Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt-based electrocatalysts: Four-electron vs. two-electron pathway

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63961-X

Abstract

Abstract:

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has attracted extensive attention as an important component for sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies. However, the sluggish kinetics has hampered the practical application. Pt-based nanomaterials have triggered much interest as the most promising electrocatalyst to facilitate the kinetics of ORR. Nonetheless, a major challenge for Pt-based electrocatalysts is to precisely control the selectivity of reaction pathways and possible products (H2O or H2O2) with a reduced loading amount of precious Pt. This review systematically summarizes the strategies to regulate the ORR performances of Pt-based electrocatalysts by accommodating the adsorption energy and spatial structure. Further discussion is implemented about the key factors to accelerate the kinetics of ORR and control the 4e-ORR and 2e-ORR pathways. Finally, we demonstrate the challenges and perspectives for further development of novel Pt-based electrocatalysts.

Key words: Oxygen reduction reaction, Electrocatalysts, Platinum, Selectivity, Hydrogen peroxide

Lili Zhang, Suyu Jiang, Wei Ma, Zhen Zhou. Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt-based electrocatalysts: Four-electron vs. two-electron pathway[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(6): 1433-1443.

×
share this article

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63961-X

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I6/1433

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of pathways and applications of ORR.

Fig. 2. (a) Proposed pathways for ORR, where * denotes an active site of the catalyst. (b) The black, red and white spheres represent catalyst atoms, oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms, respectively. The yellow and blue arrows indicate O?O bond cleavage and the proton/electron transfer, respectively. (b) Reproduced with permission [31]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (c) Schematic representation of the qualitative Sabatier principle. Reproduced with permission [35]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the relationship between ORR activity and selectivity of Pt-based electrocatalysts.

Fig. 4. Pt-based electrocatalysts for 4e-ORR. (a?d) Schematic illustrations of Pt3Ni nanoframes, PtNi-BNCs and PtPb nanoplates, and, DFT-determined correlation of atomic O adsorption energy with d-band center of surface sites. Reproduced with permission [44]. Copyright 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Reproduced with permission [45]. Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Reproduced with permission [46]. Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (e) Bond lengths for complete ORR on the Pt1-N/BP catalyst. Reproduced with permission [49]. Copyright 2017, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (f) Computational results. The average site occupancies, and the calculated binding energies for a single oxygen atom on Mo-Pt3Ni. Reproduced with permission [56]. Copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (g) Schematic illustration of GQD-Pt NTAs. Reproduced with permission [58]. Copyright 2021, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 5. Pt-based electrocatalysts for 2e-ORR. (a) Schematic illustration for three structure types of O2 adsorption on the metal surface. Reproduced with permission [62]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (b) ORR pathways on Pt surface. Reproduced with permission [64]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (c) Difference between adsorption behavior of OOH* on top/bridge sites of PtP2 and Pt. Reproduced with permission [67]. Copyright 2020, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (d) Support effect in SACs. Reproduced with permission [68]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. (e) Proposed atomistic structure of the Pt/HSC. (f) Calculated kinetic barriers of the second PCET steps for the 2e pathway (blue) and the 4e pathway (red) using Marcus kinetic theory. Reproduced with permission [69]. Copyright 2016, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (g) The H2O2 selectivity test of the Pt catalysts. Reproduced with permission [23]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier Inc.

Fig. 6. (a) Schematic illustration showing the comparison between the 3D electrode and the electrode built from catalyst powers. Reproduced with permission [73]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. (b) Schematic illustration of the double-layer structure during ORR. Reproduced with permission [74]. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society. (c?e) Possible cell configurations for the electrosynthesis of H2O2. Reproduced with permission [77]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature. (f) Faradaic efficiency in different systems. Reproduced with permission [17]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.

