催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 73: 62-78.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64689-4

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

双金属氧化物催化CO2加氢制备甲醇: 最新进展和挑战

吴剑峰a,b,1(), 梁丽烨a,b,1, 车政b,1, 苗宇婷b, 丑凌军a()   

  1. a中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所, 低碳催化与二氧化碳利用全国重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
    b兰州大学化学化工学院, 天然产物化学全国重点实验室, 甘肃省有色金属化学与资源利用重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28 接受日期:2025-03-07 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-06-12
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: wjf@licp.cas.cn (吴剑峰),ljchou@licp.cas.cn (丑凌军).
  • 作者简介:1共同第一作者.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22472181);甘肃省重点人才项目;甘肃省自然科学基金(24JRRA050);中国北方稀土(集团)高科技股份有限公司企业项目(BFXT-2023-D-0048);秦惠䇹与李政道中国大学生见习进修基金(LZU-JZH2534)

Bimetallic oxide catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: Recent advances and challenges

Jian-Feng Wua,b,1(), Li-Ye Lianga,b,1, Zheng Cheb,1, Yu-Ting Miaob, Lingjun Choua()   

  1. aState Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-12-28 Accepted:2025-03-07 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-06-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: wjf@licp.cas.cn (J.-F. Wu),ljchou@licp.cas.cn (L. Chou).
  • About author:Jian-Feng Wu, PhD, is an Associate Research Fellow at the State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He obtained his B.A. degree in 2008 and Ph.D. degree in 2014 from Lanzhou University, China. Following this, he conducted postdoctoral research at the Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis at the University of Kansas, USA, from 2014 to 2017. Wu has held positions at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University (2017-2023), and currently at the State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (since 2023). He was recognized as a beneficiary of the key talent program in Gansu Province in 2024 and the talent introduction program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2025. His research primarily focuses on low carbon catalysis, encompassing CO2 hydrogenation to methanol and methane conversion to CH3OH, CH3COOH, and HCOOH.
    Lingjun Chou, PhD, Professor in the State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Research major field is on catalytic material and catalytic processes related to energy conversion.
    1 Contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472181);Key Talent Project of Gansu Province;Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA050);enterprise project of China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech Co., Ltd(BFXT-2023-D-0048);Hui-Chun Chin and Tsung-Dao Lee Chinese Undergraduate Research Endowment(LZU-JZH2534)

摘要:

随着化石能源消耗加剧及CO2过量排放所导致的全球气候危机日益严重, CO2催化加氢制甲醇作为实现碳循环经济的关键路径备受关注. 传统铜基催化剂(Cu/ZnO/Al2O3)受限于水诱导失活及甲醇选择性不足等问题, 难以满足工业化需求. 双金属氧化物催化剂凭借其优异的协同效应、可调控活性位点及优异稳定性成为突破瓶颈的新方向. 尽管双金属氧化物催化剂相较传统铜基催化剂具有明显优势, 但仍面临活性和成本等挑战. 本文系统综述了2015-2024年之间双金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展, 重点探讨催化剂分类、制备方法、构效关系、反应机理及工业化潜力,旨在为高性能催化剂开发提供理论支撑.

本文系统总结了双金属氧化物在CO2加氢制备甲醇领域的研究进展. 首先, 阐述了双金属氧化物催化剂的分类体系, 主要包括: (1) Co基氧化物催化剂(如MnOx/Co3O4), 通过界面协同作用提升CO2转化率, 但甲醇选择性较低(~30%), 需通过硅基载体限域或表面改性抑制C-O断裂; (2) In基氧化物催化剂(如In2O3/ZrO2), 依托氧空位高效活化CO2和H2、稳定反应中间体, 甲醇选择性达77.3%-99.8%, 单程转化率最高达17.6%, 且千小时稳定性优异, 但水诱导氧空位消耗及铟团聚问题亟待解决; (3) MaZrOx (Ma = Zn, Ga等)固溶体催化剂, 通过Zr与M之间的协同效应和M-O键的极化促进H2异裂解离, 其中GaZrOx催化剂时空产率达760 gCH3OH+DME kgcat-1 h-1. 然后, 探讨了影响催化性能的关键因素: 晶体结构(调控表面酸碱性、活性组分分散度和载体-活性组分相互作用等)、助剂(调控活化CO2和H2的能力和反应中间体的吸附性能等)和催化剂制备方法(调控催化剂结构特性、传质和活性位点可接近性等). 其后, 进一步对比了几种催化剂的合成成本(需开发低In、Ga含量体系)以及稳定性(需工业化条件验证). 最后, 总结了双金属氧化物的催化机理. 甲酸盐路径被广泛认为是主要途径, 其中HCOO*和CH3O*为关键中间体, 氧空位与金属-载体界面(如In-VO-Zr)协同促进CO2吸附与HCOO*中间体氢化, 而RWGS路径可通过调控表面酸碱性选择性抑制.

尽管取得显著进展, 该领域仍存在亟待突破的瓶颈: (1) 现有体系低温活性不足; (2)催化剂组成局限, 新型双金属组合开发滞后; (3) ZrO2基固溶体的构效关系缺乏理论计算支撑等. 未来研究应聚焦于: 提高现有双金属氧化物催化剂的性能, 创建新型催化体系, 对双金属协同作用、活性位点结构、催化反应路径和动力学过程进行广泛的理论研究.

关键词: CO2加氢, 甲醇, 双金属氧化物, 催化性能, 反应机理

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of global energy and environmental crises, the technology of CO2 hydrogenation to produce methanol is garnering widespread attention as an innovative carbon capture and utilization solution. Bimetallic oxide catalysts have emerged as the most promising research subject in the field due to their exceptional catalytic performance and stability. The performance of bimetallic oxide catalysts is influenced by multiple factors, including the selection of carrier materials, the addition of promoters, and the synthesis process. Different types of bimetallic oxide catalysts exhibit significant differences in microstructure, surface active sites, and electronic structure, which directly determine the yield and selectivity of methanol. Although bimetallic oxide catalysts offer significant advantages over traditional copper-based catalysts, they still encounter challenges related to activity and cost. In order to enhance catalyst performance, future investigations must delve into microstructure control, surface modification, and reaction kinetics.

Key words: CO2 hydrogenation, Methanol, Bimetallic oxide catalyst, Catalytic performance, Reaction mechanism