Template-free synthesis of Co3O4 microtubes for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63902-5

Abstract

Abstract:

To fully exploit the superiority of tubular structures, in this study, we systematically explore the optimal preparation conditions for Ni/Co₃O₄, including cation species and content, additive species and content, and anion species. Our results reveal that the formation of an initial cobalt nickel acetate hydroxide prism is the key factor and directly affects the final microtubular structure. Moreover, P is subsequently doped into the Ni/Co₃O₄ lattice to increase the M³⁺/M²⁺ molar ratio (M = Co and Ni), promote reaction kinetics, and optimize electronic structure. Consequently, the oxygen evolution reaction performance of P-doped tubular Ni/Co₃O₄ is significantly higher than that of undoped Ni/Co₃O₄ and the state-of-the-art RuO₂ electrocatalyst.

Key words: Oxygen evolution reaction, Co₃O₄, Microtube, P doping

Jiani Hu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Juan Xiao, Ruchun Li, Yi Wang, Shuqin Song. Template-free synthesis of Co₃O₄ microtubes for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(12): 2275-2286.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63902-5

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I12/2275

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the fabrication process and architecture of precursors prepared via hydrothermal growth (I) using Co(Ac)2·4H2O, Ni(Ac)2·4H2O, 1,3-propanediol and absolute ethanol and precursors after pyrolysis at 400 °C in air (II); (b) XRD; (c) SEM; (d) TEM; (e) selected area electron diffraction pattern; (f) HRTEM; (g) STEM image; Co (h), Ni (i), and O (j) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping images of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac. Here, Ac and pro denote CH3COO- and 1,3-propanediol, respectively.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns and SEM images of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-eth-9-Ac (a,d), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-gly-9-Ac (b,e), and Ni-1/Co3O4-2-iso-9-Ac (c,f).

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-Y-Ac; SEM images of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-0-Ac (b), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-3-Ac (c), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-6-Ac (d), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-12-Ac (e), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-15-Ac (f), and Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-50-Ac (g).

Fig. 4. XRD patterns (a-d) and SEM images (e-h) of Cu-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac (a,e), Fe-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac (b,f), Mn-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac (c,g), and Zn-1/Co3O4-2- pro-9-Ac (d,h).

Fig. 5. XRD patterns (a-c) and SEM images (d-f) of Ni-0/Co3O4-3-pro-9-Ac (a,d), Ni-2/Co3O4-1-pro-9-Ac (b,e), and Ni-3/Co3O4-0-pro-9-Ac (c,f).

Fig. 6. XRD pattern and SEM image of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-NO.

Fig. 7. Polarization curves in 1 M KOH with iR correction (a,d,g,j,m), onset potentials and overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 (b,e,h,k,n) and Tafel slopes (c,f,i,l,o) of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-N-9-Ac (a-c), Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-Y-Ac (d-f), M-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac (g-i), Ni-(3-X)/Co3O4-X-pro-9-Ac (j-l), and Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-A (m-o).

Fig. 8. (a) Schematic diagram of the fabrication process and P doping mechanism of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac; TEM image (b), selected area electron diffraction pattern (c), HRTEM image (d), STEM image (e), and Co (f), Ni (g), O (h) and P (i) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping images of P0.5-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac.

Fig. 9. Co 2p (a), Ni 2p (b), O 1s (c), and P 2p (d) XPS profiles of P0.5-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac and Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac.

Fig. 10. (a) Polarization curves with iR correction; (b) Onset potential and overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm-2; (c) Tafel slopes; (d) Nyquist plots at an applied potential of 1.52 V; (e) Cyclic voltammograms of P0.5-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac; (f) Electrochemical surface areas of Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac, P0.5-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac, P3-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac, P5-Ni-1/Co3O4-2-pro-9-Ac in 1.0 M KOH.

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Template-free synthesis of Co₃O₄ microtubes for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

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