勃姆石晶格羟基介导水为氢源的肉桂醛选择性加氢

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65103-0

催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 87: 386-395.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65103-0

勃姆石晶格羟基介导水为氢源的肉桂醛选择性加氢

何雯鑫^a^,^b^,¹, 鲁元红^a^,^b^,¹, 管晨曦^a^,^b^,¹, 侯晓慧^a^,^b, 黄瑞^a^,^b^,^*(), 邓德会^a^,^b^,^*()

^a 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁大连 116024
^b 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所, 催化基础国家重点实验室, 辽宁大连 116023

收稿日期:2025-07-28 接受日期:2026-03-13 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-06-24
通讯作者: ^*电子信箱: rhuang@dicp.ac.cn (黄瑞),
dhdeng@dicp.ac.cn (邓德会).
作者简介:¹共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(2225204);国家自然科学基金(22372019);国家自然科学基金(U24A20487);国家自然科学基金(22588201);国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1504500);国家重点研发计划(2024YFA1510103);催化基础国家重点实验室开放课题(2024SKL-A-002);催化基础国家重点实验室开放课题(N-22-02);中国科学院大连化学物理研究所创新基金(DICP I202506)

Boehmite lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde via water as hydrogen source

Wenxin He^a^,^b^,¹, Yuanhong Lu^a^,^b^,¹, Chenxi Guan^a^,^b^,¹, Xiaohui Hou^a^,^b, Rui Huang^a^,^b^,^*(), Dehui Deng^a^,^b^,^*()

^a School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
^b State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China

Received:2025-07-28 Accepted:2026-03-13 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-06-24
About author:¹Contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(2225204);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372019);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20487);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22588201);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1504500);National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1510103);State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in DICP(2024SKL-A-002);State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in DICP(N-22-02);Innovation Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(DICP I202506)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

α,β-不饱和醇(如肉桂醇)是香料、医药和精细化工领域的重要中间体, 其工业制备通常通过α,β-不饱和醛(如肉桂醛)的选择性加氢实现. 传统加氢工艺高度依赖化石燃料制备的氢气, 其制备过程能耗高(>700 °C)、储运风险高(~70 MPa)及加氢反应条件苛刻(100-300 °C)等问题. 开发以水为氢源的新型加氢体系, 从源头上规避氢气的制备与输运, 是实现绿色可持续化学合成的重要途径. 然而, 现有可活化水的氧化物载体(如CeO₂, TiO₂)虽能产生活性羟基, 但表面残余氧物种难以高效移除, 导致活性位点难以再生, 催化反应效率受限. 氧化铝(Al₂O₃)作为工业广泛应用的传统载体, 其表面缺乏可逆再生的活性羟基, 在水介导反应中活性极低. 因此, 如何在温和条件下实现活性羟基的高效生成与氧物种的快速移除, 是该反应体系面临的核心挑战.

针对上述挑战, 本文设计了一种基于勃姆石(AlOOH)负载金(Au)的催化剂(Au/AlOOH), 利用其独特的晶格羟基作为氢源, 一氧化碳(CO)作为氧受体, 成功实现了以水为氢源的肉桂醛高选择性加氢制肉桂醇. 系统研究表明, 在90 °C肉桂醛转化率达79%, 肉桂醇选择性为84%, 其收率是相同条件下用氢气加氢的两倍以上. 与之相比, 无晶格羟基的传统氧化铝负载金催化剂(Au/Al₂O₃)在相同条件下几乎无活性, 这表明了晶格羟基在水介导加氢中的决定性作用. 通过球差校正扫描透射电子显微镜、X-射线吸收精细结构谱、X-射线光电子能谱、电子顺磁共振波谱及程序升温脱附等系统表征证实, Au/AlOOH催化剂表面存在丰富的晶格羟基, 脱除后产生羟基空位, 该缺陷位点与Au衍生的Au^δ⁺物种与不饱和Al³⁺位点(Lewis酸)协同, 构筑了独特的活性界面. 通过原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱表征了该反应过程, 结果表明: 肉桂醛的C=O基团优先吸附于不饱和Al³⁺位点, 并与邻近晶格羟基发生氢键相互作用; 反应条件下, 晶格羟基直接参与C=O键的加氢, 生成肉桂醇, 同时晶格羟基被消耗; 吸附在金位点上的CO则作为高效的氧受体, 与残余氧物种反应生成CO₂, 从而再生不饱和Al³⁺位点; 体系中引入的水分子在催化剂表面解离, 快速补充消耗的晶格羟基, 构成了完整的“晶格羟基介导-水再生-CO氧移除”协同催化循环. 该机制有效突破了传统催化剂在羟基形成与氧移除之间的竞争关系, 实现了高效稳定的催化加氢性能.

综上, 本研究不仅为α,β-不饱和醛的选择性加氢提供了一条以水为氢源的绿色加氢路径, 更重要的是揭示了载体本身的晶格羟基作为活性氢物种直接参与加氢反应的机制. 这一发现拓展了对经典负载型金催化剂活性中心的认识, 并为利用稳定的非氧化还原载体(如勃姆石)负载活性金属、设计高效催化剂提供了新思路.

