催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 82: 312-326.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64877-7

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

金红石纳米棒{110}晶面缺陷调控的Pt-WOx催化剂甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇性能研究

姜兰a, 曾杨a, 陈建华a, 谢颂海a, 裴燕a, 华伟明a, 闫世润a, 陈雪莹a, 乔明华a,*(), 宗保宁b,*()   

  1. a复旦大学化学系, 上海分子催化与创新材料重点实验室, 多孔材料与分离转化全国重点实验室, 上海 200438
    b中国石油化工股份有限公司石油化工科学研究院, 石油化工分子转化与反应工程全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22 接受日期:2025-09-02 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-05
  • 通讯作者: * 电子信箱: mhqiao@fudan.edu.cn (乔明华),zongbn.ripp@sinopec.com (宗保宁).
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22272030);上海市科学技术委员会(2024ZDSYS02)

Crystal plane engineering of rutile TiO2 nanorods: Boosting Pt-WOx catalyzed glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol via {110} plane-associated defects

Lan Jianga, Yang Zenga, Jianhua Chena, Songhai Xiea, Yan Peia, Weiming Huaa, Shirun Yana, Xueying Chena, Minghua Qiaoa,*(), Baoning Zongb,*()   

  1. aState Key Laboratory of Porous Materials for Separation and Conversion, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    bState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-07-22 Accepted:2025-09-02 Online:2026-03-18 Published:2026-03-05
  • Contact: * E-mail: mhqiao@fudan.edu.cn (M. Qiao),zongbn.ripp@sinopec.com (B. Zong).
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272030);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(2024ZDSYS02)

摘要:

在非均相催化领域, 晶面工程是优化催化剂性能的有效策略, 其核心在于不同晶面具有独特的原子排列、配位环境和表面能, 从而影响活性组分的分散、反应物的吸附与活化. 然而, 关于载体晶面对甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PDO)的影响研究却极为匮乏. 本研究聚焦于金红石相二氧化钛的晶面效应, 通过调控其暴露晶面比例, 旨在提升Pt-WOx催化剂在甘油氢解反应中的性能.

本文采用水热法合成了棱柱状金红石TiO2纳米棒(RTNR-T), 其四个侧面为{110}晶面, 两个锥形端面为{111}晶面. 通过调控水热温度(433-493 K), 实现了对{110}与{111}晶面暴露比例的可控制备. 研究结果表明, {110}晶面的暴露比例随水热温度变化呈现“火山型”关系, 在453 K时达到最大值. 进一步的电子顺磁共振和X射线光电子能谱分析表明, {110}晶面暴露比例越高, 材料表面的氧空位(Ov)和Ti3+缺陷浓度也越高, 证实{110}晶面相较于{111}晶面更易形成表面缺陷. 随后, 采用两步浸渍法制备了Pt-WOx/RTNR-T系列催化剂. 表征结果表明, 在本研究体系中, Pt和WOx的分散度、Pt的金属表面积以及催化剂的表面酸量(包括Lewis酸和Brönsted酸)均与{110}晶面的暴露比例呈正相关. 这归因于高缺陷密度的{110}晶面能够为Pt纳米粒子提供更多的锚定位点, 促进其高度分散, 同时, 该晶面的缺陷结构可增强WOx与载体的相互作用, 有利于酸性位点的形成. CO化学吸附和透射电镜结果表明, Pt-WOx/RTNR-453催化剂上的Pt颗粒尺寸最小, 分散度最高. 在甘油氢解反应中, Pt-WOx/RTNR-T催化剂性能与{110}晶面暴露比例的变化趋势高度一致. Pt-WOx/RTNR-453催化剂表现出最优的催化性能, 甘油转化率达96.7%, 1,3-PDO选择性达60.6%, 1,3-PDO收率高达58.6%, 不仅超过了文献已报道的Pt-WOx/TiO2催化剂, 而且具有优秀的循环稳定性. 通过对比不同钨源和浸渍顺序制备的催化剂性能, 证实了在本研究的反应条件下, 以偏钨酸铵为前驱体、采用先W后Pt的浸渍顺序为最优方案. 密度泛函理论计算进一步揭示了作用机制. 表面缺陷的存在显著降低了H2分子的解离和H原子的扩散能垒, 极大地促进了氢溢流效应. 溢流的氢原子可迁移至WOx物种表面, 原位生成催化所必需的Brönsted酸位点, 用于活化甘油分子形成氧鎓离子中间体, 并加速其加氢生成1,3-PDO. 因此, 与{110}晶面相关联的高密度缺陷在促进H2活化、增强金属-载体相互作用、调控催化剂表面酸性和实现高效氢溢流方面发挥了关键的协同作用.

综上, 本文建立了“晶面-缺陷-活性”之间的明确关联, 为设计高效甘油氢解制1,3-PDO催化剂提供了坚实的理论基础和设计原则. 通过晶面工程精准调控金红石TiO2载体表面缺陷, 可有效优化贵金属Pt催化剂的分散性、电子结构和表面酸性, 从而实现催化性能的显著提升.

关键词: 金红石, 晶面, 表面缺陷, 甘油, 1,3-丙二醇

Abstract:

Crystal plane engineering is a powerful tool to optimize catalytic efficiency in heterogeneous catalysis. However, there is a surprising dearth in the exploration of the support plane effect on glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). In this work, we synthesized prism-shaped rutile TiO2 nanorods (RTNR-T) with tunable {110}/{111} exposure ratios by varying the hydrothermal temperature. The proportion of the {110} planes is identified to exhibit a volcano-like relationship with the hydrothermal temperature. The concentrations of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ sites on both the RTNR-T nanorods and Pt-WOx/RTNR-T catalysts are positively correlated with the proportion of the {110} planes. Coherently, the Pt dispersion and surface acidity on the catalysts are parallel to the proportion of the {110} planes, attributable to the high defect density that facilitates the anchorage of Pt and promotes WOx-support interaction. In glycerol hydrogenolysis, the Pt-WOx/RTNR-453 catalyst with the highest proportion of the {110} planes displayed the best catalytic performance, with glycerol conversion and 1,3-PDO selectivity of 96.7% and 60.6%, respectively, affording an outstanding 1,3-PDO yield of 58.6% and excellent recyclability. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the presence of defects markedly reduced the dissociation and diffusion barriers, which greatly boosts hydrogen spillover to WOx for in-situ Brönsted acid site generation and oxocarbenium intermediate hydrogenation. This work offers a robust design principle based on the crystal plane-defect-activity correlation for high-performance glycerol hydrogenolysis catalysts.

Key words: Rutile TiO2, Crystal plane, Surface defect, Glycerol, 1,3-Propanediol