配体-壳层工程设计Au25纳米团簇加速CO2电还原生成比例可调的合成气

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65113-3

催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 87: 396-409.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65113-3

• 论文 • 上一篇

配体-壳层工程设计Au₂₅纳米团簇加速CO₂电还原生成比例可调的合成气

李博文, 林长霖, 王琪, 伦永烽, 方俊, 宋树芹^*(), 王毅^*()

中山大学化学工程与技术学院, 材料科学与工程学院, 广东省低碳化学与节能重点实验室, PCFM实验室, 广东广州 510275

收稿日期:2026-02-03 接受日期:2026-02-15 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-06-24
通讯作者: ^*电子信箱: wangyi76@mail.sysu.edu.cn (王毅),
stsssq@mail.sysu.edu.cn (宋树芹).
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22478451);国家自然科学基金(22478450);国家自然科学基金(22408408);能源催化转化全国重点实验室(2024SKL-A-013);榆林市清洁能源创新研究院能源革命科技专项(E511030817);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515012565);中山大学引进人才启动基金(76110-12256023)

Ligand-shell engineering of a Au₂₅ nanocluster boosting CO₂ electroreduction to syngas with tunable range proportion

Bowen Li, Changlin Lin, Qi Wang, Yongfeng Lun, Jun Fang, Shuqin Song^*(), Yi Wang^*()

The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, PCFM Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China

Received:2026-02-03 Accepted:2026-02-15 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-06-24
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478451);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478450);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22408408);National State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-013);Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(E511030817);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012565);Startup Fund for Recruited Talents of Sun Yat-sen University(76110-12256023)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

具有明确分子结构的原子级精确金纳米团簇, 为建立多相催化中结构与性能之间的本征关系提供了理想研究平台. 其关键在于, 最外层的配体层构成了团簇与反应环境之间的主要界面, 在此界面上, 对金属-配体相互作用的细微调控即可显著影响体系的电子性质与催化性能. 因此, 通过金纳米团簇的配体-壳层工程, 能够在电催化过程中以原子精度识别活性位点. 尽管已有大量关于硫醇保护的金纳米团簇活性位点的研究, 但对于特定活性中心的准确辨识仍存在争议. 为此, 因此, 厘清金纳米团簇中不同活性位点在电催化过程中的各自作用, 是弥补该领域知识缺口的关键.

本研究创制了“配体剥离-热解”策略, 通过精确控制热处理温度与时间(200-400 °C, 1-3 min), 实现逐步去除配体, 从而在Au₂₅纳米团簇上原子级精准调控硫(S)与金(Au)活性位点的暴露程度. 将该策略应用于电催化二氧化碳还原反应(eCO₂RR), 成功建立了清晰的“位点-产物”构效关系. 本工作澄清了金纳米团簇在eCO₂RR中关于活性位点归属的长期争议, 明确将不同的催化结果与具体活性位点关联: S位点可高效、高选择性将CO₂转化为CO(CO法拉第效率达95.92%), 而Au位点则更倾向于进行析氢反应(H₂法拉第效率为79.34%). 基于此, 实现了通过eCO₂RR使合成气(CO:H₂)比例在0.26-25.47的宽范围内可调, 并能在流动池电解体系中直接获得关键的工业合成气比例(2:1, 1:1, 1:2), 同时维持具有商业化潜力的高电流密度(200-400 mA cm^-2). 进一步结合分子动力学模拟与密度泛函理论计算, 阐明了其催化机制: S位点凭借更强的CO₂吸附亲和力在动力学上促进CO₂还原, 而Au位点则在热力学上更有利于析氢反应, 从而建立了从原子尺度到宏观性能的关联, 为理性催化剂设计构建了一个通用平台.

综上, 本研究不仅为金纳米团簇中S与Au位点在eCO₂RR中的不同作用提供了新颖见解, 也为揭示纳米团簇催化剂的结构-性能关系建立了普适性研究平台, 对催化科学、材料及可持续能源领域的发展具有重要参考价值.

