富电子Y2O3‒x-Ni界面促进高效低温CO2甲烷化反应

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65012-7

催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 84: 200-213.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65012-7

富电子Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni界面促进高效低温CO₂甲烷化反应

范海峰^a^,¹, 许狄^a^,¹(), 曾婷^a^,¹, 侯国强^a, 李洋洋^a, 黄思懿^a, 徐艳飞^a, 王政^c, 高新华^c, 顾向奎^a(), 定明月^a^,^b()

^a 武汉大学动力与机械学院, 湖北武汉 430072
^b 武汉大学碳中和研究院, 教育部碳中和行动的认知与成效评估工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430072
^c 宁夏大学化学化工学院, 煤炭高效利用与绿色化工国家重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-09-11 接受日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-04-16
通讯作者: * x_d@whu.edu.cn (许狄),
xiangkuigu@whu.edu.cn (顾向奎),
dingmy@whu.edu.cn (定明月).
作者简介:¹共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1504700);国家自然科学基金(22308266);国家自然科学基金(U22A20394);国家自然科学基金(U21A20317);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2022CFA017)

Highly efficient electron-enriched Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces boosting low-temperature CO₂ methanation

Haifeng Fan^a^,¹, Di Xu^a^,¹(), Ting Zeng^a^,¹, Guoqiang Hou^a, Yangyang Li^a, Siyi Huang^a, Yanfei Xu^a, Zheng Wang^c, Xinhua Gao^c, Xiang-Kui Gu^a(), Mingyue Ding^a^,^b()

^a School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
^b Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbon-neutrality Efforts, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
^c State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China

Received:2025-09-11 Accepted:2025-12-31 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-04-16
Contact: *E-mail: x_d@whu.edu.cn (D. Xu),
xiangkuigu@whu.edu.cn (X.-K. Gu),
dingmy@whu.edu.cn (M. Ding).
About author:¹Contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Plan Project of China(2022YFA1504700);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308266);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20394);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20317);Innovative Groups in Hubei Province(2022CFA017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化碳(CO₂)甲烷化技术可实现CO₂减排、绿氢存储和能源安全保障, 是一种具有前景的碳回收与储能技术. 传统镍(Ni)基催化剂通常在300‒500 ºC表现出较高的反应活性, 但能耗高、催化剂烧结失活, 且与重排放工业烟气出口温度(150‒300 ºC)不匹配, 限制其应用. 因此, 开发低温下具有高活性的CO₂甲烷化催化剂至关重要. 近来, 反相催化剂(如氧化物团簇负载于金属表面)因其独特的氧化物-金属强相互作用, 表现出优异的低温(< 250 ºC)甲烷化活性. 然而, 对于反相催化剂的界面结构及其高CO₂甲烷化活性的根本原因, 目前仍缺乏足够的理解.

本文设计制备了一种高活性的Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂用于CO₂甲烷化反应, 并对其结构与性能之间的关系进行了深入研究. 性能评价结果显示, 该催化剂在220 ºC下CO₂转化率高达80.1%, 显著高于Ni/Y₂O₃催化剂的2.7%. 在160‒340 ºC的宽温度范围内甲烷(CH₄)选择性接近100%, 未检测到CO副产物. 同时, 该催化剂在220 ºC下长达400 h的稳定性测试中未观察到明显失活现象, CO₂转化率始终保持在80%左右. 原位X-射线衍射、透射电镜和H₂-程序升温还原结果表明, Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂上小尺寸的Y₂O₃纳米颗粒锚定在Ni颗粒表面, 形成了独特的Y₂O₃-Ni界面, 该界面在反应条件下能够保持动态的氧化还原状态, 从而保证了催化剂良好的稳定性, 同时Y₂O₃与Ni之间存在较强的相互作用, 抑制了活性金属Ni的烧结. 准原位X-射线光电子能谱和理论计算结果证实, 在Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂的Y₂O₃-Ni界面上形成了富电子的部分还原Y₂O_3‒_x物种, 削弱了反应物及反应中间体的C=O键, 从而显著降低了*CO₂和*HCO解离的能垒. 相比之下, Ni/Y₂O₃催化剂上Y₂O₃还原困难, Ni-Y₂O₃界面上氧空位形成能较高. H₂-程序升温脱附(TPD)、CO₂-TPD及CO吸附红外结果表明, 相比于Ni/Y₂O₃催化剂, Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂上多为弱/中等强度的碱性位点, CO吸附强度也相对较弱, 结合丰富的H₂活化位点, 从而在活性界面上产生了较高的H₂/CO_x比例, 显著促进*CO氢化过程, 这些特性共同促进了Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂在低温条件下的CO₂加氢反应进程. 原位红外及理论计算结果显示, 低温时, Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂上相比于甲酸盐路径, CO路径的能垒更低, 因此主要遵循CO路径. 具体反应过程为CO₂在Y₂O₃-Ni界面上直接解离为*CO和*O物种, 然后*CO与邻近大量*H物种迅速加氢生成*HCO中间体, 随后进一步加氢得到CH₄, 反应决速步骤由常规*HCO中C=O键的断裂变为*CO物种加氢生成*HCO过程. 而在Ni/Y₂O₃催化剂上主要遵循甲酸盐路径, 其中部分*CO₂在金属Ni上被分解为*CO物种, 该*CO在催化剂上吸附较强, 一方面不利于后续加氢转化, 另一方面占据Ni位点, 抑制*H物种的生成, 削弱*HCOO物种的加氢反应, 因此低温CO₂甲烷化活性较差.

