Ammonia electrosynthesis on carbon-supported metal single-atom catalysts

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60032-X

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2024, Vol. 60: 42-67.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60032-X

• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles

Ammonia electrosynthesis on carbon-supported metal single-atom catalysts

Mu-Lin Li^a, Yi-Meng Xie^a, Jingting Song^a, Ji Yang^a^,^*(), Jin-Chao Dong^a, Jian-Feng Li^a^,^b^,^*()

^aCollege of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
^bInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

Received:2024-03-13 Accepted:2024-04-02 Online:2024-05-18 Published:2024-05-20
Contact: *E-mail: chem.yang@xmu.edu.cn (J. Yang), li@xmu.edu.cn (J.-F. Li).
About author:Ji Yang graduated with a Ph.D. from Xiamen University in 2022. He carried out postdoctoral research in Jian-Feng Li’s group at Xiamen University from 2022 to 2024. His study focuses on the structural evolution of single-atom catalysts under electrocatalytic process by employing in-situ/operando Raman/XAFS characterizations. He has published more than 26 peer-reviewed papers.
Jian-Feng Li is a full Professor of Chemistry at Xiamen University. He received his Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from Zhejiang University in 2003 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Xiamen University in 2010. He worked as a post-doctor at the University of Bern and ETH Zurich in Switzerland from 2011 to 2014. Professor Li’s research interests include plasmonic core shell nanostructures, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and surface catalysis. He has published more than 240 peer-reviewed papers with a total citation of over 15000, including Nature, Nature Energy, Nature Mater., Nature Nanotechnol., Nature Catal., Chem. Rev., etc. He is a Senior Editor of J. Phys. Chem. A/B/C.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004);National Natural and Science Foundation of China(21925404);National Natural and Science Foundation of China(22021001);National Natural and Science Foundation of China(21991151);National Natural and Science Foundation of China(22222903);National Natural and Science Foundation of China(T2293692);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742909);Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305);National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Science(NFFTBS,J1310024)

Abstract

Abstract:

Ammonia, a feedstock platform for fertilizer and pharmaceutical production, is regarded as a zero-carbon energy carrier. The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, powered by clean and renewable electricity, has garnered increased attention as an alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. Very recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have become highly effective electrocatalysts for such electrochemical transformation, where the isolated metal sites ensure the high atomic utilization efficiency as well as the prevention of nitrogen-nitrogen coupling. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of single-atom catalysts in electrochemical ammonia synthesis and briefly introduce nitrogen cycles in both natural and artificial ecosystems, followed by a discussion of catalyst design by theoretical and experimental methods. Synthesis routes from different nitrogen sources, including dinitrogen (N₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x), are also highlighted. Besides, the catalysis dynamics as an indispensable section is presented and discussed in-depth. Finally, we tackle challenges and offer perspectives, aspiring to provide insightful guidance for researchers in this community striving for advanced ammonia electrosynthesis.

Key words: Ammonia synthesis, Nitrogen-transforming reaction, Electrochemical reduction, Single-atom catalyst, Dinitrogen, Nitrogen oxides

Mu-Lin Li, Yi-Meng Xie, Jingting Song, Ji Yang, Jin-Chao Dong, Jian-Feng Li. Ammonia electrosynthesis on carbon-supported metal single-atom catalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 60: 42-67.

×
share this article

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60032-X

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2024/V60/I5/42

Figures/Tables 28

Fig. 1. The central nitrogen species and corresponding circulation in the natural and artificial ecosystems. In this picture, “a” and “b” symbols correspond to the artificial and biological processes, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature.

Fig. 2. Multiple proposed dinitrogen reduction (N2RR) pathways on heterogeneous catalysts, including dissociative pathway, associative alternating pathway, associative distal pathway, and enzymatic pathway. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright 2023, Taylor&Francis Group.

Fig. 3. The reaction pathways of NO3--to-NH3, including O-end, N-side, O-side, and N-end pathways, respectively. The N2 formation from NO3RR follows the NO-dimer pathway. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

Fig. 5. (a) The atomic configurations of transitional metal single atoms on pristine g-C3N4 and corresponding adsorption energies. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [38]. Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (b) The atomic structures with M@C3, M@C4, M@N3, and M@N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [13]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (c) The predicted TM atoms and corresponding catalyst structures of p-TM[TCNE] nanosheets (TM = 3d/4d/5d transition metals). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 6. (a) The binding energy (left) and the difference between binding and cohesive energies (right) of different TM/g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) The selected metal atoms and corresponding atomic structure of TM/g-CN (TM = 3d, 4d, and 5d transitional metals). (c) The AIMD time-dependent energy and temperature evolution for Ti/g-CN and Zr/g-CN, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (d) The atomic models of single atom on g-C3N4 including 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society

Fig. 7. (a) The N2 adsorption energy (Eads) on TM@C3N with different M-C and M-N coordination structures. (b) The activated N-N bond length (dN-N) vs. Bader charge (Q) transfer from TM@C3N to N2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (c) The free energies for N2 chemisorption (top section) and the N-N bond length of the adsorbed *N2 (bottom section) on various TM@C9N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. (d) The ΔGPDS on different SACs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [13]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 8. (a) The Gibbs free energies of NO3- adsorbed on different TM/g-C3N4 (TM = 3d, 4d, and 5d transitional metals). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) The adsorption energy of NO3- on TM/g-C3N4. (c) The charge density difference of Ru/g-C3N4 and NO3- adsorbed on Ru/g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 9. (a) The scaling relationship of the free energy changes for the *N2 → *N2H and *NH2 → *NH3 steps. (b) The calculated ΔG*N2 vs. ΔG*H on the 11 promising TM@C9N4 candidates. (c) The theoretical limiting potential for 9 promising TM@C9N4 candidates. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.