References

[1]	C. F. Shih, T. Zhang, J. Li, C. Bai, Joule, 2018, 2, 1925-1949.
[2]	X. Zhang, X.-G. Wang, Z. J. Xie, Z. Zhou, Green Energy Environ., 2016, 1, 4-17.
[3]	C. Wang, Z. Xie, Z. Zhou, APL Mater., 2019, 7, 040701.
[4]	F. Xiao, Y.-C. Wang, Z.-P. Wu, G. Chen, F. Yang, S. Zhu, K. Siddharth, Z. Kong, A. Lu, J.-C. Li, C.-J. Zhong, Z.-Y. Zhou, M. Shao, Adv. Mater., 2021, 33, 2006292.
[5]	Z. Liu, Z. Zhao, B. Peng, X. Duan, Y. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 17812-17827.
[6]	W. Ma, H. Wan, L. Zhang, J. Y. Zheng, Z. Zhou, J. Energy Chem., 2022, 63, 170-194.
[7]	Y. Sun, L. Han, P. Strasser, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2020, 49, 6605-6631.
[8]	L. Zhang, G.-F. Chen, L.-X. Ding, H. Wang, Chem. Eur. J., 2019, 25, 12464-12485.
[9]	J. Ge, J. Y. Zheng, J. Zhang, S. Jiang, L. Zhang, H. Wan, L. Wang, W. Ma, Z. Zhou, R. Ma, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 14432-14443.
[10]	H. Cheng, Y. Diao, Q. Liu, L. Wei, X. Li, J. Chen, F. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 428, 131084.
[11]	H. Cheng, Q. Liu, Y. Diao, L. Wei, J. Chen, F. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2103732.
[12]	K. Kodama, T. Nagai, A. Kuwaki, R. Jinnouchi, Y. Morimoto, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2021, 16, 140-147.
[13]	Y. Nie, L. Li, Z. Wei, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 2168-2201.
[14]	X. X. Wang, M. T. Swihart, G. Wu, Nat. Catal., 2019, 2, 578-589.
[15]	J. Zhang, H. Yang, B. Liu, Adv. Energy Mater., 2021, 11, 2002473.
[16]	Y. Jiang, P. Ni, C. Chen, Y. Lu, P. Yang, B. Kong, A. Fisher, X. Wang, Adv. Energy Mater., 2018, 8, 1801909.
[17]	S. Yang, A. Verdaguer-Casadevall, L. Arnarson, L. Silvioli, V. Čolić, R. Frydendal, J. Rossmeisl, I. Chorkendorff, I. E. L. Stephens, ACS Catal., 2018, 8, 4064-4081.
[18]	K. Jiang, J. Zhao, H. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2020, 30, 2003321.
[19]	H. Li, Y. Wen, M. Jiang, Y. Yao, H. Zhou, Z. Huang, J. Li, S. Jiao, Y. Kuang, S. Luo, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2011289.
[20]	N. Zion, J. C. Douglin, D. A. Cullen, P. Zelenay, D. R. Dekel, L. Elbaz, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2100963.
[21]	Y. Pang, K. Wang, H. Xie, Y. Sun, M.-M. Titirici, G.-L. Chai, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 7434-7442.
[22]	M. Li, Z. Zhao, T. Cheng, A. Fortunelli, C.-Y. Chen, R. Yu, Q. Zhang, L. Gu, B. V. Merinov, Z. Lin, E. Zhu, T. Yu, Q. Jia, J. Guo, L. Zhang, W. A. Goddard III, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Science, 2016, 354, 1414-1419.
[23]	R. Shen, W. Chen, Q. Peng, S. Lu, L. Zheng, X. Cao, Y. Wang, W. Zhu, J. Zhang, Z. Zhuang, C. Chen, D. Wang, Y. Li, Chem, 2019, 5, 2099-2110.
[24]	Z. Ma, Z. P. Cano, A. Yu, Z. Chen, G. Jiang, X. Fu, L. Yang, T. Wu, Z. Bai, J. Lu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59, 18334-18348.
[25]	J. Zhang, Y. Yuan, L. Gao, G. Zeng, M. Li, H. Huang, Adv. Mater., 2021, 33, 2006494.