综上, 本工作制备的Y₂O₃/Ni催化剂在低温条件下实现了CO₂高效转化为CH₄, 阐明了Y₂O₃-Ni界面结构与CO₂甲烷化性能间的关系, 为开发出不仅适用于CO₂甲烷化反应, 而且适用于其他CO₂利用途径的更高效低温催化剂提供了新思路.

关键词: 电子富集, Y₂O_3?_x-Ni界面, 反应机理, 低温CO₂甲烷化

Abstract:

CO₂ methanation technology has shown great application prospects in carbon neutrality and hydrogen storage due to its extremely high energy efficiency and potential economic benefits. It is highly desirable but challenging to design novel catalyst and achieve efficient and stable CO₂ methanation under mild conditions. Herein, we developed a highly active electron-enriched Y₂O₃/Ni catalyst, achieving a stable operation with ~80.1% CO₂ conversion and ~100% CH₄ selectivity for 400 h at 0.1 MPa and 220 °C, which was a 100 °C lower than the conventional supported Ni-based catalysts. Structural characterizations confirmed that the Y₂O₃/Ni catalyst maintained dynamic redox changes and formed electron-enriched Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces under reaction conditions. Mechanism studies proved that the Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces obviously lowered the energy barrier of *HCO dissociation, and shifted the rate-determining step from *HCO dissociation to *CO hydrogenation. Furthermore, profited by the moderate CO_x adsorption ability and higher H₂ coverage at the Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces, the *CO hydrogenation reaction was kinetically promoted. The above factors accounted for the excellent low-temperature CO₂ methanation activity of the Y₂O₃/Ni catalyst.

Key words: Electron enrichment, Y₂O_3?x-Ni interfaces, Reaction mechanism, Low-temperature CO₂ methanation

范海峰, 许狄, 曾婷, 侯国强, 李洋洋, 黄思懿, 徐艳飞, 王政, 高新华, 顾向奎, 定明月. 富电子Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni界面促进高效低温CO₂甲烷化反应[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 84: 200-213.

Haifeng Fan, Di Xu, Ting Zeng, Guoqiang Hou, Yangyang Li, Siyi Huang, Yanfei Xu, Zheng Wang, Xinhua Gao, Xiang-Kui Gu, Mingyue Ding. Highly efficient electron-enriched Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces boosting low-temperature CO₂ methanation[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 84: 200-213.

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链接本文: https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65012-7

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Fig. 1. Low-temperature CO2 methanation performance. (a) CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity; (b) Ea; (c) performance comparison with reported catalysts at atmospheric pressure; (d) 400 h time-on-stream (TOS) test at 220 °C. Reaction conditions: H2/CO2 = 4, 0.1 MPa, 160?340 °C, 15000 mL gcat-1 h-1.

Fig. 2. Structural characterizations of Y2O3/Ni and Ni/Y2O3 catalysts. HRTEM (a), TEM images and corresponding particle size statistics (b), and EDS mapping (c). In-situ XRD patterns of Y2O3/Ni (d,e) and Ni/Y2O3 (g,h) during H2 reduction (d,g) and CO2 hydrogenation (e,h) at different temperatures. (f) Enlarged view of (e). (i) Peak area percent of Ni and NiO after splitting peaks.

Fig. 3. Electronic properties of Y2O3-Ni interfaces. Quasi in-situ XPS of Ni 2p (a) and Y 3d (b) after different treatments. (c) Calculated oxygen vacancy formation energy. (d) Two dimension of charge density difference for interfacial OH on Y4O6H6/Ni(111) and Ni/Y2O3-OH(111). (e) Average Charge of Y atoms on Y4O6H6/Ni(111) and Y4O5H5/Ni(111), Nickel (green), Yttrium (light blue), Oxygen (red), and Hydrogen (white).

Fig. 4. Adsorption properties of Y2O3/Ni and Ni/Y2O3 catalysts. Reaction orders of CO2 (a) and H2 (b), CO2-TPD-MS (c), H2-TPD-MS (d), and corresponding adsorption capacities (e). (f) Illustration of the CO2/CO/H2 adsorption on Y2O3/Ni inverse catalyst and Ni/Y2O3 conventional catalyst.

Fig. 5. Reaction mechanism study of CO2 methanation on Y2O3/Ni catalyst. (a) In-situ DRIFTS with feed gas switching from CO2/H2 to H2. (b) Comparison of CO2-preadsorbed Y2O3/Ni under Ar and H2 atmosphere. (c) Lin-*CO intensity change on CO2-preadsorbed Y2O3/Ni and Ni/Y2O3 under Ar and H2 atmosphere. (d) Intensity changes of various species on CO2 pre-adsorbed Y2O3/Ni under H2 atmospheres. Experiment conditions: 0.1 MPa, 220 °C.

Fig. 6. Theoretical perspective of CO2 methanation mechanism on Y2O3/Ni interfaces. CO2 adsorption energies, charge difference (a) and COHP analysis (b) towards C=O bond of adsorbed CO2 on Ni(111) and Y4O5H5/Ni(111). (c) Free energy diagrams of direct CO2 dissociation and CO hydrogenation route of CO2 methanation on Y4O5H5/Ni(111) at 220 °C and 0.1 MPa. (d) Energies of key reactions on Ni(111). Nickel (green), Yttrium (light blue), Oxygen (red or pink), Carbon (black), and Hydrogen (white).

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富电子Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni界面促进高效低温CO₂甲烷化反应

Highly efficient electron-enriched Y₂O_3‒_x-Ni interfaces boosting low-temperature CO₂ methanation

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