Fig. 10. (a) The limiting potentials for NO3RR on different TM/g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) The limiting potentials on different TM/g-C3N4 for NO3RR. (c) The volcano correlation curve between limiting potential and G*NO3 of different TM/g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 11. (a) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of SA-Ag/NC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [48]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (b) The schematic of the synthetic process of the Fe-SAs/NSDG. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.

Fig. 12. (a) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Cu-N-C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Fe-N/P-C catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2023, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fig. 13. (a) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Fe1/NC-X. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [57]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (b) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of FeSAs/g-C3N4. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [58]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (c) The schematic illustration of the synthetic process of BCN-Cu. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.

Fig. 14. (a) The schematic illustration of the Cu-N-C synthetic procedure. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. (b) The schematic illustration of Fe/Cu-HNG catalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature.

Table 1 The activity comparisons for ammonia synthesis from N2RR on the recently reported SACs.

Catalyst	Electrolyte	Potential (V vs. RHE)	Production rate	FE	Ref.
Ru SAs/N-C	0.05 mol L^-1 H₂SO₄	-0.2	120.9 μg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	29.6%	[70]
Ru@ZrO₂/NC	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.21	3.665 mg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_Ru	21%	[55]
Ru SAs/GDY/G	0.5 mol L^-1 Na₂SO₄	-0.1	4.7 mg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_Ru	37.6%	[63]
Rh SA/GDY	0.005 mol L^-1 H₂SO₄ and 0.1 mol L^-1 K₂SO₄	-0.2	74.15 μg h^-1 cm^-2	20.36%	[64]
Au₁/C₃N₄	5 mmol L^-1 H₂SO₄	-0.1	1350 μg h^-1 mg^-1_Au	11.1%	[75]
Au_SAs-NDPCs	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.2	2.32 μg h^-1 cm^-2	12.3%	[76]
SA-Ag/NC	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	—	69.4 mg h^-1 mg^-1_Ag at -0.65 V vs. RHE	21.9% at -0.60 V vs. RHE	[48]
Fe_SA-N-C	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	0.0	7.48 μg h^-1 mg^-1	56.55%	[68]
Fe_SA-NO-C	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.4	31.9 μg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	11.8 %	[65]
Fe_SA-NSC	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.4	30.4 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	21.9%	[59]
Fe_SAs/NSDG	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	—	28.89 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat. at -0.4 V vs. RHE	23.7% at -0.1 V vs. RHE	[49]
NC-Cu SA	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	-0.35	∼53.3 μg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	13.8%	[78]
NC-Cu SA	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.30	∼49.3 μg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	11.7%	[78]
Ni-N_x-C-700-3h	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	—	115 μg h^-1 cm^-2 at -0.8 V vs. RHE	21% at -0.2 V vs. RHE	[79]
Mn−O₃N₁/PC	0.1 mol L^-1 HCl	-0.35	66.41 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	8.91%	[80]
SA-Mo/NPC	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH	-0.3	34 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	14.6%	[69]

Table 2 The activity comparisons for ammonia synthesis from NO3RR on the recently reported SACs.

Catalyst	Electrolyte	Potential (V vs. RHE)	Production rate	FE	Ref.
Cu-PTCDA	0.1 mol L^-1 PBS and 500 ppm NO₃^-	-0.4	436 μg_NH3 h^-1 cm^-2	77%	[84]
Cu-N-C	50 mg L^-1 NO₃^- and 0.5 M Na₂SO₄	1.5 V vs. SCE	9.23 mg h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	94%	[52]
Cu MNC-7	50 mL Na₂SO₄ and 100 mg-N mL^-1 NaNO₃	-0.64	5466 mmol h^-1 g^-1_Cu	94.8%	[67]
Cu-cis-N₂O₂	1000 ppm N-KNO₃/0.5 mol L^-1 Na₂SO₄	-1.6	28.73 mg h^-1 cm^-2	77%	[86]
PR-CuNC	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH and 0.1 mol L^-1 KNO₃	-0.5	130.71 mg h^-1 mg^-1_Cu	94.61%	[87]
BCN-Cu	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH and 0.1 mol L^-1 KNO₃	-0.6	1900.07 μg h^-1 cm^-2	97.37%	[60]
Fe-PPy SACs	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH and 0.1 mol L^-1 KNO₃	—	2.75 mg h^-1 cm^-2 at -0.7V	100% at -0.3 V	[88]
Fe SAC	0.50 mol L^-1 KNO₃/0.10 mol L^-1 K₂SO₄	-0.66	20000 μg h⁻¹ mg⁻¹_cat.	75%	[66]
FeSAs/g-C₃N₄	50 mg N/L NO₃^--N and 0.1 mol L^-1 Na₂SO₄	-0.65	—	77.3%	[58]
Fe₁/N-C-900	0.1 mol L^-1 K₂SO₄ and 0.5 mol L^-1 KNO₃	—	18.8 mg_NH3 h^-1 mg^-1_cat. at -0.9 V	86% at -0.7 V	[57]
Fe-N/P-C SAC	0.1 mol L^-1 KOH and 0.1 mol L^-1 KNO₃	—	17980 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat. at -0.8 V	90.3% at -0.4 V	[54]

Table 3 The activity comparisons for ammonia synthesis from NO2RR and NORR on the recently reported SACs.

