In situ construction of protonated g-C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63559-8

Abstract

Abstract:

Abstract: Converting sustainable solar energy into hydrogen energy over semiconductor-based photocatalytic materials provides an alternative to fossil fuel consumption. However, efficient photocatalytic splitting of water to realize carbon-free hydrogen production remains a challenge. Heterojunction photocatalysts with well-defined dimensionality and perfectly matched interfaces are promising for achieving highly efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion. Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel type of protonated graphitic carbon nitride (PCN)/Ti₃C₂MXene heterojunctions with strong interfacial interactions. As expected, the two-dimensional (2D) PCN/2D Ti₃C₂MXene interface heterojunction achieves a highly improved hydrogen evolution rate (2181 μmol∙g^-1) in comparison with bulk g-C₃N₄(393 μmol∙g^-1) and protonated g-C₃N₄ (816 μmol∙g^-1). The charge-regulated surfaces of PCN and the accelerated charge transport at the face-to-face 2D/2D Schottky heterojunction interface are the major contributors to the excellent hydrogen evolution performance of the composite photocatalyst.

Key words: g-C₃N₄, Ti₃C₂, Hybridization, Schottky heterojunction, Protonation, Photocatalytic hydrogen production

Haotian Xu, Rong Xiao, Jingran Huang, Yan Jiang, Chengxiao Zhao, Xiaofei Yang. In situ construction of protonated g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene Schottky heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(1): 107-114.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63559-8

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I1/107

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. Synthesis flow chart for the PCN/MXene composites.

Fig. 2. SEM images of CN (a), PCN (b), and MXene nanosheets (c); SEM image and corresponding elemental mapping images of the composite PCN-20 (d, e).

Fig. 3. AFM images (a, b) and height cutaway view of MXene and PCN nanosheets (c, d).

Fig. 4. XRD patterns (a) and FT-IR spectra (b) of PCN-20, PCN, CN, and MXene.

Fig. 5. Hydrogen production (a) of CN, PCN, and PCN-x (x = 10, 20, 40); five hydrogen production cycles using the composite PCN-20 (b).

Fig. 6. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of MXene, CN, PCN, and PCN-20 (a); Optical bandgaps of CN and PCN (b); Mott-Schottky plots of CN and PCN (c); Schematic illustration of the band structures of CN and PCN (d).

Fig. 7. (a) Transient photocurrent responses and (b) EIS Nyquist plots of CN, PCN, and PCN-20 in 1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation.

Fig. 8. Photoluminescence spectra (a) and photoluminescence decay curves of CN (b), PCN (c), and PCN-20 (d).

Fig. 9. Charge-transfer progress in the 2D/2D MXene/PCN system during photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light.

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In situ construction of protonated g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene Schottky heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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