Sea urchin-like NiMoO4 nanorod arrays as highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for electrocatalytic/photovoltage-driven urea electrolysis

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63962-1

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing multifunctional electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, long-term stability, and low cost is essential for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Herein, sea urchin-like NiMoO₄nanorod arrays grown on nickel foam has been developed as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for urea oxidation and hydrogen evolution. The NiMoO₄-200/NF catalyst exhibits efficient activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of only 68 mV in 1.0 mol/L KOH to gain a current density of 10 mA cm^-2. The NiMoO₄-300/NF catalyst exhibits a prominent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity with an overpotential of 288 mV at 50 mA cm^-2, as well as for urea oxidation reaction with an ultra-low potential of 1.36 V at 10 mA cm^-2. The observed difference in electrocatalytic activity and selectivity, derived by temperature variation, is ascribed to different lattice oxygen contents. The lattice oxygen of NiMoO₄-300/NF is more than that of NiMoO₄-200/NF, and the lattice oxygen is conducive to the progress of OER. A urea electrolyzer was assembled with NiMoO₄-200/NF and NiMoO₄-300/NF as cathode and anode respectively, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 at a cell voltage of merely 1.38 V. The NiMoO₄ nanorod arrays has also been successfully applied for photovoltage-driven urea electrolysis and hydrogen production, revealing its great potential for solar-driven energy conversion.

Key words: NiMoO₄ nanorod, Bifunctional electrocatalyst, Urea electrolysis, Photovoltage-driven, Lattice oxygen, Sea urchin-like

Chenxin Chen, Suqi He, Kamran Dastafkan, Zehua Zou, Qingxiang Wang, Chuan Zhao. Sea urchin-like NiMoO₄ nanorod arrays as highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for electrocatalytic/photovoltage-driven urea electrolysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(5): 1267-1276.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63962-1

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I5/1267

Figures/Tables 9

Scheme 1. Preparation of the NiMoO4-300/NF and NiMoO4-200/NF electrodes for UOR and HER.

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of NiMoO4/NF precursor and NiMoO4-x/NF(200?500 °C) catalyst; (b?f) SEM images of the samples calcined at different temperatures in Ar atmosphere.

Fig. 2. TEM images of NiMoO4-200/NF (a) and NiMoO4-300/NF (c), the corresponding HR-TEM images (b) and (d), the corresponding EDX diagram (e) and (f).

Fig. 3. High-resolution XPS survey spectra of NiMoO4-200/NF and NiMoO4-300/NF (a) and Ni 2p (b), Mo 3d (c) and O 1s (d) XPS spectra of the two samples.

Fig. 4. LSV curves (a) and the corresponding Tafel plots (b) of different electrodes in 1.0 mol/L KOH; (c) Comparison of the overpotentials required to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2 among catalyst in this work and previously reported HER catalysts; (d) Nyquist plots at - 77 mV (vs. RHE) for various electrocatalysts in 1.0 mol/L KOH; (e) LSV curves of NiMoO4-200/NF before and after 5000 cycles; (f) The dependence current density on the electrolysis time of NiMoO4-200/NF in 1.0 mol/L KOH.

Fig. 5. LSV curves of NiMoO4-300/NF, NiMoO4/NF, IrO2/NF and NF in 1.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte (a) and their Tafel plots (b); (c) Nyquist plots of various electrocatalysts at -1.523V (vs. RHE) with the simplified Randles model (inset); (d) LSV curves of NiMoO4-300/NF before and after CV scan for 3000 cycles, and the dependence current density on the electrolysis time of NiMoO4-300/NF in 1.0 mol/L KOH (inset).

Fig. 6. The comparison of cathodic LSV curves of NiMoO4-200/NF in 1.0 mol/L KOH with and without 0.5 mol/L urea (a), and anodic LSV curves of NiMoO4-300 /NF for UOR and OER (b).

Fig. 7. LSV curves of NiMoO4-300/NF, NiMoO4/NF, IrO2/NF and NF in 1.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte containing 0.5 mol/L urea (a), and the corresponding Tafel slope (b); Comparison of the potential among catalyst in this work and reported UOR catalysts (c), and Nyquist plots of various electrocatalysts in presence of 0.5 mol/L urea solution with the applied potential of 1.344 V (vs. RHE) (d).

Fig. 9. Digital picture of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell with a 2 V bias driven overall urea electrolysis (a) and the release of bubbles from the cathode and anode via the HER and UOR (b).

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Sea urchin-like NiMoO₄ nanorod arrays as highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for electrocatalytic/photovoltage-driven urea electrolysis

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