Catalyst	Electrolyte	Potential (V vs. RHE)	Production rate	FE	Ref.
Ru SA-NC	1 mol L^‒1 KOH and 0.5 mol L^‒1 NO₂^-	-0.6 V	0.69 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻²	97.8%	[92]
Nb-SA/BNC	0.1 mol L^‒1 HCl	-0.6 V	8.2 × 10^-8 mol cm^-2 s^-1	77%	[93]
Ce-SA/NHCS	0.05 mol L^‒1 HCl	-0.7V	1023 μg h^-1 mg^-1_cat.	91%	[94]
SA-Ni/graphene	0.5 mol L^‒1 K₂SO₄ and H₂SO₄ (pH = 1)	—	1.6 mmol mg^-1 h^-1at -0.68 V	81.2% at -0.51 V	[95]

Fig. 15. (a) The HAADF-STEM image of Ru SAs/N-C. (b) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve for Ru SAs/N-C. The FE (c) and yield rate (d) of NH3 production at different working potentials on Ru SAs/N-C and Ru NPs/N-C. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. FE (e) and yield rate (f) of NH3 over Ru@ZrO2/NC and the other controlled samples. (g) ΔGPDS for NRR on various active structures. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2019, Cell Press. (h) The NH3 yield and FE of Ru SAs/GDY/G at different applied potentials. (i) The NH3 yield rate normalized by the mass of Ru for Ru SAs/GDY/G at different potentials. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 16. (a) The FT-EXAFS spectra of Au1/C3N4 and the other standard samples. The FE (b) and yield rate (c) of NH3 for Au1/C3N4 at different potentials. (d) The free energy profile of NRR on Au1/C3N4 and Au (211). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (e) The HADDF-STEM image of SA-Ag/NC. (f) The FE-EXAFS fitting curve of SA-Ag/NC. (g) The FE and yield rate of NH3 over SA-Ag/NC. The cycling tests (h) and chronoamperometry result (i) of SA-Ag/NC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [48]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 17. (a) The HAADF-STEM image of FeSA-N-C, scale bar, 2 nm. (b) The FE-EXAFS spectra of FeSA-N-C and Fe foil. (c) The comparison of linear sweep voltammograms between FeSA-N-C and N-C. (d) The NH3 FE and yield rate at different potentials. (e) The mean force (PMF) potential for N2 adsorption on FeSA-N-C in 0.1 mol L-1 KOH electrolyte. (f) The energy barriers of the adsorption of hydrogen and nitrogen. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature.

Fig. 18. (a) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve and atomic structure of FeSA-NSC-900. (b) The comparison of the FE values and NH3 yields for FeSA-NSC-900 with other reported state-of-the-art Fe SACs and Fe-based compounds. (c) The free energy profiles of FeN3S1 and FeN4 models at -0.4 V are presented by gray and red lines, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [59]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fig. 19. (a) The HAADF-STEM image of NC-Cu SA. (b) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve for the NC-Cu SA. NH3 yield rate and FE at different potentials for NC-Cu SA in 0.1 mol L-1 KOH (c) and 0.1 mol L-1 HCl (d). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (e) NH3 yield rate (red) and FE (blue) at different potentials for SA-Mo/NPC. (f) The chronoamperometric curve and FE stability for SA-Mo/NPC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [69]. Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fig. 20. (a) The FE of NH3 (blue) and NO2- (mauve) of various elements incorporated in PTCDA at the potential of -0.4 V vs. RHE. (b) The NH3 yield rate at different potentials at the second hour. (c) NH3 FE at different potentials at the second hour. H (d) and NO3- (e) adsorption energies. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [84]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature.

Fig. 21. (a) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve and atomic model of Cu MNC-7. (b) The charge density difference of NC, Cu(I)-N3C1, and Cu(II)-N4. (c) The activation energy for NO3RR using Cu(I)-N3C1 and Cu(II)-N4 as models. (d) The NO3- conversion and nitrogen product selectivity of different catalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 22. The HAADF-STEM image (a) and corresponding local EELS (b) of Fe-PPy SACs. (c) The LSVs of the Fe-PPy SACs, Fe NPs, and PPy with and without adding NO3- in the electrolytes. (d) The yield rate of the three catalysts at high overpotentials. (e) The NH3 FE over three catalysts. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [88]. Copyright 2021, Royal society of chemistry. (f) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve and atomic configuration of Fe SAC. (g) The NH3 FE of Fe SAC at different potentials. (h) The NH3 yield rate and partial current density of Fe SAC, Fe NP/NC, and NC. (i) The NH3 yield rate of Fe SAC, Co SAC, and Ni SAC. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2021, Springer Nature.

Fig. 23. (a) Selection of 3d/4d/5d/f metals synthesized via the sacrificial support method. (b) The Schematic of the nitrogen-coordinated metal active site (M-N4) on a prototype carbon matrix illustrates in-plane and out-of-plane configurations. (c) Electrochemical NO2RR for M-N-C catalysts in 0.05 mol L?1 PBS?+?0.01 mol L?1 KNO2 for 0.5?h. The bottom section shows the corresponding NH3 yield rate. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature.