关键词: 选择性加氢, α,β-不饱和醛, 勃姆石, 金催化剂, 水为氢源

Abstract:

Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) using water as the hydrogen source offers a promising route to eliminate traditional H₂ preparation. However, this approach faces a trade-off between concurrently crating abundant active hydroxyls for hydrogenation and readily removing residual oxygen under mild conditions, restricting current development. Here, we report a naturally abundant lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation process over a boehmite-supported gold catalyst (Au/AlOOH), using H₂O as the hydrogen source and CO as the oxygen acceptor. This process achieves 79% CAL conversion and 84% COL selectivity at 90 °C, doubling the efficiency of H₂-based hydrogenation counterpart. In contrast, the OH-free Au/Al₂O₃ shows no activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Au/AlOOH boundary provides unsaturated Al³⁺ sites for selective C=O adsorption and lattice hydroxyls for hydrogenation, which are continuously replenished from water. CO adsorbed on Au facilitates oxygen removal, regenerating Al³⁺ sites. This work presents a practical hydrogen transfer strategy that leverages the unique lattice hydroxyls of boehmite to efficiently extract hydrogen from water.

Key words: Selective hydrogenation, α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes, Boehmite, Gold catalyst, Water as a hydrogen source

何雯鑫, 鲁元红, 管晨曦, 侯晓慧, 黄瑞, 邓德会. 勃姆石晶格羟基介导水为氢源的肉桂醛选择性加氢[J]. 催化学报, 2026, 87: 386-395.

Wenxin He, Yuanhong Lu, Chenxi Guan, Xiaohui Hou, Rui Huang, Dehui Deng. Boehmite lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde via water as hydrogen source[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 87: 386-395.

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链接本文: https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65103-0

https://www.cjcatal.com/CN/Y2026/V87/I8/386

图/表 5

Fig. 1. The screening of catalyst and hydrogen source for CAL hydrogenation. (a) Schematic illustration for the hydrogenation of CAL with CO/H2O over Au/AlOOH and with H2 over Au/Al2O3. (b) Conversion (X) and selectivity (S) comparison on the different catalysts. Reaction conditions: 70 mg catalyst, 55 mg CAL, 3 MPa CO, 8 mL H2O/1,4-dioxane (V/V, 4/4), 90 °C, 5 h. Error bars denote the standard deviation from three independent experiments. The reaction conditions are constant unless noted. (c) Stability test of Au/AlOOH and Au/MgO catalysts were performed using double CAL (110 mg). (d) Temperature effect on the catalytic performance of Au/AlOOH (H2O/1,4-dioxane = 4:4). (e) The specific molar rate and STY of Au/AlOOH with different Au content (H2O/1,4-dioxane = 4:4). (f) The hydrogenation of COL and HCAL (0.4 mmol) as substrate on Au/AlOOH. (g) Comparisons of CAL conversion and product selectivity over Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3 catalysts using different hydrogen source (H2O/1,4-dioxane = 4:4, 0:4 for H2).

Fig. 2. Structural characterizations for Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (a-d) HAADF-STEM images. (e) WT-EXAFS spectra of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3 with Au foil and Au2O3 as references. (f) XRD patterns. (g) Infrared spectra measured in transmission mode using KBr as background. (h) Catalytic performance comparison. The reaction conditions are same with Fig. 1(g).

Fig. 3. Electronic properties of catalysts. (a) XANES spectra at the Au L3-edge of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3 with Au foil and Au2O3 as references. (b) Fourier transforms of k3-weighted R-space EXAFS spectra of of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3 with Au foil and Au2O3 as references. Au 4f (c) and Al 2p (d) XPS spectra of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (e) O 1s XPS spectra of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (f) EPR spectra of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (g) NH3-TPD profiles of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (h) CO2-TPD profiles of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3. (i) CO-TPD profiles of Au/AlOOH and Au/Al2O3.

Table 1 EXAFS fitting parameters at the Au L3-edge for various samples.

Sample	Shell	CN ^a	R^b (Å)	σ^{2 c} (Å²)	ΔE₀ ^d (eV)	R factor
Au/AlOOH-used	Au-O	0.077±0.125	1.95	0.009±0.002	5.117±1.13	0.0127
Au/AlOOH-used	Au-Au	9.68±1.69	2.85	0.015±0.010	5.117±1.13	0.0127
Au/Al₂O₃-used	Au-Au	13.24±2.95	2.85	0.014±0.003	5.373±1.52	0.0203

Fig. 4. In-situ spectroscopic measurements. In-situ DRIFT spectra of CAL hydrogenation over Au/AlOOH (a) and Au/Al2O3 (b) catalysts during reaction. Condition: 100 °C, 1 MPa feed gas. (c,d) Proposed mechanism for CAL hydrogenation by water on both catalysts.

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勃姆石晶格羟基介导水为氢源的肉桂醛选择性加氢

Boehmite lattice hydroxyl-mediated selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde via water as hydrogen source

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