Jiang, J. Yu, Appl. Catal. B, 2019, 243, 556-565.
[15]	Q. Xu, L. Zhang, B. Cheng, J. Fan, J. Yu, Chem, 2020, 6, 1543-1559.
[16]	F. Xu, K. Meng, B. Cheng, S. Wang, J. Xu, J. Yu, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 4613.
[17]	Y. Huang, F. Mei, J. Zhang, K. Dai, G. Dawson, Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2021, 38, 2108028.
[18]	F. Mei, Z. Li, K. Dai, J. Zhang, C. Liang, Chin. J. Catal., 2020, 41, 41-49.
[19]	F. A. Qaraah, S. A. Mahyoub, A. Hezam, W. Zhang, G. Xiu, J. Munyaneza, C. Wu, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 32309-32322.
[20]	Z. Zhang, P. Wang, Z. Wu, C. Yue, X. Wei, J. Zheng, M. Xiang, B. Liu, RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 5690-5696.
[21]	S. Zhou, Y. Liu, J. Li, Y. Wang, G. Jiang, Z. Zhao, D. Wang, A. Duan, J. Liu, Y. Wei, Appl. Catal. B, 2014, 158- 159, 20-29.
[22]	X. Zhong, M. Jin, H. Dong, L. Liu, L. Wang, H. Yu, S. Leng, G. Zhuang, X. Li, J. Wang, J. Solid State Chem., 2014, 220, 54-59.
[23]	S. Ge, H. Jia, H. Zhao, Z. Zheng, L. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 3052-3058.
[24]	F. A. Qaraah, S. A. Mahyoub, M. E. Hafez, G. Xiu, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 39561-39571.
[25]	J. Xue, R. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Qiu, Dalton Trans., 2016, 45, 16519-16525.
[26]	G. Liu, L. Zhao, R. Sun, W. Chen, M. Hu, M. Liu, X. Duan, T. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 259, 20-27.
[27]	W. Liao, M. Murugananthan, Y. Zhang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 8877-8884.
[28]	M. Liang, T. Borjigin, Y. Zhang, B. Liu, H. Liu, H. Guo, Appl. Catal. B, 2019, 243, 566-575.
[29]	Y. Zheng, L. Lin, X. Ye, F. Guo, X. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 11926-11930.
[30]	Y. Jiang, F. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Hong, P. Liu, L. Ni, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2016, 41, 130-140.
[31]	Q.-Z. Huang, J.-C. Wang, P.-P. Wang, H.-C. Yao, Z.-J. Li, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42, 6683-6694.
[32]	J. Wang, G. Wang, J. Jiang, Z. Wan, Y. Su, H. Tang, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 564, 322-332.
[33]	X. Yang, S. Wang, N. Yang, W. Zhou, P. Wang, K. Jiang, S. Li, H. Song, X. Ding, H. Chen, J. Ye, Appl. Catal. B, 2019, 259, 118088.
[34]	J. Liu, T. Zhang, Z. Wang, G. Dawson, W. Chen, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 14398-14401.
[35]	F. Dong, Z. Zhao, T. Xiong, Z. Ni, W. Zhang, Y. Sun, W.-K. Ho, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5, 11392-11401.
[36]	C. Li, S. Yu, H. Dong, C. Liu, H. Wu, H. Che, G. Chen, Appl. Catal. B, 2018, 238, 284-293.
[37]	W. Wang, D. Xu, B. Cheng, J. Yu, C. Jiang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 5020-5029.
[38]	K. Skrodczky, M. M. Antunes, X. Han, S. Santangelo, G. Scholz, A. A. Valente, N. Pinna, P. A. Russo, Commun. Chem., 2019, 2, 129.
[39]	S. Hemmati, G. Li, X. Wang, Y. Ding, Y. Pei, A. Yu, Z. Chen, Nano Energy, 2019, 56, 118-126.
[40]	H. Wu, C. Li, H. Che, H. Hu, W. Hu, C. Liu, J. Ai, H. Dong, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 440, 308-319.
[41]	Y. Lian, D. Wang, S. Hou, C. Ban, J. Zhao, H. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta, 2020, 330, 135204.
[42]	P. Lin, J. Shen, X. Yu, Q. Liu, D. Li, H. Tang, Ceram. Int., 2019, 45, 24656-24663.
[43]	H. S. H. Mohamed, L. Wu, C.-F. Li, Z.-Y. Hu, J. Liu, Z. Deng, L.-H. Chen, Y. Li, B.-L. Su, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11, 32957-32968.
[44]	K. Su, H. Liu, B. Zeng, Z. Zhang, N. Luo, Z. Huang, Z. Gao, F. Wang, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 1324-1333.
[45]	Z. Dai, H. Dai, Y. Zhou, D. Liu, G. Duan, W. Cai, Y. Li, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 2, 1500167.