Fig. 24. (a) The HAADF-STEM image of Nb-SA/BNC. (b) The FT-EXAFS fitting curve and corresponding atomic structure of Nb-SA/BNC. (c) The NH3 yield rate of NORR for NB-SA/BNC and the other controlled samples. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (d) The NH3 FE and yield rate of NORR over Ce-SA/NHCS. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier.

Fig. 25. (a) The first-order derivatives of the XANES spectra were recorded at different cathodic potentials in nitrate electrolysis. (b) Corresponding Cu K edge FT-EXAFS spectra at different potentials from fresh, 0.00 to -1.00 V vs. RHE. (c) The XAS comparisons of electrolysis of Cu-N-C at -1.00 V vs. RHE with and without nitrate. (d) Corresponding FT-EXAFS spectra and HAADF-STEM image (inset) after durability measurements. (e) Identical-location electron microscopic characterizations. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [61]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.

References

[1]	S. L. Foster, S. I. P. Bakovic, R. D. Duda, S. Maheshwari, R. D. Milton, S. D. Minteer, M. J. Janik, J. N. Renner, L. F. Greenlee, Nat. Catal., 2018, 1, 490-500.
[2]	K. Lee Hiang, L. Koh Charlynn Sher, H. Lee Yih, C. Liu, Y. Phang In, X. Han, C.-K. Tsung, Y. Ling Xing, Sci. Adv., 2018, 4, eaar3208.
[3]	Y. Kojima, M. Yamaguchi, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47, 22832-22839.
[4]	A. Valera-Medina, F. Amer-Hatem, A. K. Azad, I. C. Dedoussi, M. de Joannon, R. X. Fernandes, P. Glarborg, H. Hashemi, X. He, S. Mashruk, J. McGowan, C. Mounaim-Rouselle, A. Ortiz-Prado, A. Ortiz-Valera, I. Rossetti, B. Shu, M. Yehia, H. Xiao, M. Costa, Energy Fuels, 2021, 35, 6964-7029.
[5]	A. J. Wu, J. Yang, B. Xu, X.-Y. Wu, Y. H. Wang, X. J. Lv, Y. C. Ma, A. N. Xu, J. G. Zheng, Q. H. Tan, Y. Q. Peng, Z. F. Qi, H. F. Qi, J.-F. Li, Y. L. Wang, J. Harding, X. Tu, A. Q. Wang, J. H. Yan, X. D. Li, Appl. Catal. B, 2021, 299, 120667.
[6]	C. Tang, S.-Z. Qiao, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2019, 48, 3166-3180.
[7]	S. Y. Wang, F. Ichihara, H. Pang, H. Chen, J. H. Ye, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28, 1803309.
[8]	C. J. M. van der Ham, M. T. M. Koper, D. G. H. Hetterscheid, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 5183-5191.
[9]	Y. Qiu, X. Peng, F. Lü, Y. Y. Mi, L. C. Zhuo, J. Q. Ren, X. J. Liu, Chem. Asian J., 2019, 14, 2770-2779.
[10]	D. Liu, M. P. Chen, X. Y. Du, H. Q. Ai, K. H. Lo, S. P. Wang, S. Chen, G. C. Xing, X. S. Wang, H. Pan, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2008983.
[11]	C. Wang, L.-L. Gu, S.-Y. Qiu, J. Gao, Y.-C. Zhang, K.-X. Wang, J.-J. Zou, P.-J. Zuo, X.-D. Zhu, Appl. Catal. B, 2021, 297, 120452.
[12]	A. J. Martín, J. Pérez-Ramírez, Joule, 2019, 3, 2602-2621.
[13]	C. Choi, S. Back, N.-Y. Kim, J. Lim, Y.-H. Kim, Y. Jung, ACS Catal., 2018, 8, 7517-7525.
[14]	O. Einsle, A. Messerschmidt, P. Stach, G. P. Bourenkov, H. D. Bartunik, R. Huber, P. M. H. Kroneck, Nature, 1999, 400, 476-480.
[15]	S. Xu, D. C. Ashley, H.-Y. Kwon, G. R. Ware, C.-H. Chen, Y. Losovyj, X. F. Gao, E. Jakubikova, J. M. Smith, Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 4950-4958.
[16]	J. Y. Wan, H. Zhang, J. Yang, J. G. Zheng, Z. K. Han, W. T. Yuan, B. R. Lan, X. D. Li, Appl. Catal. B, 2024, 347, 123816.
[17]	Y. C. Xiong, Y. H. Wang, J. W. Zhou, F. Liu, F. K. Hao, Z. X. Fan, Adv. Mater., 2023, DOI10.1002/adma.202304021.
[18]	X. He, Z. X. Li, J. Yao, K. Dong, X. H. Li, L. Hu, S. J. Sun, Z. W. Cai, D. D. Zheng, Y. S. Luo, B. W. Ying, M. S. Hamdy, L. S. Xie, Q. Liu, X. P. Sun, iScience, 2023, 26, 107100.
[19]	Y. Y. Liu, T. Maschmeyer, S. L. Zhao, Chem, 2024, 10, 437-440.