[26]	Z. Li, S. Ji, Y. Liu, X. Cao, S. Tian, Y. Chen, Z. Niu, Y. Li, Chem. Rev., 2020, 120, 623-682.
[27]	J. Kong, W. Cheng, Chin. J. Catal., 2017, 38, 951-969.
[28]	I. Katsounaros, W. B. Schneider, J. C. Meier, U. Benedikt, P. U. Biedermann, A. A. Auera, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 7384-7391.
[29]	I. Katsounaros, S. Cherevko, A. R. Zeradjanin, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 102-121.
[30]	Y. Guo, Y.-N. Chen, H. Cui, Z. Zhou, Chin. J. Catal., 2019, 40, 1298-1310.
[31]	W. Xia, A. Mahmood, Z. Liang, R. Zou, S. Guo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016, 55, 2650-2676.
[32]	H.-H. Li, S.-H. Yu, Adv. Mater., 2019, 31, 1803503.
[33]	P. Strasser, S. Kühl, Nano Energy, 2016, 29, 166-177.
[34]	M. Che, Catal. Today, 2013, 218-219, 162-171.
[35]	A. J. Medford, A. Vojvodic, J. S. Hummelshøj, J. Voss, F. Abild-Pedersen, F. Studt, T. Bligaard, A. Nilsson, J. K. Nørskov, J. Catal., 2015, 328, 36-42.
[36]	V. Viswanathan, H. A. Hansen, J. Rossmeisl, J. K. Nørskov, ACS Catal., 2012, 2, 1654-1660.
[37]	A. Kulkarni, S. Siahrostami, A. Patel, J. K. Nørskov, Chem. Rev., 2018, 118, 2302-2312.
[38]	C. Xie, Z. Niu, D. Kim, M. Li, P. Yang, Chem. Rev., 2020, 120, 1184-1249.
[39]	M. H. Shao, T. Huang, P. Liu, J. Zhang, K. Sasaki, M. B. Vukmirovic, R. R. Adzic, Langmuir, 2006, 22, 10409-10415.
[40]	V. Stamenkovic, T. J. Schmidt, P. N. Ross, N. M. Markovic, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, 554-555, 191-199.
[41]	M. Lefevre, J. P. Dodelet, Electrochim. Acta, 2003, 48, 2749-2760.
[42]	Z. Lu, G. Chen, S. Siahrostami, Z. Chen, K. Liu, J. Xie, L. Liao, T. Wu, D. Lin, Y. Liu, T. F. Jaramillo, J. K. Nørskov, Y. Cui, Nat. Catal., 2018, 1, 156-162.
[43]	Z. W. Seh, J. Kibsgaard, C. F. Dickens, I. Chorkendorff, J. K. Nørskov, T. F. Jaramillo, Science, 2017, 355, aad4998.
[44]	C. Chen, Y. Kang, Z. Huo, Z. Zhu, W. Huang, H. L. Xin, J. D. Snyder, D. Li, J. A. Herron, M. Mavrikakis, M. Chi, K. L. More, Y. Li, N. M. Markovic, G. A. Somorjai, P. Yang, V. R. Stamenkovic, Science, 2014, 343, 1339-1343.
[45]	X. Tian, X. Zhao, Y.-Q. Su, L. Wang, H. Wang, D. Dang, B. Chi, H. Liu, E. J. M. Hensen, X. W. (David) Lou, B. Y. Xia, Science, 2019, 366, 850-856.
[46]	L. Bu, N. Zhang, S. Guo, X. Zhang, J. Li, J. Yao, T. Wu, G. Lu, J.-Y. Ma, D. Su, X. Huang, Science, 2016, 354, 1410-1414.
[47]	Y. Zhao, L. Tao, W. Dang, L. Wang, M. Xia, B. Wang, M. Liu, F. Gao, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao,, Small, 2019, 15, 1900288.
[48]	L. Song, Z. Liang, K. Nagamori, H. Igarashi, M. B. Vukmirovic, R. R. Adzic, K. Sasaki, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 4290-4298.
[49]	J. Liu, M. Jiao, L. Lu, H. M. Barkholtz, Y. Li, Y. Wang, L. Jiang, Z. Wu, D.-J. Liu, L. Zhuang, C. Ma, J. Zeng, B. Zhang, D. Su, P. Song, W. Xing, W. Xu, Y. Wang, Z. Jiang, G. Sun, Nat. Commun., 2017, 8, 15938.