[46]	X. Dang, M. Xie, F. Dai, J. Guo, J. Liu, X. Lu, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 8, 2100151.
[47]	M. Sayed, B. Zhu, P. Kuang, X. Liu, B. Cheng, A. A. al Ghamdi, S. Wageh, L. Zhang, J. Yu, Adv. Sustain. Syst., 2021, 6, 2100264.
[48]	K. Qi, B. Cheng, J. Yu, W. Ho, Chin. J. Catal., 2017, 38, 1936-1955.
[49]	T. Zhang, M. Maihemllti, K. Okitsu, D. Talifur, Y. Tursun, A. Abulizi, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2021, 556, 149828.
[50]	L. Li, J. Deng, R. Yu, J. Chen, Z. Wang, X. Xing, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 11894-11900.
[51]	L. Wang, Y. Li, P. Han, Sci. Rep., 2021, 11, 22950.
[52]	G. T. S. T. da Silva, K. T. G. Carvalho, O. F. Lopes, C. Ribeiro, Appl. Catal. B, 2017, 216, 70-79.
[53]	Z. Xu, J. Jiang, Q. Zhang, G. Chen, L. Zhou, L. Li, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2020, 563, 131-138.
[54]	J. Qian, Y. Xue, Y. Ao, P. Wang, C. Wang, Chin. J. Catal., 2018, 39, 682-692.
[55]	X. Zhu, J. Liu, Z. Zhao, J. Yan, Y. Xu, Y. Song, H. Ji, H. Xu, H. Li, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 38682-38690.
[56]	R. Rajendran, S. Vignesh, S. Suganthi, V. Raj, G. Kavitha, B. Palanivel, M. Shkir, H. Algarni, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2022, 161, 110391.
[57]	B. Zhang, X. Hu, E. Liu, J. Fan, Chin. J. Catal., 2021, 42, 1519-1529.
[58]	T. Jiang, K. Wang, T. Guo, X. Wu, G. Zhang, Chin. J. Catal., 2020, 41, 161-169.
[59]	Y. Wu, Z. Liu, Y. Li, J. Chen, X. Zhu, P. Na, Chin. J. Catal., 2019, 40, 60-69.
[60]	X. Li, J. Xiong, Y. Xu, Z. Feng, J. Huang, Chin. J. Catal., 2019, 40, 424-433.
[61]	A. G. P. Maloney, P. A. Wood, S. Parsons, CrystEngComm, 2014, 16, 3867-3882.
[62]	A. S. Rajpurohit, R. Rajesh, R. R. Muhamed, M. Jaccob, A. J. Adaikala Baskar, V. Kannappan, Heliyon, 2019, 5, e02155.
[63]	M. A. Bajiri, A. Hezam, K. Namratha, B. M. Al-Maswari, H. S. BhojyaNaik, K. Byrappa, N. Al-Zaqri, A. Alsalme, R. Alasmari, New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 13499-13511.
[64]	L. Liang, S. Gao, J. Zhu, L. Wang, Y. Xiong, X. Xia, L. Yang, Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 391, 123599.
[65]	C. M. So, M. Y. Cheng, J. C. Yu, P. K. Wong, Chemosphere, 2002, 46, 905-912.
[66]	N. Daneshvar, D. Salari, A. R. Khataee, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2003, 157, 111-116.
[67]	Y. Hong, Y. Jiang, C. Li, W. Fan, X. Yan, M. Yan, W. Shi, Appl. Catal. B, 2016, 180, 663-673.
[68]	B. Yan, C. Du, G. Yang, Small, 2020, 16, 1905700.
[69]	F. He, B. Zhu, B. Cheng, J. Yu, W. Ho, W. Macyk, Appl. Catal. B, 2020, 272, 119006.
[70]	L. Wang, B. Cheng, L. Zhang, J. Yu, Small, 2021, 17, 2103447.
[71]	F. Xu, K. Meng, B. Cheng, S. Wang, J. Xu, J. Yu, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 4613.
[72]	N. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M.-Q. Yang, Z.-R. Tang, Y.-J. Xu, J. Catal., 2013, 299, 210-221.
[73]	J. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Cao, J. Chen, W. Li, Y. Shao, Y. Zheng, D. Li, Appl. Catal. B, 2013, 136- 137, 94-102.
[74]	J. Wang, G. Wang, B. Cheng, J. Yu, J. Fan, Chin. J. Catal., 2021, 42, 56-68.
[75]	K. Wang, G. Zhang, J. Li, Y. Li, X. Wu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9, 43704-43715.
[76]	Z. Zeng, K. Li, T. Yuan, Y. Liang, J. Yang, G. Yang, K. Wang, Z. Xiong, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 2021, 32, 9972-9989.
[77]	H. Yu, Y. Liu, M. Xu, S. Cong, M. Liu, D. Zou, J. Cleaner Prod., 2021, 316, 128136.
