Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 390-403.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63514-X

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Micro-nanostructural designs of bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries

Fang Shia,b, Xuefeng Zhua, Weishen Yanga   

  1. a State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics the Chinese Academy, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China;
    b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2019-07-24 Revised:2019-09-23 Online:2020-03-18 Published:2019-11-19
  • Supported by:
    All the authors appreciate the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91545202, U1508203), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (XDB17000000), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807066).

Abstract: Water-based rechargeable metal-air batteries play an important role in the storage and conversion of renewable electric energy. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have limited the practical application of rechargeable metal-air batteries. Most of reviews were focused on single functional electrocatalysts while few on bifunctional electrocatalysts. It is indispensable but challenging to design a bifunctional electrocatalyst that is active and stable to the two reactions. Recently, attempts to develop high active bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER increase rapidly. Much work is focused on the micro-nano design of advanced structures to improve the performance of bifunctional electrocatalyst. Transition-metal materials, carbon materials and composite materials, and the methods developed to prepare micro-nano structures, such as electrochemical methods, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal methods and template methods are reported in literatures. Additionally, many strategies, such as adjustments of electronic structures, oxygen defects, metal-oxygen bonds, interfacial strain, nano composites, heteroatom doping etc., have been used extensively to design bifunctional electrocatalysts. To well understand the achievements in the recent literatures, this review focuses on the micro-nano structural design of materials, and the related methods and strategies are classed into two groups for the improvement of intrinsic and apparent activities. The fine adjustment of nano structures and an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism are also discussed briefly.

Key words: Oxygen reduction reaction, Oxygen evolution reaction, Rechargeable metal-air batteries, Bifunctional electrocatalysts, Micro-nano structure