催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 75: 137-146.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64746-2

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

十钨酸盐+Pd/C催化体系中金属/H+位点的调控用于光催化生成糠基乙醚

李正a, 曾影a, 董媛媛a,*(), 吕红金a,b,*(), 杨国昱a   

  1. a北京理工大学化学与化工学院, 光电转换材料北京市重点实验室, 原子分子簇科学教育部重点实验室, 北京 102488
    b北京理工大学唐山研究院, 河北唐山 063000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-05 接受日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: dyy1111@bit.edu.cn (董媛媛), hlv@bit.edu.cn (吕红金).
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金(B2024105003);国家自然科学基金(22471019);国家自然科学基金(21831001);北理工高层次人才科研启动计划项目;国家海外高层次人才引进计划青年项目(Young Talents)

Metal/H+ sites modulation in the decatungstate+Pd/C catalytic system for photocatalytic generation of furfuryl ethyl ether

Li Zhenga, Zeng Yinga, Dong Yuanyuana,*(), Lv Hongjina,b,*(), Yang Guo-Yua   

  1. aMOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
    bTangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-01-05 Accepted:2025-04-24 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-07-22
  • Contact: *E-mail: dyy1111@bit.edu.cn (Y. Dong), hlv@bit.edu.cn (H. Lv).
  • Supported by:
    Hebei Natural Science Foundation(B2024105003);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471019);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21831001);BIT Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund;Recruitment Program of Global Experts(Young Talents)

摘要:

由于化石燃料的过度消耗导致了全球的能源危机和严重的环境污染, 对可再生资源的勘探和有效转化引起了人们的更多关注. 纤维素衍生的平台化学品作为典型的可再生资源, 其增值转化是获取可再生碳化学品的可靠途径. 其中, 糠醛(FF)可由五碳糖脱水获得, 由其制备的糠基醚因其高的稳定性和高辛烷值可作为生物燃油引起了人们的极大兴趣; 然而, 绿色高效地将FF转化为糠基醚在工业和学术上仍是一项巨大的挑战. 目前, 从FF到糠基醚有两种转化路线: (1) FF通过氢化和醚化两步法转化为糠基醚, 该方法不仅操作复杂且产物的收率较低;(2) 在加氢/酸双功能催化体系下, 使用H2或者牺牲剂作为氢源, FF通过还原醚化途径一锅法转化为糠基醚, 该方法虽然操作简便、高效,但是仍需高压/高温条件来活化H2或者牺牲剂. 鉴于此, 开发绿色温和、高效的催化体系将FF转化为糠基醚具有重要的基础研究意义和潜在应用价值.

基于光催化剂优异的光致氢原子转移(HAT)活性所设计的光诱导催化转移氢化(CTH)体系是有前景的解决方案. 本文成功构建光诱导CTH催化体系用于FF还原醚化制备糠基乙基醚(FEE), 该体系使用廉价的十钨酸钠盐(NaDT)作为光催化剂和氢转移催化剂, Pd/C为加氢催化剂, 乙醇为反应物和氢源, 溴代苯(PhBr)为原位质子酸添加剂, 在365 nm光的激发下, 在室温下FF可高效的转化为FEE, 产率为92.7%. 对FF转化路径研究发现, 不添加PhBr时, FF主要氢化为糠醇(FA), 产率最高为91.4%; 添加PhBr时, FF通过关键的糠醛缩二乙醇(DOF)中间体高效地转化为FEE. PhBr的转化时间曲线与回收的Pd/C一系列表征结果表明, 在PhBr氢解后, 除了生成HBr外, 部分Br原子会以PdBr2物种附着在Pd纳米颗粒表面, PhBr的氢解过程以及附着在Pd纳米颗粒表面的PdBr2物种抑制FF氢化为FA, 促使FF在H+的催化下与乙醇高效地转化为DOF中间体, 即PhBr可调节该光诱导CTH中的Pd位点和H+位点, 这对FF通过关键DOF中间体转化为FEE至关重要. 随着反应的进行, Br原子逐渐脱落使Pd位点重新暴露, 促进了DOF氢化成FEE. 该催化体系对正丙醇和多种呋喃醛底物表现出良好的普适性.

综上, 本文构建的光诱导CTH策略在温和条件下实现了FF向FEE的高效转化. 该催化策略为纤维素衍生平台分子的温和、高效增值转化开辟了一种创新途径. 未来研究工作拟围绕非贵金属基光诱导CTH策略的开发, 以推动糠基醚生物燃料的低成本、规模化生产及应用进程.

关键词: 糠基醚, 十钨酸, 光催化, 催化转移氢化, 生物质增值

Abstract:

Furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) is considered as one of the most important candidates for biofuels due to its high-octane number. However, it is still challenging to produce FEE via the biomass-based route under mild conditions. Here, we developed a photoinduced catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) process for the efficient production of FEE through the reduction etherification of furfural (FF) using Na4W10O32 (NaDT), Pd/C, and ethanol as the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst, hydrogenation catalyst, and the H donor, respectively. Notably, the introduction of brominated benzene (PhBr) as an additive significantly promoted the yield of FEE to 92.7%. A series of experiments and characterization results indicated that the attachment and detachment of Br atoms on Pd/C catalyst surface effectively regulate the balance between H+ sites and Pd sites in the NaDT+Pd/C catalytic system. The balance facilitates the preferential acetalization of FF catalyzed by H+ sites, followed by hydrogenation to efficiently produce FEE catalyzed by Pd sites. This photoinduced CTH process exhibits good stability and recyclability as well as universality for the transformation of various organic substrates under mild conditions.

Key words: Furfuryl ether, Decatungstate, Photocatalysis, Catalytic transfer hydrogenation, Biomass valorization