催化学报

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/双金属中心锚定在氮化碳: 室气体转化和有机光合成的可持续路线

兰青a, 靳素娟a, 焦莹莹b,c,*, 张志明b,*   

  1. a南阳师范学院化学与制药工程学院, 河南省太阳能催化工程技术研究中心, 河南南阳 473061;
    b天津理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 新能源材料与低碳技术研究所, 天津 300384;
    c郑州师范学院化学化工学院, 河南郑州 450044
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21 接受日期:2025-12-09
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: yyjiao0210@163.com (焦莹莹), zmzhang@email.tjut.edu.cn (张志明).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(92580109); 天津市自然科学基金(25JCZDJC00570); 河南省自然科学基金(252300423754); 河南省高校重点科研项目(26A150049, 26B430036, 24B430015); 南阳市科技计划科技研发项目(24KJGG106); 南阳师范学院专项项目(2024PY003).

Anchoring single/dual metal centers on carbon nitride: Sustainable routes for greenhouse gas conversion and organic photosynthesis

Qing Lana, Su-Juan Jina, Ying-Ying Jiaob,c,*, Zhi-Ming Zhangb,*   

  1. aEngineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China;
    bInstitute of New Energy Materials & Low Carbon Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China;
    cCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-08-21 Accepted:2025-12-09
  • Contact: *E-mail: yyjiao0210@163.com (Y. Jiao), zmzhang@email.tjut.edu.cn (Z. Zhang).
  • About author:Ying-Ying Jiao (Tianjin University of Technology, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies) obtained her PhD degree from Zheng-zhou University. From 2022 to 2023, she studied at the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain as an exchange student. In 2023, she joined the Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology. Her research interests focus on the application of carbon nitride based semiconductor materials in the field of photocatalysis. Zhi-Ming Zhang (Tianjin University of Technology, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies) received the PhD degree in inorganic chemistry from Northeast Normal University in 2010. He was an iCHEM fellow at Xiamen University, and a visiting scholar at University of Chicago during 2013-2015. His research focuses on controlled synthesis of clusters, catalyst@photosensitiser composite catalytic systems. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers, such as Nat. Synth., PANS, Natl. Sci. Rev., CCS Chem, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem., Nat. Commun. and Adv. Mater. with over 10000 times citations, in which 12 papers are listed as highly cited papers by ESI.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (92580109), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City of China (25JCZDJC00570), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (252300423754), the Key Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (26A150049, 26B430036, 24B430015), the Science and Technology Research Project of Nanyang City's Science and Technology Plan (24KJGG106), and the Special Project of Nanyang Normal University (2024PY003).

摘要: 全球的快速发展造成了严重的温室气体效应, 导致了严峻的环境问题. 光催化二氧化碳还原和甲烷氧化为增值化学品是一项非常有前途的技术, 它以清洁、可再生的光能为驱动力, 不仅能有效捕获并转化大气中的温室气体, 降低其浓度以缓解温室效应, 还能将这些原本的“环境负担”转化为甲醇、甲酸、烯烃等高价值燃料或化工原料, 既为解决能源短缺问题开辟了新路径, 又实现了“碳减排”与“资源增值”的双重目标, 对推动可持续发展具有深远意义.
本文系统综述了石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)基单原子催化剂(SACs)与双原子催化剂(DACs)在温室气体转化和有机光合成领域的最新研究进展. 基于g-C3N4独特的共轭结构、可调的电子特性以及优异的光化学稳定性, 重点围绕催化剂的设计思路与合成方法展开深入探讨, 既涵盖了高温热解、湿化学沉积和光还原等传统制备策略的优化升级, 也囊括了模板辅助合成等新型技术的创新应用. 在反应机理层面, 结合先进的原位表征技术与理论计算模拟, 详细剖析了g-C3N4载体与单/双金属活性位点之间的电子传递路径、中间体吸附-脱附行为, 以及催化反应的决速步骤. 同时, 聚焦催化剂的实际应用场景, 全面阐述了其在温室气体转化和有机光合成中的性能表现与构效关系. 此外, 本文进一步强调了该研究领域的三大前沿发展趋势: (1)借助球差校正电子显微镜、同步辐射等高级表征手段, 实现对原子级活性位点的精准识别与动态监测; (2)发展精密合成技术, 精准调控活性金属原子的配位环境与空间分布, 提升催化剂的选择性与稳定性; (3)深入阐明金属-载体相互作用机制, 为高效催化剂的理性设计提供理论支撑, 最终为该领域的后续研究指明了清晰且具有前瞻性的方向.
综上, g-C3N4基SACs/DACs制备存在金属负载量较低、分散难等问题, 需要开发新的合成策略; DACs具有协同优势, 却面临结构调控、合成表征等挑战; 温室气体转化研究尚处起步阶段, 目前产物多为C1化合物, 多碳及含氮化合物合成仍是关键难题. 期待本文激发相关研究人员深入思考, 并进一步推动光催化技术在温室气体转化和有机光合成领域中的实际应用.

关键词: 单/双原子, 金属中心, 氮化碳, 温室气体转化, 有机光合成

Abstract: Single-atom and dual-atom catalysts (SACs/DACs) have attracted significant interest owing to their maximized atom utilization efficiency and distinctive synergistic properties. Nevertheless, the fabrication of highly efficient and stable SACs/DACs continues to present considerable challenges, largely due to elevated surface energy and the complexity of achieving precise coordination environments and spatial distribution of metallic sites. Effective regulation of chemical bonding between metal centers and supporting matrices is crucial to suppress aggregation tendencies. Carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained prominence as a robust scaffold for immobilizing SACs and DACs, attributed to its well-defined electronic configuration, notable chemical stability, and customizable surface characteristics. A dynamic electronic interplay is observed: metal species tailor the electronic properties of g-C3N4, while the support reciprocally modulates the catalytic behavior of metal active sites. This review comprehensively outlines recent progress in g-C3N4-based SACs and DACs, with focused discussion on synthetic methodologies, reaction mechanisms, and applications in greenhouse gas transformation and photosynthetic organic synthesis. Furthermore, the article emphasizes emerging trends in advanced characterization, precision synthesis, and the elucidation of bidirectional metal-support interactions, offering insightful directions for subsequent research in the field.

Key words: Single/dual atom, Mental centers, Carbon nitride, Greenhouse gas conversion, Organic photosynthesis