催化学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 1879-1893.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63990-6
Chuncheng Liua,d, Evgeny A. Uslamina, Sophie H. van Vreeswijkc, Irina Yarulinab, Swapna Ganapathyc, Bert M. Weckhuysenc, Freek Kapteijnd,*(), Evgeny A. Pidkoa,#()
收稿日期:
2021-11-08
接受日期:
2021-12-04
出版日期:
2022-07-18
发布日期:
2022-05-20
通讯作者:
Freek Kapteijn,Evgeny A. Pidko
Chuncheng Liua,d, Evgeny A. Uslamina, Sophie H. van Vreeswijkc, Irina Yarulinab, Swapna Ganapathyc, Bert M. Weckhuysenc, Freek Kapteijnd,*(), Evgeny A. Pidkoa,#()
Received:
2021-11-08
Accepted:
2021-12-04
Online:
2022-07-18
Published:
2022-05-20
Contact:
Freek Kapteijn, Evgeny A. Pidko
Supported by:
摘要:
了解与关键催化性能参数(如选择性和稳定性)相关的催化剂特性对于合理设计催化剂是非常重要的. 本文重点考察了甲醇制烯烃(MTO)过程中MFI、MEL及其共生沸石分子筛的催化行为和构效关系. 表征结果表明, 丙烯和丁烯的高产率和MeOH的高转化率均与Pentasil分子筛结构中晶格Al位的富集相关, 这也被27Al MAS NMR结果和3-甲基戊烷裂解结果证实. 催化剂对MTO反应的催化性能与其晶体尺寸、外部B酸中心和铝配对等性质之间缺乏相关性, 表明它们对提高丙烯选择性的作用不大. 本文分析表明, 催化剂失活非常复杂, 受交叉点处晶格铝富集、总铝含量和晶体尺寸影响较大, 且MFI和MEL相共生加速了催化剂失活.
Chuncheng Liu, Evgeny A. Uslamin, Sophie H. van Vreeswijk, Irina Yarulina, Swapna Ganapathy, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Freek Kapteijn, Evgeny A. Pidko. MFI/MEL分子筛催化甲醇制烯烃反应关键参数的集成方法[J]. 催化学报, 2022, 43(7): 1879-1893.
Chuncheng Liu, Evgeny A. Uslamin, Sophie H. van Vreeswijk, Irina Yarulina, Swapna Ganapathy, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Freek Kapteijn, Evgeny A. Pidko. An integrated approach to the key parameters in methanol-to-olefins reaction catalyzed by MFI/MEL zeolite materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(7): 1879-1893.
Catalyst | Si/Al a | Size b | Vtotal c | Vmicro c | Sext c | SBET d | BAS e | LAS e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mol mol-1) | (Å) | (cm3/g) | (cm3/g) | (m2/g) | (m2/g) | (µmol/g) | (µmol/g) | |
MEL-25-S | 27 | 419 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 85 | 439 | 543 | 90 |
MFI/MEL-25-S | 25 | 463 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 81 | 448 | 556 | 139 |
MFI-25-M | 26 | 613 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 56 | 414 | 575 | 94 |
MFI-25-S | 25 | 428 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 67 | 453 | 530 | 74 |
MFI/MEL-50-L | 48 | 830 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 27 | 423 | 376 | 72 |
MFI-50-S | 50 | 428 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 77 | 471 | 338 | 91 |
Table 1 Summarized textural and acidic properties of studied catalysts.
Catalyst | Si/Al a | Size b | Vtotal c | Vmicro c | Sext c | SBET d | BAS e | LAS e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mol mol-1) | (Å) | (cm3/g) | (cm3/g) | (m2/g) | (m2/g) | (µmol/g) | (µmol/g) | |
MEL-25-S | 27 | 419 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 85 | 439 | 543 | 90 |
MFI/MEL-25-S | 25 | 463 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 81 | 448 | 556 | 139 |
MFI-25-M | 26 | 613 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 56 | 414 | 575 | 94 |
MFI-25-S | 25 | 428 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 67 | 453 | 530 | 74 |
MFI/MEL-50-L | 48 | 830 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 27 | 423 | 376 | 72 |
MFI-50-S | 50 | 428 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 77 | 471 | 338 | 91 |
Fig. 2. MeOH conversion as a function of cumulative MeOH throughput (a) and cumulative carbon yields of different hydrocarbons until MeOH conversion is at 50% (color bars) and estimated conversion capacity (symbols to right axis) (b) for all studied catalysts in MTO tests. Reaction conditions: T = 450 °C, mcat = 40 mg (150-212 µm), 1 bar, WHSV = 5.2 gMeOH/gcat/h, carrier gas N2 = 50 mL/min. The full picture of MeOH conversion and product selectivity curves as a function of TOS are presented in Fig. S5.
