LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO3-x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63595-1

催化学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 87-96.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63595-1

LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

彭进军^a, 沈珺^b, 于晓慧^a, 唐华^a^,^#, Zulfiqar^a, 刘芹芹^a^,^*

^a江苏大学材料科学与工程学院, 江苏镇江212013
^b苏州卫生职业技术学院药学院, 江苏苏州215009

收稿日期:2020-02-27 接受日期:2020-04-21 出版日期:2021-01-18 发布日期:2021-01-18
通讯作者: 唐华,刘芹芹
作者简介:第一联系人：† 共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51672113);国家自然科学基金(21975110);国家自然科学基金(21972058);山东省泰山人才计划

Construction of LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S-scheme heterojunctions for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution

Jinjun Peng^a, Jun Shen^b, Xiaohui Yu^a, Hua Tang^a^,^#, Zulfiqar ^a, Qinqin Liu^a^,^*

^aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
^bSchool of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2020-02-27 Accepted:2020-04-21 Online:2021-01-18 Published:2021-01-18
Contact: Hua Tang,Qinqin Liu
About author:^#Tel: +86-13952874183; E-mail: huatang79@163.com
^*Tel: +86-13921581597; E-mail: qqliu@ujs.edu.cn;
First author contact:† These two authors contributed equally.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672113);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975110);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972058);Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 等离子体半导体光催化剂因其具有从可见光到近红外光的光响应而引起了人们极大的研究兴趣. 含有丰富氧空位的非化学计量的氧化钼(MoO_3-_x)具有中心位于700 nm和尾部吸收拓展至2000 nm强的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应, 因此, MoO_3-_x或将成为实现全光谱响应光催化制氢技术最有吸引力的候选材料之一. 然而, 单一MoO_3-_x中电荷载流子的复合快速. 具有II型、Z型或S型异质结构的MoO_3-_x基复合光催化剂的构建被证明是同时实现拓展光吸收和分离光生载流子改善光催化析氢性能的有效策略. 与传统的Ⅱ型异质结构相比, Z型或S型可在较高还原电位上进行水分解反应, 又可以实现光生载流子的有效分离. 相比于Z型, S型由于内部电场导致的半导体的能带玩去可以进一步缩短电子与空穴之间的迁移距离, 从而导致光诱导载流子的更快分离. 基于此, 本文选择了与MoO_3-_x能带匹配的CdS半导体催化剂, 通过简单的共沉淀法在具有LSPR效应的二维(2D) MoO_3-_x椭圆纳米片上生长零维(0D) CdS纳米粒子, 制备了LSPR增强的0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_xS型异质结. 由于MoO_3-_x的引入, 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料展现出了一个因LSPR效应而具有的从600到1400 nm的尾部吸收, 并且这种尾部吸收强度随着复合材料中MoO_3-_x含量的增加而增加.
在可见光光催化反应中, CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料的产氢速率为7.44 mmol·g^-1·h^-1, 为单一CdS的10.3倍. 当采用不同波段的单色光作为激发光源, 在420, 450和550 nm单色光的照射下, CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料的产氢效率为15.7, 10.9和193.4 mmol·g^-1, 分别比CdS高6.8, 5.0和3倍. 当激发波长拓展至650 nm时, CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料的产氢效率为6.83 mmol·g^-1, 而CdS则不具有产氢活性, 侧面体现了MoO_3-_x的LSPR效应在提升光解水产氢活性方向的有效作用.
我们利用肖特基和固体紫外测试确定了CdS和MoO_3-_x的能带结构, 并通过第一原理密度泛函理论模拟计算了CdS和MoO_3-_x的功函数, 分别为4.07和7.56 eV, 当这两个半导体接触时, MoO_3-_x的费米能级比CdS的更负, 电子将从CdS迁移到MoO_3-_x, 因此CdS和MoO_3-_x的能带将分别向上和向下弯曲, 直到其费米能级达到平衡. 这种向上和向下的带弯曲是S型结构的特征之一. XPS分析也证实在带正电荷的CdS和带负电荷的MoO_3-_x之间会产生内部电场, 这也符合S型结构.
此外, 还利用电子自旋共振(ESR)进一步研究了CdS, MoO_3-_x和CdS/MoO_3-_x在光照下自由基的产生情况, CdS/MoO_3-_x产生的DMPO-∙O₂^-和DMPO-∙OH信号强度均强于CdS和MoO_3-_x, 证明CdS/MoO_3-_x能产生更多的∙O₂^-和∙OH自由基. ESR结果还表明, 在CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料中光诱导电子和空穴仍然分别停留在CdS的导带和MoO_3-_x的价带中, CdS/MoO_3-_x复合材料的光诱导电荷分离机制将遵循S型机制, 而不是传统的II型异质结. 在光照下, 内部电场和弯曲能带促使积聚在MoO_3-_x导带上的电子与CdS的空穴结合, 在CdS的导带上留下具有较强氧化还原能力的电子参与光催化水还原反应, 实现高效的光催化产氢.