[50]	J. Liu, M. Jiao, B. Mei, Y. Tong, Y. Li, M. Ruan, P. Song, G. Sun, L. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z. Jiang, L. Gu, Z. Zhou, W. Xu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58, 1163-1167.
[51]	S. Li, J. Liu, Z. Yin, P. Ren, L. Lin, Y. Gong, C. Yang, X. Zheng, R. Cao, S. Yao, Y. Deng, X. Liu, L. Gu, W. Zhou, J. Zhu, X. Wen, B. Xu, D. Ma, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 907-913.
[52]	F. Kong, Z. Ren, M. N. Banis, L. Du, X. Zhou, G. Chen, L. Zhang, J. Li, S Wang, M. Li, K. Doyle-Davis, Y. Ma, R. Li, A. Young, L. Yang, M. Markiewicz, Y. Tong, G. Yin, C. Du, J. Luo, X. Sun, ACS Catal., 2020, 10, 4205-4214.
[53]	Y. Liao, J. Li, S. Zhang, S. Chen, Chin. J. Catal., 2021, 42, 1108-1116.
[54]	Y. Li, R. Wu, Y. Liu, Y. Wen, P. K. Shen, Chin. J. Catal., 2021, 42, 772-780.
[55]	M. Li, F. Tian, T. Lin, L. Tao, X. Guo, Y. Chao, Z. Guo, Q. Zhang, L. Gu, W. Yang, Y. Yu, S. Guo, Small Methods, 2021, 5, 2100154.
[56]	X. Huang, Z. Zhao, L. Cao, Y. Chen, E. Zhu, Z. Lin, M. Li, A. Yan, A. Zettl, Y. M. Wang, X. Duan, T. Mueller, Y. Huang, Science, 2015, 348, 1230-1234.
[57]	D. He, L. Zhang, D. He, G. Zhou, Y. Lin, Z. Deng, X. Hong, Y. Wu, C. Chen, Y. Li, Nat. Commun., 2016, 7, 12362.
[58]	L. Zhang, P. Lu, Y. Luo, J. Y. Zheng, W. Ma, L.-X. Ding, H. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 9609-9615.
[59]	F. Zhu, L. Luo, A. Wu, C. Wang, X. Cheng, S. Shen, C. Ke, H. Yang, J. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 26076-26083.
[60]	Q. Li, L. Li, X. Yu, X. Wu, Z. Xie, X. Wang, Z. Lu, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, X. Yang, Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 399, 125827.
[61]	K. Wang, J. Huang, H. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Song, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 12109-12121.
[62]	J. Gao, B. Liu, ACS Mater. Lett., 2020, 2, 1008-1024.
[63]	X. Xiao, T. Wang, J. Bai, F.-M. Li, T. Ma, Y. Chen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10, 42534-42541.
[64]	C. H. Choi, H. C. Kwon, S. Yook, H. Shin, H. Kim, M. Choi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 30063-30070.
[65]	Z. Zheng, Y. H. Ng, D.-W. Wang, R. Amal, Adv. Mater., 2016, 28, 9949-9955.
[66]	R. Ferreira de Morais, A. A. Franco, P. Sautet, D. Loffreda, ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 5641-5650.
[67]	H. Li, P. Wen, D. S. Itanze, Z. D. Hood, S. Adhikari, C. Lu, X. Ma, C. Dun, L. Jiang, D. L. Carroll, Y. Qiu, S. M. Geyer, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 3928.
[68]	S. Yang, Y. J. Tak, J. Kim, A. Soon, H. Lee, ACS Catal., 2017, 7, 1301-1307.
[69]	C. H. Choi, M. Kim, H. C. Kwon, S. J. Cho, S. Yun, H.-T. Kim, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, H. Kim, M. Choi, Nat. Commun., 2016, 7, 10922.
[70]	S. Taylor, E. Fabbri, P. Levecque, T. J. Schmidt, O. Conrad, Electrocatalysis, 2016, 7, 287-296.
[71]	Q. Zhang, M. Zhou, G. Ren, Y. Li, Y. Li, X. Du, Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 1731.