关键词: 金纳米团簇, 配体工程, 活性位点, 电催化CO₂还原反应, 合成气

Abstract:

Au nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic-level precision represent an ideal model catalyst enabling efficient CO₂-to-chemical conversion, yet the catalytic performance of distinct active sites in Au NCs remains poorly understood. In this work, ligand-shell engineering has been successfully carried out through a "ligand-stripping pyrolysis" strategy to obtain modified Au₂₅ NCs for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (eCO₂RR). Significantly, in situ pyrolysis techniques and structural characterization identify that the exposure of S/Au active sites has been precisely controlled during the adjusted thermal decomposition of the Au NCs, which establishs a clear site-product relationship. The CO/H₂ molar ratio can be precisely adjusted across an exceptionally wide range (0.26-25.47) - a span that encompasses key industrially relevant ratios, such as the 1:2 ratio optimal for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations quantitatively disclose the interaction trend between exposed S/Au sites and CO₂. S sites exhibit a superior CO₂ affinity, with the local CO₂ concentration increasing as S-site density increases, thereby kinetically promoting eCO₂RR. Theoretical calculations also reveal that S sites facilitate the stabilization of *CO₂ and *CO intermediates and promote electron transfer. In contrast, Au sites are energetically more favorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction. This study establishes an ideal platform for investigating structure-performance relationships of atomically precise NCs and provides guidance for designing metal NCs-based catalysts.

Key words: Au nanoclusters, Ligand engineering, Active sites, Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction, Syngas

李博文, 林长霖, 王琪, 伦永烽, 方俊, 宋树芹, 王毅. 配体-壳层工程设计Au₂₅纳米团簇加速CO₂电还原生成比例可调的合成气[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 87: 396-409.

Bowen Li, Changlin Lin, Qi Wang, Yongfeng Lun, Jun Fang, Shuqin Song, Yi Wang. Ligand-shell engineering of a Au₂₅ nanocluster boosting CO₂ electroreduction to syngas with tunable range proportion[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 87: 396-409.

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链接本文: https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65113-3

https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/Y2026/V87/I8/396

图/表 8

Fig. 1. In-situ TG-FTIR 2D (a) and 3D (b) top view spectra recorded at 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C of Au25(DT)18. (c) In-situ TG-MS curves of Au25(DT)18 pyrolysis process. UV-vis spectra of all samples of Au25(DT)18 treated for differnent times at 200 (d), 300 (e), and 400 °C (f).

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration for ligand disintegration process. For clarity, only one ligand is removed.

Fig. 3. High resolution Au 4f (a) and S 2p (b) XPS spectra of Au25(DT)18, Au25/200-3, Au25/300-2.5, and Au25/400-2 samples. (c) Au and S atomic percentage from XPS spectra. (d) 1H NMR spectra of experimental samples.

Fig. 4. HAADF image and element mappings of Au25/200-3 (a), Au25/400-2 (b), and Au25(DT)18 (c). (d) XRD patterns of Au25(DT)18, Au25/200-3, Au25/300-2.5, and Au25/400-2.

Fig. 5. LSV curves (a), Nyquist plot (b), and jH2 (c) of Au25(DT)18, Au25/200-3, Au25/300-2.5, and Au25/400-2 samples. (d) jCO of Au25/200 series of samples. (e) jCO of Au25/300-t series of samples. (f) jH2 of Au25/400-t series of samples.

Fig. 6. FECO (a), FEH2 (b), and molar ratio of CO/H2 (c) from eCO2RR on Au25(DT)18, Au25/200-3, Au25/300-2.5, and Au25/400-2 samples. (d) A comparison of the range of CO/ H2 molar ratio of this work with other reported catalysts. Syngas yield rate (e) and FE (f) of the flow cells with Au25(DT)18, Au25/200-3, Au25/300-2.5, and Au25/400-2 as the eCO2RR electrocatalysts.

Fig. 7. (a) Schematic diagram of Au25(DT)18 NCs removing n-dodecane and 1-dodecanethiol ligands. RDF of CO2 molecules around the S (b) and Au (c) active sites surface. (d) Initial and simulated states of the dynamic process of CO2 adsorption on ligand-removed Au25(DT)18 NCs.

Fig. 8. Free energy diagrams for CO2RR (a) and HER (b) on S and Au sites of Au25(DT)18 NCs. (c) The top and front view of differential charge density of S/Au sites, *CO2 on S/Au sites, *CO on S/Au sites of Au25(DT)18 NCs. The yellow and blue indicate electron accumulation and depletion, respectively. The isosurface level is 0.001 e Å-3. (d) DFT-calculated CO and H2 synthesis cycle on on S and Au sites of Au25(DT)18 NCs. Color code, pink: S, violet: S sites, yellow: Au, brown: Au sites, gray: C, red: O, white: H. All the ligands are replaced with -CH3 for clarity.

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配体-壳层工程设计Au₂₅纳米团簇加速CO₂电还原生成比例可调的合成气

Ligand-shell engineering of a Au₂₅ nanocluster boosting CO₂ electroreduction to syngas with tunable range proportion

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