Interfacial-interaction-induced fabrication of biomass-derived porous carbon with enhanced intrinsic active sites

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64031-7

Chinese Journal of Catalysis ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 2231-2239.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64031-7

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Interfacial-interaction-induced fabrication of biomass-derived porous carbon with enhanced intrinsic active sites

Wenjuan Zhang^a, Pei Jing^a, Juan Du^b, Shujie Wu^a, Wenfu Yan^a, Gang Liu^a^,^*()

^aState Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
^bKey Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, Jilin, China

Received:2022-01-13 Accepted:2022-02-05 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-06-20
Contact: Gang Liu
About author:Prof. Gang Liu (College of Chemistry, Jilin University) received his B.A. (2002) and Ph.D. (2007) from College of Chemistry, Jilin University. He joined the same college and was promoted to full professor in 2019. He did postdoctoral research on photocatalysis at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and was a visiting professor at Dalhousie University (Canada). Currently, he is the director of the Department of Physical Chemistry. He has published more than 70 refereed papers and 10 patents, and two patents are being used commercially in industrial processes. He has won some awards, such as Science and Technology Progress Awards of Jilin Province and The Young Talent Award from Tang Auchin Foundation. His current scientific interests are focused on selective catalytic oxidation and energy photocatalysis. He was invited as a young member of the 5th and 6th Editorial Board of Chin. J. Catal.
Supported by:
National Science Foundation of China(22072054);National Science Foundation of China(21972053);Development Project of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20170101171JC);Development Project of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20180201068SF);Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry(202105);Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, China(2020009)

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon catalysis is an attractive metal-free catalytic transformation, and its performance is significantly dependent on the number of accessible active sites. However, owing to the inherent stability of the C-C linkage, only limited active sites at the edge defects of the basal plane can be obtained even after a harsh oxidation treatment. In this study, the concept of interfacial interactions was adopted to propose an efficient strategy to develop highly active carbon catalysts. The alumina/carbon interface formed in situ acted as a cradle for the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups. In the absence of oxidation treatment, the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups and the specific surface area can reach 1.27 mmol·g^-1 and 2340 m²·g^-1, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of carbon prepared by traditional hard template methods. This active carbon shows a significant enhancement in catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of amine to imine, about 22-fold higher than that of a well-known graphite oxide catalyst. Such interfacial interaction strategies are based on sustainable carbon sources and can effectively tune the porous structure of carbon in the micro- and meso-ranges. This conceptual finding offers new opportunities for the development of high-performance carbon-based metal-free catalysts.

Key words: Interfacial interaction, Porous carbon, Biomass, Surface functionality, Imines

Wenjuan Zhang, Pei Jing, Juan Du, Shujie Wu, Wenfu Yan, Gang Liu. Interfacial-interaction-induced fabrication of biomass-derived porous carbon with enhanced intrinsic active sites[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(8): 2231-2239.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64031-7

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I8/2231

Figures/Tables 5

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of Bio-PC.

Fig. 1. (a) TG-DTA curves of Al-salts/starch (b) XRD patterns. (c) 27Al MAS-NMR spectra. Al2O3 was obtained by calcining the alumina/carbon composite in O2 flow. (d) Raman spectra. (e) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and corresponding pore-size distributions (inset). (f) Catalytic activities for the oxidative coupling of amines to imines over different catalysts. Reaction conditions: benzylamine (100 µL), catalyst (25 mg), solvent (toluene, 10 mL), pressure (air, 1 atm), temperature (353 K).

Fig. 2. Surface characterization and catalytic tests of biomass-derived carbon. DRIFT spectra (a), O 1s spectra (b), and C 1s XPS spectra (c) of alumina/carbon and Bio-PC. (d) Amount of surface functional groups (phenolic, carboxylic and lactonic) on Bio-PC-T measured by Boehm titration. (e) Catalytic oxidative coupling of amines to imines over Bio-PC-T. Reaction conditions: benzylamine (100 µL), catalyst (25 mg), solvent (toluene, 10 mL), pressure (air, 1 atm), temperature (80 °C). (f) Relationship between the content of acidic groups and the catalytic performance of Bio-PC-T catalysts.

Fig. 3. Oxidative coupling of various amines to imines over Bio-PC. Reaction conditions: amines (100 µL), catalyst (25 mg), solvent (toluene, 10 mL), pressure (air, 1 atm), temperature (80 °C). Conversion (C) and selectivities (S) were determined by gas chromatography.

Fig. 4. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, corresponding pore-size distributions and TEM images. (a) Bio-PC (2); (b) Bio-PC (3); (c) Bio-PC (6). (Detailed synthesis conditions are shown in Table S6).

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Interfacial-interaction-induced fabrication of biomass-derived porous carbon with enhanced intrinsic active sites

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