Synthesis of core-shell nanostructured Cr2O3/C@TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen production

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63615-4

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, the Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂composite was synthesized via the calcination of yolk-shell MIL-101@TiO₂. The composite presented core-shell structure, where Cr-doped TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃/C were the shell and core, respectively. The introduction of Cr³⁺ and Cr₂O₃/C, which were derived from the calcination of MIL-101, in the composite enhanced its visible light absorbing ability and lowered the recombination rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes. The large surface area of the Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂composite provided numerous active sites for the photoreduction reaction. Consequently, the photocatalytic performance of the composite for the production of H₂ was better than that of pure TiO₂. Under the irradiation of a 300 W Xe arc lamp, the H₂ production rate of the Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂ composite that was calcined at 500 °C was 446 μmol h^-1 g^-1, which was approximately four times higher than that of pristine TiO₂ nanoparticles. Moreover, the composite exhibited the high H₂ production rate of 25.5 μmol h^-1 g^-1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The high photocatalytic performance of Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂ could be attributed to its wide visible light photoresponse range and efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. This paper offers some insights into the design of a novel efficient photocatalyst for water-splitting applications.

Key words: Core-shell structure, Cr₂O₃, TiO₂, Hydrogen generation, Photocatalyst

Yang Chen, Guobing Mao, Yawen Tang, Heng Wu, Gang Wang, Li Zhang, Qi Liu. Synthesis of core-shell nanostructured Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂ for photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(1): 225-234.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63615-4

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I1/225

Figures/Tables 10

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of synthesis of Cr2O3/C@TiO2.

Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of (a) MIL-101(Cr) and (b and c) MIL-101@TiO2. (d) Transmission electron micrograph of MIL-101@TiO2.

Fig. 2. (a) Fourier-transform infrared spectra of MIL-101(Cr), MT (MIL-101@TiO2) and MT500 (Cr2O3/C@TiO2) and (b) Raman spectra of MT500.

Fig. 3. (a) X-ray diffraction patterns of prepared samples: diffraction peak positions of (b) (101) plane of TiO2 in the 2θ range of 24.5°-26° and (c) Cr2O3 in the 2θ range of 33°-37°.

Fig. 4. (a and b) Scanning and (c) transmission electron micrographs of MT500; inset of (c) high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of MT500. (d) Scanning transmission electron micrograph and (e, f, g, and h) Cr, Ti, O, and C energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mappings, respectively, of MT500.

Fig. 5. (a) Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and corresponding Kubelka-Munk function vs. the photon energy of prepared samples (b).

Fig. 6. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy profiles of MT500: (a) survey, (b) Cr 2p, (c) Ti 2p, and (d) O 1s.

Fig. 7. (a) Rate of H2 production and (b) time evolution of photocatalytic H2 production over synthesized photocatalyst samples under the irradiation of a 300 W Xe arc lamp. (c) Cyclic H2 production over MT500 photocatalyst. (d) Time evolution of H2 production over prepared photocatalyst samples under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation.

Fig. 8. (a) Photocurrent density at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl under 300 W Xe arc lamp irradiation. (b) Electrochemical impendence spectra Nyquist plots and (c) photoluminescence spectra of pristine TiO2, MT, and MT500.

Fig. 9. Proposed mechanism for photocatalytic H2 production via water splitting over Cr2O3/C@TiO2 composite. Here NHE denotes the normal hydrogen electrode.

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Synthesis of core-shell nanostructured Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂ for photocatalytic hydrogen production

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