[72]	Q. Zhao, J. An, S. Wang, Y. Qiao, C. Liao, C. Wang, X. Wang, N. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11, 35410-35419.
[73]	J. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Gao, S. Xi, W. Cai, J. Zhang, P. Cui, B. Liu, Carbon Energy, 2020, 2, 276-282.
[74]	N. Ramaswamy, S. Mukerjee, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115, 18015-18026.
[75]	Y. Pang, H. Xie, Y. Sun, M.-M. Titirici, G.-L. Chai, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 24996-25016.
[76]	S. R. Kelly, C. Kirk, K. Chan, J. K. Nørskov, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2020, 124, 14581-14591.
[77]	S. C. Perry, D. Pangotra, L. Vieira, L.-I. Csepei, V. Sieber, L. Wang, C. P. León, F. C. Walsh, Nat. Rev. Chem., 2019, 3, 442-458.
[78]	Y. Mo, D. A. Scherson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, E39-E46.
[79]	A. J. J. Jebaraj, N. S. Georgescu, D. A. Scherson, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2016, 120, 16090-16099.
[80]	I. Katsounaros, W. B. Schneider, J. C. Meier, U. Benedikt, P. U. Biedermann, A. Cuesta, A. A. Auerb, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 8058-8068.
[81]	K. Shinozaki, J. W. Zack, R. M. Richards, B. S. Pivovar, S. S. Kocha, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2015, 162, F1144-F1158.
[82]	G. A. Kolyagin, V. L. Kornienko, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 2006, 79, 746-751.
[83]	J. Zhang, H. Zhang, M.-J. Cheng, Q. Lu, Small, 2020, 16, 1902845.
[84]	W. Ye, S. Chen, Y. Lin, L. Yang, S. Chen, X. Zheng, Z. Qi, C. Wang, R. Long, M. Chen, J. Zhu, P. Gao, L. Song, J. Jiang, Y. Xiong, Chem, 2019, 5, 2865-2878.
[85]	J.-C. Dong, M. Su, V. Briega-Martos, L. Li, J.-B. Le, P. Radjenovic, X.-S. Zhou, J. M. Feliu, Z.-Q. Tian, J.-F. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 715-719.
[86]	X. Zhao, Y. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2021, 143, 9423-9428.
[87]	K. A. Severson, P. M. Attia, N. Jin, N. Perkins, B. Jiang, Z. Yang, M. H. Chen, M. Aykol, P. K. Herring, D. Fraggedakis, M. Z. Bazant, S. J. Harris, W. C. Chueh, R. D. Braatz, Nat. Energy, 2019, 4, 383-391.
[88]	X. Zhang, A. Chen, L. Chen, Z. Zhou, Adv. Energy Mater., 2021, 11, 2003841.
[89]	K. Tran, Z. W. Ulissi, Nat. Catal., 2018, 1, 696-703.
[90]	K. Kamiya, R. Kamai, K. Hashimoto, S. Nakanishi, Nat. Commun., 2014, 5, 5040.
[91]	Z. Yang, N. Nakashima, Sci. Rep., 2014, 5, 12236.
[92]	G. Kyriakou, M. B. Boucher, A. D. Jewell, E. A. Lewis, T. J. Lawton, A. E. Baber, H. L. Tierney, M. Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, E. C. H. Sykes, Science, 2012, 335, 1209-1212.
[93]	G. Sun, Z.-J. Zhao, R. Mu, S. Zha, L. Li, S. Chen, K. Zang, J. Luo, Z. Li, S. C. Purdy, A. J. Kropf, J. T. Miller, L. Zeng, J. Gong, Nat. Commun., 2018, 9, 4454.
[94]	M. Ouyang, K. G. Papanikolaou, A. Boubnov, A. S. Hoffman, G. Giannakakis, S. R. Bare, M. Stamatakis, M. Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, E. C. H. Sykes, Nat. Commun., 2021, 12, 1549.