[20]	X.-F. Yang, A. Wang, B. Qiao, J. Li, J. Liu, T. Zhang, Acc. Chem. Res., 2013, 46, 1740-1748.
[21]	A. Q. Wang, J. Li, T. Zhang, Nat. Rev. Chem., 2018, 2, 65-81.
[22]	Y. Peng, B. Z. Lu, S. W. Chen, Adv. Mater., 2018, 30, 1801995.
[23]	P. P. Li, Z. W. Fang, Z. Y. Jin, G. H. Yu, Chem. Phys. Rev., 2021, 2, 041305.
[24]	N. Lehnert, H. T. Dong, J. B. Harland, A. P. Hunt, C. J. White, Nat. Rev. Chem., 2018, 2, 278-289.
[25]	X. Zhang, Y. F. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, R. Shi, G. I. N. Waterhouse, T. R. Zhang, Adv. Energy Mater., 2019, 9, 1900881.
[26]	M. W. Chang, J. Wu, L. Xu, L. M. Zhang, Mater. Res. Lett., 2023, 11, 697-712.
[27]	T. M. Buscagan, D. C. Rees, Joule, 2019, 3, 2662-2678.
[28]	H. Xu, Y. Y. Ma, J. Chen, W.-X. Zhang, J. P. Yang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 2710-2758.
[29]	I. J. McPherson, T. Sudmeier, J. Fellowes, S. C. E. Tsang, Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 1562-1568.
[30]	H. Niu, Z. F. Zhang, X. T. Wang, X. H. Wan, C. Shao, Y. Z. Guo, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2008533.
[31]	R. Zhang, D. Shuai, K. A. Guy, J. R. Shapley, T. J. Strathmann, C. J. Werth, ChemCatChem, 2013, 5, 313-321.
[32]	X. N. Zheng, Y. Yan, X. X. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yao, J. Hazard. Mater., 2013, 446, 130679.
[33]	Y. T. Wu, J. R. Lv, F. J. Xie, R. Z. An, J. J. Zhang, H. Huang, Z. F. Shen, L.C. Jiang, M. H. Xu, Q. F. Yao, Y. Y. Cao, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2024, 656, 155-167.
[34]	X. Y. Li, H. P. Rong, J. T. Zhang, D. S. Wang, Y. D. Li, Nano Res., 2020, 13, 1842-1855.
[35]	T. Y. Xiang, Y. T. Liang, Y. X. Zeng, J. Deng, J. L. Yuan, W. P. Xiong, B. Song, C. Y Zhou, Y. Yang, Small, 2023, 19, 2303732.
[36]	H. M. Liu, C. Liu, X. Zong, Y. F. Wang, Z. Z. Hu, Z. Q. Zhang, Chem. Asian J., 2023, 18, e202201161.
[37]	J. J. Guo, J. J. Huo, Y. Liu, W. J. Wu, Y. Wang, M. H. Wu, H. Liu, G. X. Wang, Small Methods, 2019, 3, 1900159.
[38]	Z. Chen, J. X. Zhao, C. R. Cabrera, Z. F. Chen, Small Methods, 2019, 3, 1800368.
[39]	W. Song, C. S. Li, P. F. Ma, X. Liu, Y. L. Guo, M. Jia, W. Zhang, C. Z. He, Mol. Catal., 2023, 535, 112888.
[40]	D. Deng, B. Y. Song, C. Li, L.-M. Yang, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2022, 126, 20816-20830.
[41]	N. Sathishkumar, S.-Y. Wu, H.-T. Chen, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 598, 153829.
[42]	L. L. Lv, Y. Q. Shen, J. J. Liu, X. H. Meng, X. Gao, M. Zhou, Y. Zhang, D. D. Gong, Y. D. Zheng, Z. X. Zhou, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2021, 12, 11143-11150.
[43]	A. J. Medford, A. Vojvodic, J. S. Hummelshøj, J. Voss, F. Abild-Pedersen, F. Studt, T. Bligaard, A. Nilsson, J. K. Nørskov, J. Catal., 2015, 328, 36-42.
[44]	Z. Xue, X. Y. Zhang, J. Q. Qin, R. P. Liu, Nano Energy, 2021, 80, 105527.
[45]	H. J. Kong, N. Dong, W. Zhang, M. Jia, W. Song, Comput. Theor. Chem., 2023, 1226, 114225.
[46]	X. Liu, Y. Jiao, Y. Zheng, M. Jaroniec, S.-Z. Qiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2019, 141, 9664-9672.
[47]	H. Niu, Z. F. Zhang, X. T. Wang, X. H. Wan, C. G. Kuai, Y. Z. Guo, Small, 2021, 17, 2102396.
[48]	Y. Chen, R. J. Guo, X. Y. Peng, X. Q. Wang, X. J. Liu, J. Q. Ren, J. He, L. C. Zhuo, J. Q. Sun, Y. F. Liu, Y. Wu, J. Luo, ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 6938-6946.
[49]	S. N. Chen, M. K. Bu, Z. Y. Zhou, Y. H. Liang, Z. X. Dai, J. J. Shi, Mater. Today Energy, 2022, 25, 100954.
[50]	Y. Zheng, S.-Z. Qiao, Natl. Sci. Rev., 2018, 5, 626-627.
[51]	Y. Qian, F. Zhang, H. Pang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2104231.
[52]	H. H. Chen, C. Q. Zhang, L. Sheng, M. M. Wang, W. Fu, S. Gao, Z. R. Zhang, S. Q. Chen, R. Si, L. Z. Wang, B. Yang, J. Hazard. Mater., 2022, 434, 128892.
