催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 89: 76-101.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65136-4

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铜基分子筛NH3-SCR催化剂的基本见解:二十年的进展和未来展望

刘瑞源a, 殷成阳b, 钟城明a,*(), 侯嘉a, 宋潇飞a, 刘坚a, 赵震a,b,*()   

  1. a中国石油大学(北京)理学院,重质油国家重点实验室,北京 102249
    b沈阳师范大学化学化工学院,能源与环境催化研究所,辽宁沈阳 110034
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-28 接受日期:2026-02-14 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: zhongchengming2022@126.com (钟城明),
    zhenzhao@cup.edu.cn/zhaozhen1586@163.com (赵震).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(U25A20557);国家自然科学基金(22572131);国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3500601);国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3500603);国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3504100)

Fundamental insight into copper-based zeolite catalysts for NH3-SCR: Two decades’ progress and future perspectives

Ruiyuan Liua, Chengyang Yinb, Chengming Zhonga,*(), Jia Houa, Xiaofei Songa, Jian Liua, Zhen Zhaoa,b,*()   

  1. aState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    bInstitute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2025-12-28 Accepted:2026-02-14 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: *E-mail:zhongchengming2022@126.com(C. Zhong),zhenzhao@cup.edu.cn/zhaozhen1586@163.com(Z. Zhao).
  • About author:Chengming Zhong (College of Science & State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing) He received his M.S. degree from China University of Petroleum-Beijing in 2020. Since 2020, he has been pursuing his Ph.D. degree at China University of Petroleum-Beijing. His research interests are focused on catalyst design and catalysis nature study for environmental catalysis, especially for vehicle exhaust emission control and industrial flue gas emission control from non-electric industries. He has published 2 peer-reviewed papers and been granted 1 authorized invention patent.
    Zhen Zhao (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University) received his Ph.D. degree in 1996 from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 1997 to 2002, he conducted postdoctoral research at National Institute for Resources and Environment (AIST, Japan), National Institute of Industrial Technology (Osaka, Japan), and Lehigh University (USA). Now, he is a Distinguished Professor “Changjiang Scholars Program”, Second Class Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at China University of Petroleum (Beijing); Shenyang Normal University Special Professor Hired, Dean of the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Shenyang Normal University, and Director of Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment. His research interests are focused on catalyst design and catalysis nature study for the energy catalysis; environmental catalysis and rare earth catalysis, especially for diesel exhaust purification, petrochemical conversion of oil and gas, and CO2 conversion and utilization. He has published more than 600 peer-reviewed papers with over 26800 citations and an H-index of 85, and has been an Elsevier Highly Cited Chinese Researcher for 11 consecutive years with more than 60 authorized invention patents.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25A20557);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22572131);National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3500601);National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3500603);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3504100)

摘要:

氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术凭借其高效、成熟的工艺优势, 依然是当前脱除NOx的主流后处理方案. 在众多催化剂体系中, 铜交换分子筛(Cu基分子筛)因其优异的宽温窗口及环境友好特性, 被公认为该领域的代表性催化剂. 然而, 实际工况中复杂的水热老化、硫中毒等问题严重制约了催化剂的长周期稳定运行. 深入理解其构效关系与失活机制对于推动下一代高性能催化剂的理性设计具有重要理论价值与实践意义. 基于此, 本文系统梳理了Cu基分子筛的研究进展, 旨在建立从基础认知到实际应用的完整知识体系.

本文遵循“结构-性能-机理-优化”的逻辑主线, 首先评述了MFI, CHA, AEI, LTA等典型分子筛拓扑结构的催化特性, 从微观角度揭示了孔道结构、酸性位分布对NOx转化效率的调控规律. 在反应机理层面, 本文整合了双ZCuOH活性位点上连续双NO活化的完整反应路径, 进一步完善了经典的L-NH3(NH3结合于溶剂化Cu2+离子)还原半环活化模型, 为理解Cu基分子筛的本征催化活性提供了更为精确的理论框架. 针对水热稳定性这一关键瓶颈, 本文深入总结了Cu-SSZ-13分子筛水热老化的基本原理与最新研究见解, 并着重论证了Cu-SSZ-39作为新一代优选候选材料的结构优势. 在抗中毒性能方面, 本文细致剖析了Cu-CHA催化剂的SO2中毒微观机制, 提出通过原子尺度精准调控Cu物种的分布状态, 可实现抗硫性能与水热稳定性的协同提升. 此外, 本文还系统评估了构建保护/牺牲位点、共结晶策略及核壳结构设计等补充改性手段的积极作用. 面对未来扩散限制带来的传质挑战, 本文特别关注了二维PST-9分子筛与OFF/ERI共生分子筛等新型材料体系的开发潜力, 为突破传统三维分子筛的孔道限制提供了新思路.

展望未来, Cu基分子筛催化剂将持续朝着更高活性、更强耐久性、更低成本的方向演进. 随着合成化学、表征技术与计算模拟的深度融合, 数据驱动的催化剂高通量筛选与智能设计将逐步落地. 本文建立的结构-性能关联规律与失活机制解析方法, 将为领域创新发展提供坚实支撑, 最终推动NH3-SCR技术在严苛排放法规下实现工程化应用与产业化升级.

关键词: 铜基分子筛, 氨选择性催化还原, 反应机理, 水热稳定性, 抗硫性

Abstract:

Amidst tightening mobile-source emission regulations, ammonia selective catalytic reduction remains the dominant post-treatment technology for NOx removal, with copper-exchanged zeolites (Cu-zeolites) serving as benchmark catalysts. Here, we systematically survey zeolite topologies—such as MFI, CHA, AEI, and LTA—evaluating their catalytic performance, reaction mechanisms, hydrothermal stability, and resistance to poisoning. A comprehensive overall pathway of sequential two-NO activation on dual ZCuOH sites is unified and complements the established L-NH3 (NH3 bond to solvated Cu2+ ions) activation model in the Reduction Half-Cycle. This work provides fundamental insights into the performance, hydrothermal stability, and SO2 resistance of Cu-based zeolites. Therefore, the fundamentals and new mechanistic insights of hydrothermal aging are summarized over Cu-SSZ-13, while highlighting Cu-SSZ-39 as an intrinsically robust successor. We dissect the SO2 poisoning mechanisms of Cu-CHA, demonstrating that engineering the atomic-scale distribution of Cu enhances both sulfur tolerance and hydrothermal stability. Supplementary strategies (e.g., constructing protective/sacrificial sites, co-crystallization, and core-shell structures) are also considered beneficial. Beyond durability, we also focus on the two-dimensional PST-9 zeolite and OFF/ERI intergrowths zeolite for the future challenge of diffusion. Finally, we outline future research frontiers, aiming to unify Cu-zeolite theory into a mechanistic framework that translates fundamental insights into rational design principles for next-generation catalysts.

Key words: Cu-zeolites, Ammonia selective catalytic reduction, Reaction mechanism, Hydrothermal stability, Sulfur tolerance