Fig. 3. Carbon selectivity to propylene (a) and ethylene (b) as a function of MeOH conversion over studied materials. Reaction conditions: Reaction conditions: T = 450 °C, mcat = 40 mg (150-212 µm), 1 bar, WHSV = 5.2 gMeOH/gcat/h, carrier gas N2 = 50 mL/min. Similar graphs of other product groups are presented in Fig. S6.
Fig. 4. Time-resolved operando UV-vis spectra during MeOH conversion at 450 °C over studied catalysts. All spectra were collected during TOS within 0-1 h with 1 min interval. Band Assignments in the 40000-12500 cm-1 are displayed in UV-vis spectra for MFI-25-M [58,59].
Fig. 5. MeOH conversion capacity as a function of 1,3,5-TIPB conversion over catalysts at 200 °C. Cracking conditions: T = 200 °C, mcat = 20 mg (150-212 µm), 1 bar, P1,3,5-TIPB = 0.3 kPa, carrier gas N2 = 50 mL/min. Cracking conversion was averaged within TOS = 0.1-0.3 h. The full picture of 1,3,5-TIPB conversion as a function of TOS were present in Fig. S9.
Fig. 6. Selectivity to propylene (a) and MeOH conversion capacity (b) versus the proportion of Alpair of tested samples. Alpair is measured based on Co concentration determined by ICP-AES after Co ion exchange.
Fig. 7. 2D 27Al MQ MAS NMR spectrum of MEL-25-S (a), MFI-25-M (b), and MFI/MEL-25-S (c) together with the isotopic projection F1 spectrum at the left and the corresponding 27Al MAS NMR spectrum at the top of the 2D contour profile.
Catalyst | Alintersection/% | Alchannel/% | Characteristic peaks proportion/% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
58±0.3 ppm | 56±0.2 ppm | 55±0.5 ppm | 53±0.4 ppm | 52±0.3 ppm | |||
MEL-25-S | 46.4 | 53.6 | 11.1 | 24.0 | 29.6 | 24.1 | 11.2 |
MFI-25-S | 47.9 | 52.1 | 9.0 | 28.6 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 14.7 |
MFI/MEL-25-S | 48.7* | 51.3* | 14.2 | 25.0 | 28.6 | 24.1 | 8.2 |
MFI-25-M | 49.3 | 50.7 | 11.7 | 25.5 | 24.8 | 25.3 | 12.7 |
MFI-50-S | 47.0 | 53.0 | 8.0 | 26.9 | 25.5 | 26.1 | 13.5 |
MFI/MEL-50-L | 45.2* | 54.8* | 15.3 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 18.3 | 2.5 |
Table 2 The fraction of various peaks obtained from the 27Al MAS NMR spectrum.
Catalyst | Alintersection/% | Alchannel/% | Characteristic peaks proportion/% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
58±0.3 ppm | 56±0.2 ppm | 55±0.5 ppm | 53±0.4 ppm | 52±0.3 ppm | |||
MEL-25-S | 46.4 | 53.6 | 11.1 | 24.0 | 29.6 | 24.1 | 11.2 |
MFI-25-S | 47.9 | 52.1 | 9.0 | 28.6 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 14.7 |
MFI/MEL-25-S | 48.7* | 51.3* | 14.2 | 25.0 | 28.6 | 24.1 | 8.2 |
MFI-25-M | 49.3 | 50.7 | 11.7 | 25.5 | 24.8 | 25.3 | 12.7 |
MFI-50-S | 47.0 | 53.0 | 8.0 | 26.9 | 25.5 | 26.1 | 13.5 |
MFI/MEL-50-L | 45.2* | 54.8* | 15.3 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 18.3 | 2.5 |
Fig. 8. Carbon selectivity to propylene versus selectivity towards hydrogen, methane and ethane of 3-MP monomolecular cracking over samples with Si/Al of 25 (a) and Si/Al of 50 (b). 3-MP cracking conditions: T = 400 °C, mcat = 20 mg (150-212 µm), 1 bar, carrier gas N2 = 50 mL/min, 3-MP partial pressure = 3.8 kPa in the presence of 2,4-DMQ (<0.1 kPa). The product selectivity is averaged values within TOS = 0.1-0.4 h. The full-scale picture along TOS is given in Fig. S13.
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