[53]	M. Q. Xu, Q. F. Xie, D. L. Duan, Y. Zhang, Y. H. Zhou, H. Q. Zhou, X. Y. Li, Y. Wang, P. Gao, W. Ye, ChemSusChem, 2022, 15, e202200231.
[54]	J. W. Xu, S. B. Zhang, H. J. Liu, S. Liu, Y. Yuan, Y. H. Meng, M. M. Wang, C. Y. Shen, Q. Peng, J. H. Chen, X. Y. Wang, L. Song, K. Li, W. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2023, 62, e202308044.
[55]	H. C. Tao, C. Choi, L.-X. Ding, Z. Jiang, Z. S. Han, M. W. Jia, Q. Fan, Y. N. Gao, H. H. Wang, A. W. Robertson, S. Hong, Y. S. Jung, S. Z. Liu, Z. Y. Sun, Chem, 2019, 5, 204-214.
[56]	Z.-Y. Wu, S.-L. Xu, Q.-Q. Yan, Z.-Q. Chen, Y.-W. Ding, C. Li, H.-W. Liang, S.-H. Yu, Sci. Adv., 2018, 4, eaat0788.
[57]	L. Y. Liu, T. Xiao, H. Y. Fu, Z. J. Chen, X.L. Qu, S. R. Zheng, Appl. Catal. B, 2023, 323, 122181.
[58]	Q. N. Song, M. Li, X. S. Hou, J. C. Li, Z. J. Dong, S. Dong, L. Yang, X. Liu, Appl. Catal. B, 2022, 317, 121721.
[59]	Y. Li, Y.X. Ji, Y. J. Zhao, J. X. Chen, S. X. Zheng, X. H. Sang, B. Yang, Z. J. Li, L. C. Lei, Z. H. Wen, X. L. Feng, Y. Hou, Adv. Mater., 2022, 34, 2202240.
[60]	X. Zhao, X. X. Jia, Y. N. He, H. B. Zhang, X. H. Zhou, H. C. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, Y. M. Dong, X. Hu, A. V. Kuklin, G. V. Baryshnikov, H. Ågren, G. Z. Hu, Appl. Mater. Today, 2021, 25, 101206.
[61]	J. Yang, H. F. Qi, A. Q. Li, X. Y. Liu, X. F. Yang, S. X. Zhang, Q. Zhao, Q. K. Jiang, Y. Su, L. L. Zhang, J.-F. Li, Z.-Q. Tian, W. Liu, A. Q. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 12062-12071.
[62]	S. Zhang, J. H. Wu, M. T. Zheng, X. Jin, Z. H. Shen, Z. H. Li, Y. J. Wang, Q. Wang, X. B. Wang, H. Wei, J. W. Zhang, P. Wang, S. Q. Zhang, L. Y. Yu, L. F. Dong, Q. S. Zhu, H. G. Zhang, J. Lu, Nat. Commun., 2023, 14, 3634.
[63]	X. T. Feng, J. Y. Liu, L. Chen, Y. Kong, Z. D. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, D. S. Wang, W. Liu, S. Z. Li, L. M. Tong, J. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 10259-10267.
[64]	H. Y. Zou, W. F. Rong, S. T. Wei, Y. F. Ji, L. L. Duan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2020, 117, 29462-29468.
[65]	Y. Li, J. W. Li, J. H. Huang, J. X. Chen, Y. Kong, B. Yang, Z. J. Li, L. L. Lei, G. L. Chai, Z. H. Wen, L. M. Dai, Y. Hou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60, 9078-9085.
[66]	Z.-Y. Wu, M. Karamad, X. Yong, Q. Z. Huang, D. A. Cullen, P. Zhu, C. Xia, Q. F. Xiao, M. Shakouri, F.-Y. Shakouri, J. Y. Kim, Y. Xia, K. Heck, Y. F. Hu, M. S. Wong, Q. L. Li, I. Gates, S. Siahrostami, H. T. Wang, Nat. Commun., 2021, 12, 2870.
[67]	Y. H. Xue, Q. H. Yu, Q. Ma, Y. Y. Chen, C. N. Zhang, W. Teng, J. W. Fan, W.-X. Zhang, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2022, 56, 14797-14807.
[68]	M. F. Wang, S. S. Liu, T. Qian, J. Liu, J. Q. Zhou, H. Q. Ji, J. Xiong, J. Zhong, C. L. Yan, Nat. Commun., 2019, 10, 341.
[69]	L. L. Han, X. J. Liu, J. P. Chen, R. Q. Lin, H. X. Liu, F. Lue, S. Bak, Z. X. Liang, S. Z. Zhao, E. Stavitski, J. Luo, R. R. Adzic, H. L. Xin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58, 2321-2325.
[70]	Z. G. Geng, Y. Liu, X. D. Kong, P. Li, K. Li, Z. Y. Liu, J. J. Du, M. Shu, R. Si, J. Zeng, Adv. Mater., 2018, 30, 1803498.
[71]	X. Chen, X. L. Ji, J. Kou, Discover Chem. Eng., 2023, 3, 21.
[72]	M. Wei, S. J. Li, X. L. Wang, G. F. Zuo, H. Wang, X. G. Meng, J. C. Wang, Adv. Energy. Sust. Res., 2024, 5, 2300173.
[73]	Z.-H. Xue, S.-N. Zhang, Y.-X. Lin, H. Su, G.-Y. Zhai, J.-T. Han, Q.-Y. Yu, X.-H. Li, M. Antonietti, J.-S. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2019, 141, 14976-14980.
[74]	E. Skúlason, T. Bligaard, S. Gudmundsdóttir, F. Studt, J. Rossmeisl, F. Abild-Pedersen, T. Vegge, H. Jónsson, J. K. Nørskov, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 1235-1245.