[78]	T. S. Natarajan, M. Thomas, K. Natarajan, H. C. Bajaj, R. J. Tayade, Chem. Eng. J., 2011, 169, 126-134.

Construction of 3D flowers-like O-doped g-C₃N₄-[N-doped Nb₂O₅/C] heterostructure with direct S-scheme charge transport and highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Supporting Information

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	Binbin Zhao, Wei Zhong, Feng Chen, Ping Wang, Chuanbiao Bie, Huogen Yu. High-crystalline g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: Synthesis, structure modulation, and H₂-evolution application [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 127-143.
[2]	Lijuan Sun, Xiaohui Yu, Liyong Tang, Weikang Wang, Qinqin Liu. Hollow dodecahedron K₃PW₁₂O₄₀/CdS core-shell S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic synergistic H₂ evolution and benzyl alcohol oxidation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 164-175.
[3]	Mingming Song, Xianghai Song, Xin Liu, Weiqiang Zhou, Pengwei Huo. Enhancing photocatalytic CO₂ reduction activity of ZnIn₂S₄/MOF-808 microsphere with S-scheme heterojunction by in situ synthesis method [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 51(8): 180-192.
[4]	Houwei He, Zhongliao Wang, Kai Dai, Suwen Li, Jinfeng Zhang. LSPR-enhanced carbon-coated In₂O₃/W₁₈O₄₉ S-scheme heterojunction for efficient CO₂ photoreduction [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 48(5): 267-278.
[5]	Ning Li, Xueyun Gao, Junhui Su, Yangqin Gao, Lei Ge. Metallic WO₂-decorated g-C₃N₄ nanosheets as noble-metal-free photocatalysts for efficient photocatalysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 47(4): 161-170.
[6]	Eun Hyup Kim, Min Hee Lee, Jeehye Kim, Eun Cheol Ra, Ju Hyeong Lee, Jae Sung Lee. Synergy between single atoms and nanoclusters of Pd/g-C₃N₄ catalysts for efficient base-free CO₂ hydro-genation to formic acid [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 47(4): 214-221.
[7]	Qian Li, Qijun Tang, Peiyao Xiong, Dongzhi Chen, Jianmeng Chen, Zhongbiao Wu, Haiqiang Wang. Effect of palladium chemical states on CO₂ photocatalytic reduction over g-C₃N₄: Distinct role of single-atomic state in boosting CH₄ production [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 46(3): 177-190.
[8]	Han Li, Shanren Tao, Sijie Wan, Guogen Qiu, Qing Long, Jiaguo Yu, Shaowen Cao. S-scheme heterojunction of ZnCdS nanospheres and dibenzothiophene modified graphite carbon nitride for enhanced H₂ production [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 46(3): 167-176.
[9]	Zhijie Zhang, Xuesheng Wang, Huiling Tang, Deben Li, Jiayue Xu. Modulation of Fermi level gap and internal electric field over Cs₃Bi₂Br₉@V_O-In₂O₃S-scheme heterojunction for boosted charge separation and CO₂ photoconversion [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 55(12): 227-240.
[10]	You Wu, Yi Yang, Miaoli Gu, Chuanbiao Bie, Haiyan Tan, Bei Cheng, Jingsan Xu. 1D/0D heterostructured ZnIn₂S₄@ZnO S-scheme photocatalysts for improved H₂O₂ preparation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 53(10): 123-133.
[11]	Qing-Wen Gui, Fan Teng, Peng Yu, Yi-Fan Wu, Zhi-Bin Nong, Long-Xi Yang, Xiang Chen, Tian-Bao Yang, Wei-Min He. Visible light-induced Z-scheme V₂O₅/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction catalyzed cascade reaction of unactivated alkenes [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 44(1): 111-116.
[12]	Bo Lin, Mengyang Xia, Baorong Xu, Ben Chong, Zihao Chen, Guidong Yang. Bio-inspired nanostructured g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts: A comprehensive review [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(8): 2141-2172.
[13]	Zhongliao Wang, Bei Cheng, Liuyang Zhang, Jiaguo Yu, Youji Li, S. Wageh, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi. S-Scheme 2D/2D Bi₂MoO₆/BiOI van der Waals heterojunction for CO₂ photoreduction [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(7): 1657-1666.
[14]	Kaiyi Su, Chaofeng Zhang, Yehong Wang, Jian Zhang, Qiang Guo, Zhuyan Gao, Feng Wang. Unveiling the highly disordered NbO₆ units as electron-transfer sites in Nb₂O₅ photocatalysis with N-hydroxyphthalimide under visible light irradiation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(7): 1894-1905.
[15]	Zhenlong Zhao, Ji Bian, Lina Zhao, Hongjun Wu, Shuai Xu, Lei Sun, Zhijun Li, Ziqing Zhang, Liqiang Jing. Construction of 2D Zn-MOF/BiVO₄ S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic CO₂ conversion under visible light irradiation [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(5): 1331-1340.