催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 78: 7-24.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64824-8

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

鸡尾酒型催化: 催化活性中心的动态本质与统一理论框架

Anton L. Maximova,*(), Mikhail P. Egorovb,*()   

  1. a俄罗斯科学院托普切夫石油化学合成研究所, 莫斯科, 俄罗斯
    b俄罗斯科学院泽林斯基有机化学研究所, 莫斯科, 俄罗斯
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 接受日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: max@ips.ac.ru (A. Maximov), mpe@ioc.ac.ru (M. Egorov).

Discovery and development of cocktail-type catalysis

Anton L. Maximova,*(), Mikhail P. Egorovb,*()   

  1. aTopchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
    bZelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • Received:2025-05-18 Accepted:2025-07-28 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: *E-mail: max@ips.ac.ru (A. Maximov), mpe@ioc.ac.ru (M. Egorov).
  • About author:Anton Maximov (Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences) was born in 1970 in Moscow. He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) in 1992, and received his Ph.D. degree in 1996 at MSU. He received his Doctor of Sciences degree in 2005 at the MSU. In 2013 he was awarded the Russian government prize in science and technology. In 2019, he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 2025, he became an Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of chemistry He is the director of Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis (from 2017). The co-author of >300 publications and 50 patents. His research interests focus on refining and petroleum chemistry, catalysis, C1-chemistry and biorefining.
    Mikhail Egorov (Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) was born in 1953 in Zvenigorod (Moscow region). He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) in 1976, and received his Ph.D. degree in 1980 at MSU. In 1988-1989 he was a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He received his Doctor of Sciences degree in 1992 at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1997, he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 2008, he became an Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of organic chemistry. In 2001, he was awarded the Russian State Prize for outstanding achievements in science and technology. He was the director of Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (2003-2023). Currently, he is the Head of Division of Chemistry and Materials Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (from 2017). The co-author of >300 publications. His research interests focus on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry.

摘要:

催化是现代化学的基石, 不仅推动了可持续工艺的发展,也在关键化学品的生产中发挥了重要作用. 然而, 催化领域面临的一个根本性挑战在于理解催化活性物种的本质和活性中心结构, 特别是均相与多相体系的关键催化机理. 本综述阐述了“鸡尾酒”型催化的概念, 揭示了催化活性物种并非静态不变的, 而是在反应过程中通过分子配合物、团簇和纳米颗粒的相互转化而动态演化. 这种催化模式挑战了传统的催化机制观点, 弥合了均相与多相催化之间的界限, 并引发了关于建立统一催化理论的思考. 研究表明, 催化剂的自适应行为在构建更高效、更具选择性和稳定性的催化体系中具有重要意义. “鸡尾酒”型策略不仅在基础研究中具有深远影响, 更在工业催化、绿色化学和合成方法学等领域也展现出广阔的应用前景. 通过引入催化动力学的理念, 为开发适用于多种转化过程的下一代高效催化剂提供了新的机遇.

关键词: 催化, 机理, 均相催化, 多相催化, 催化活性中心动力学, 催化剂活化, 催化剂失活

Abstract:

Catalysis is a cornerstone of modern chemistry, enabling the development of sustainable processes and the production of essential chemicals. However, a fundamental challenge in catalysis lies in understanding the nature of the catalytic species and active centers, particularly the key mechanistic understanding of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. This review describes the concept of “cocktail”-type catalysis, demonstrating that catalytic active species are not static but evolve through the interconversion of molecular complexes, clusters, and nanoparticles. By bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, this paradigm challenges conventional mechanistic views and initiates discussions for a universal theory of catalysis. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive catalyst behavior, leading to more efficient, selective, and robust catalytic systems. The impact of the “cocktail”-type approach extends beyond fundamental research, offering practical applications in industrial catalysis, green chemistry, and synthetic methodologies. By embracing catalytic dynamics, new opportunities arise for designing next-generation catalysts that are both versatile and highly effective in diverse transformations.

Key words: Catalysis, Mechanisms, Homogeneous catalysis, Heterogeneous catalysis, Dynamics of catalytic centers, Catalyst activation, Catalyst degradation