[75]	X. Q. Wang, W. Y. Wang, M. Qiao, G. Wu, W. X. Chen, T. W. Yuan, Q. Xu, M. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Wang, J. J. Ge, X. Hong, Y. F. Li, Y. Wu, Y. D. Li, Sci. Bull., 2018, 63, 1246-1253.
[76]	Q. Qin, T. Heil, M. Antonietti, M. Oschatz, Small Methods, 2018, 2, 1800202.
[77]	M. S. Iqbal, Z.-B. Yao, Y.-K. Ruan, R. Iftikhar, L.-D. Hao, A. W. Robertson, S. M. Imran, Z.-Y. Sun, Rare Metals, 2023, 42, 1075-1097.
[78]	W. J. Zang, T. Yang, H. Y. Zou, S. B. Xi, H. Zhang, X. M. Liu, Z. K. Kou, Y. H. Du, Y. P. Feng, L. Shen, L. L. Duan, J. Wang, S. J. Pennycook, ACS Catal., 2019, 9, 10166-10173.
[79]	S. Mukherjee, X. X. Yang, W. T. Shan, W. Samarakoon, S. Karakalos, D. A. Cullen, K. More, M. Y. Wang, Z. X. Feng, G. F. Wang, G. Wu, Small Methods, 2020, 4, 1900821.
[80]	L. L. Han, M. C. Hou, P. F. Ou, H. Cheng, Z. H. Ren, Z. X. Liang, J. A. Boscoboinik, A. Hunt, I. Waluyo, S. S. Zhang, L. C. Zhuo, J. Song, X. J. Liu, J. Luo, H. L. Xin, ACS Catal., 2021, 11, 509-516.
[81]	J. John, D. R. MacFarlane, A. N. Simonov, Nat. Catal., 2023, 6, 1125-1130.
[82]	Y. T. Wang, C. H. Wang, M. Y. Li, Y. F. Yu, B. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 6720-6733.
[83]	L. Y. Liu, S. R. Zheng, ChemCatChem, 2024, DOI:10.1002/cctc.202301641.
[84]	G.-F. Chen, Y.F. Yuan, H.F. Jiang, S.-Y. Ren, L.-X. Ding, L. Ma, T. P. Wu, J. Lu, H. H. Wang, Nat. Energy, 2020, 5, 605-613.
[85]	T. H. Zhu, Q. S. Chen, P. Liao, W. J. Duan, S. Liang, Z. Yan, C. H. Feng, Small, 2020, 16, 2004526.
[86]	X.-F. Cheng, J.-H. He, H.-Q. Ji, H.-Y. Zhang, Q. Cao, W.-J. Sun, C.-L. Yan, J.-M. Lu, Adv. Mater., 2022, 34, 2205767.
[87]	Y. T. Liu, W. X. Qiu, P. F. Wang, R. Li, K. Liu, K. M. Omer, Z. Y. Jin, P. P. Li, Appl. Catal. B, 2024, 340, 123228.
[88]	P. P. Li, Z. Y. Jin, Z. W. Fang, G. H. Yu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 3522-3531.
[89]	J. Wang, T. Feng, J. X. Chen, V. Ramalingam, Z. X. Li, D. M. Kabtamu, J.-H. He, X. S. Fang, Nano Energy, 2021, 86, 106088.
[90]	G. L. Lu, S. S. Gao, Q. Liu, S. S. Zhang, J. Luo, X. J. Liu, Nat. Sci., 2023, 3, e20220047.
[91]	E. Murphy, Y. C. Liu, I. Matanovic, M. Rüscher, Y. Huang, A. Ly, S. Y. Guo, W. J. Zang, X. X. Yan, A. Martini, J. Timoshenko, B. R. Cuenya, I. V. Zenyuk, X. Q. Pan, E. D. Spoerke, P. Atanassov, Nat. Commun., 2023, 14, 4554.
[92]	Z. J. Ke, D. He, X. X. Yan, W. H. Hu, N. Williams, H. X. Kang, X. Q. Pan, J. Huang, J. Gu, X. H. Xiao, ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 3483-3491.
[93]	X. Y. Peng, Y. Y. Mi, H. H. Bao, Y. F. Liu, D. F. Qi, Y. Qiu, L. C. Zhuo, S. Z. Zhao, J. Q. Sun, X. L. Tang, J. Luo, X. J. Liu, Nano Energy, 2020, 78, 105321.
[94]	W. Q. Zhang, X. H. Qin, T. R. Wei, Q. Liu, J. Luo, X. J. Liu, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2023, 638, 650-657.
[95]	S. W. Zhao, M. W. Chang, J. Y. Liu, G. S. Shi, Y. Q. Yang, H. L. Gu, J. H. Zhang, C. L. Yang, H. N. Tong, C. Y. Zhu, K. C. Cao, S. Z. Li, L. M. Zhang, Chem Catal., 2023, 3, 100598.
[96]	J. Yang, W. G. Liu, M. Q. Xu, X. Y. Liu, H. F. Qi, L. L. Zhang, X. F. Yang, S. S. Niu, D. Zhou, Y. F. Liu, Y. Su, J.-F. Li, Z.-Q. Tian, W. Zhou, A. Q. Wang, T. Zhang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143, 14530-14539.
[97]	L. L. Zhang, J. Yang, X. F. Yang, A. Q. Wang, T. Zhang, Chem Catal., 2023, 3, 100560.
[98]	Y.-T. Xu, M.-Y. Xie, H. Q. Zhong, Y. Cao, ACS Catal., 2022, 12, 8698-8706.
[99]	X.-Y. Ji, K. Sun, Z.-K. Liu, X. H. Liu, W. K. Dong, X. T. Zuo, R. W. Shao, J. Tao, Nano-Micro Lett., 2023, 15, 110.
[100]	F. Yang, P. Song, X. Ge, Y. Wang, T. Gunji, W. Zhang, X. Zhao, W. L. Xu, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2023, 120, e2301011120.