关键词: CdS, MoO_3-_x, 光催化产氢, S型, LSPR效应

Abstract:

Plasmonic nonmetal semiconductors with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects possess extended light-response ranges and can act as highly efficient H₂ generation photocatalysts. Herein, an LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x heterojunction has been synthesized by the growth of 0D CdS nanoparticles on 2D plasmonic MoO_3-_x elliptical nanosheets via a simple coprecipitation method. Taking advantage of the LSPR effect of the MoO_3-_x elliptical nanosheets, the light absorption of the CdS/MoO_3-_x heterojunction was extended from 600 nm to the near-infrared region (1400 nm). Furthermore, the introduction of 2D plasmonic MoO_3-_x elliptical nanosheets not only provided a platform for the growth of CdS nanoparticles, but also contributed to the construction of an LSPR-enhanced S-scheme structure due to the interface between the MoO_3-_x and CdS, accelerating the separation of light-induced electrons and holes. Therefore, the CdS/MoO_3-_x heterojunction exhibited higher photocatalytic H₂ generation activity than pristine CdS under visible light irradiation, including under 420, 450, 550, and 650 nm monochromic light, as well as improved photo-corrosion performance.

Key words: CdS, MoO3-x, Photocatalytic H2 evolution, S-scheme, Localized surface plasmon resonance effect

彭进军, 沈珺, 于晓慧, 唐华, Zulfiqar, 刘芹芹. LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究[J]. 催化学报, 2021, 42(1): 87-96.

Jinjun Peng, Jun Shen, Xiaohui Yu, Hua Tang, Zulfiqar , Qinqin Liu. Construction of LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S-scheme heterojunctions for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(1): 87-96.

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Scheme 1. Synthesis of the CdS/MoO3-x composites.

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of MoO3-x, CdS, and the CdS/MoO3-x composites; (b) XPS survey spectra of MoO3-x, CdS, and MC-15; (c) Cd 3d and (d) S 2p XPS spectra of CdS and MC-15; Mo 3d (e) and O 1s (f) XPS spectra of MoO3-x and MC-15.

Fig. 2. SEM and TEM images of MoO3-x (a, b), CdS (c, d), and MC-15 (e, f); HRTEM images of CdS (g) and MoO3-x (h); (i) EDX elemental mapping of MC-15.

Fig. 3. Photocatalytic H2 evolution performances (a) and H2 evolution rates (b) of CdS, MoO3-x, and CdS/MoO3-x samples under visible light irradiation; Photocatalytic performances of CdS and MC-15 when irradiated using monochromic light at 420 (c), 450 (d), 550 (e), and 650 nm (f).

Fig. 4. (a) Cycle stability experiments for CdS and MC-15; (b) AQYs of MC-15 at 420, 450, 550, and 650 nm.

Fig. 5. LSV curves (a) and transient photocurrent responses (b) of CdS, MoO3-x, and MC-15; (c) Transient photocurrent responses of MC-15 under different monochromic wavelengths; (d) EIS plots of CdS, MoO3-x, and MC-15.

Fig. 6. (a) UV-vis spectra of CdS, MoO3-x, and the CdS/MoO3-x composites; (b) bandgaps of CdS and MoO3-x; Mott-Schottky plots (c) and corresponding band alignments (d) of CdS and MoO3-x.

Fig. 7. Work functions of CdS (001) surface (a) and MoO3-x (001) surface (b); the band alignments of MoO3-x and CdS before (c) and after (d) contact.

Fig. 8. DMPO-·O2- (a) and DMPO-·OH (b) ESR spectra of MC-15; comparison of DMPO-·O2- (c) and DMPO-·OH (d) ESR spectra of MoO3-x, CdS, and MC-15.

Fig. 9. Mechanism of photocatalytic H2-production using CdS/MoO3-x composites.

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LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

Construction of LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S-scheme heterojunctions for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution

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LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO3-x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

Construction of LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO3-x S-scheme heterojunctions for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution

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LSPR增强0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S型异质结的构建及其可见光光催化活性研究

Construction of LSPR-enhanced 0D/2D CdS/MoO_3-_x S-scheme heterojunctions for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H₂ evolution