Ammonia electrosynthesis on carbon-supported metal single-atom catalysts

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 28

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	Tianhua Zhang, Haihui Hu, Jiaxin Li, Yinglong Gao, Lingling Li, Mingyuan Zhang, Xuanbei Peng, Yanliang Zhou, Jun Ni, Bingyu Lin, Jianxin Lin, Bing Zhu, Dongshuang Wu, Linjie Zhang, Lili Han, Lirong Zheng, Xiuyun Wang, Lilong Jiang. Tuning clusters-metal oxide promoters electronic interaction of Ru-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 60(5): 209-218.
[2]	Zhounan Yu, Leilei Zhang, Yuanlong Tan, Rizheng Jing, Hongchen Cao, Caiyi Lou, Rile Ge, Junhu Wang, Aiqin Wang, Tao Zhang. PS-PPh₂ tethered Pt single atoms promoted by SnCl₂ as highly efficient and regio-selective catalysts for the hydroformylation of higher α-alkenes [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 60(5): 316-326.
[3]	Yifei Nie, Hongping Yan, Suwei Lu, Hongwei Zhang, Tingting Qi, Shijing Liang, Lilong Jiang. Theory-guided construction of Cu-O-Ti-O_v active sites on Cu/TiO₂ catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 59(4): 293-302.
[4]	Ning Song, Jizhou Jiang, Shihuan Hong, Yun Wang, Chunmei Li, Hongjun Dong. State-of-the-art advancements in single atom electrocatalysts originating from MOFs for electrochemical energy conversion [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 59(4): 38-81.
[5]	De-Gui Wu, Xiao-Gen Xiong, Zhong-Dong Zhao, Shu-Qin Song, Zhao-Bin Ding. Unravelling ligand topology effect on the binding of oxygen reduction reaction intermediates on Fe-N_x-C single-atom catalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 59(4): 214-224.
[6]	Junlei Zhang, Wencong Liu, Biao Liu, Xiaoguang Duan, Zhimin Ao, Mingshan Zhu. Is single-atom catalyzed peroxymonosulfate activation better? Coupling with metal oxide may be better [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 59(4): 137-148.
[7]	Lili Chen, Yanheng Hao, Jianyi Chu, Song Liu, Fenghua Bai, Wenhao Luo. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia: A perspective on Fe/Cu-containing catalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 58(3): 25-36.
[8]	Qian Zhang, Xunzhu Jiang, Yang Su, Yang Zhao, Botao Qiao. Catalytic propane dehydrogenation by anatase supported Ni single-atom catalysts [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 57(2): 105-113.
[9]	Yi Wang, Shuo Wang, Yunfan Fu, Jiaqi Sang, Yipeng Zang, Pengfei Wei, Hefei Li, Guoxiong Wang, Xinhe Bao. Synergistic catalytic conversion of nitrate into ammonia on copper phthalocyanine and FeNC two-component catalyst [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 56(1): 104-113.
[10]	Xiaolong Tang, Feng Li, Fang Li, Yanbin Jiang, Changlin Yu. Single-atom catalysts for the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 79-98.
[11]	Jin-Nian Hu, Ling-Chan Tian, Haiyan Wang, Yang Meng, Jin-Xia Liang, Chun Zhu, Jun Li. Theoretical screening of single-atom electrocatalysts of MXene-supported 3d-metals for efficient nitrogen reduction [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 252-262.
[12]	Yong Liu, Xiaoli Zhao, Chang Long, Xiaoyan Wang, Bangwei Deng, Kanglu Li, Yanjuan Sun, Fan Dong. In situ constructed dynamic Cu/Ce(OH)_x interface for nitrate reduction to ammonia with high activity, selectivity and stability [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 196-206.
[13]	Sikai Wang, Xiang-Ting Min, Botao Qiao, Ning Yan, Tao Zhang. Single-atom catalysts: In search of the holy grails in catalysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 52(9): 1-13.
[14]	Lei Zhao, Zhen Zhang, Zhaozhao Zhu, Pingbo Li, Jinxia Jiang, Tingting Yang, Pei Xiong, Xuguang An, Xiaobin Niu, Xueqiang Qi, Jun Song Chen, Rui Wu. Integration of atomic Co-N₅ sites with defective N-doped carbon for efficient zinc-air batteries [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 51(8): 216-224.
[15]	Na Zhou, Jiazhi Wang, Ning Zhang, Zhi Wang, Hengguo Wang, Gang Huang, Di Bao, Haixia Zhong, Xinbo Zhang. Defect-rich Cu@CuTCNQ composites for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50(7): 324-333.