催化学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 89: 337-352.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(26)65118-2

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MAPO-18(M = Si或Mg)中烯酮的动态演化和稳定性: CO2制烃反应机理的分子层面见解

陈伟a, Massimo Bocusa, Unni Olsbyeb, Veronique Van Speybroecka,*()   

  1. a根特大学分子模拟中心,兹韦纳尔德,比利时
    b奥斯陆大学SMN材料科学与纳米技术中心化学系,奥斯陆 0371,挪威
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 接受日期:2026-02-22 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: *电子信箱: Veronique.VanSpeybroeck@UGent.be (V. Van Speybroeck).

Dynamic evolution and stability of ketenes in MAPO-18 (M = Si or Mg): Molecular insights into the reaction mechanism for CO2-to-hydrocarbons

Wei Chena, Massimo Bocusa, Unni Olsbyeb, Veronique Van Speybroecka,*()   

  1. aCenter for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
    bDepartment of Chemistry, SMN Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
  • Received:2025-12-12 Accepted:2026-02-22 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: *E-mail:Veronique.VanSpeybroeck@UGent.be(V. Van Speybroeck).

摘要:

AEI拓扑分子筛(MAPO-18)作为OX-ZEO型串联催化剂的组分显示出有前景的性能, 其中骨架原子取代类型决定了布朗斯特酸位点(BAS)的性质, 进而显著影响CO2制烃反应的催化机制. 作为关键中间体的烯酮,其演化行为是阐明该机制的关键. 此外烯酮是甲醇转化为烃类的关键中间体. 本文采用第一性原理分子动力学(FPMD)模拟结合增强采样技术, 在真实反应条件下对三种烯酮(烯酮、甲基烯酮和二甲基烯酮)与MAPO-18(M = Si, Mg)分子筛中BAS的反应提供了分子层面的见解. 由FPMD模拟构建的自由能表面揭示了不同的动力学和热力学性能, 将它们与生产烯烃的不同反应路线联系起来. 相关研究表明, 烯酮及其酰基阳离子是两种不同烯烃形成途径的关键中间体, 与H-MgAPO-18相比, 这三种烯酮在H-SAPO-18中表现出比质子化形式更高的动力学稳定性, 这表明在H-SAPO-18中通过(环)加成-脱羧途径生产烯烃的趋势显著. 相比之下, H-MgAPO-18中酰基阳离子稳定性的提高和烯酮的低质子化势垒有利于它们直接脱羰为烯烃. 表面结合物种显示出从表面乙酸盐到表面丙酸盐再到表面异丁酸盐的稳定性下降, 这与表面醇盐的既定趋势一致. 相比动态模拟, 静态计算难以准确描述真实反应条件下熵贡献和动态效应占主导的活性中间体行为, 这突显了分子动力学(MD)方法对催化反应精确机理建模的必要性. 与高水平随机相近似(RPA)计算的基准测试进一步表明, 密度泛函理论结合FPMD模拟中使用的revPBE-D3泛函可能会高估酰基阳离子的稳定性, 低估乙烯酮的质子化势垒. 这些发现共同强调了将动态模拟与准确的势能描述相结合的重要性, 以用于可靠地模拟受限微孔环境中的活性中间体.

综上, 本文提供了分子筛框架中乙烯酮演化的关键步骤, 将计算和实验见解与二氧化碳转化为烃类的途径联系起来. 这些结果强调了骨架组成和取代基的细微变化如何决定反应机理, 为选择性催化转化的分子筛的合理设计提供了指导.

关键词: 烯酮中间体, CO2制烃, 第一性原理分子动力学, AEI 拓扑, 自由能曲线, 稳定性

Abstract:

This study provides molecular-level insights into the reactions of three ketenes (ketene, methyl ketene, and dimethyl ketene) with the BAS in MAPO-18 (M = Si, Mg) molecular sieves at operando conditions through first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations combined with enhanced sampling techniques. Free energy surfaces constructed from FPMD simulations revealed distinct kinetic and thermodynamic preferences, linking them to different reaction routes for the production of olefins. Prior studies suggested that ketenes and their protonated analogues are key intermediates in two different pathways to olefins formation, and the three ketenes exhibited higher kinetic stability than their protonated forms in H-SAPO-18 compared to H-MgAPO-18, suggesting a high tendency for olefin production via the (cyclo)addition-decarboxylation route in H-SAPO-18. In contrast, the increased stability of the cationic intermediates and low protonation barrier for methyl and dimethyl ketenes in MgAPO-18 favor their direct decarbonylation to olefins. Surface-bound species displayed decreasing stability from surface acetate to surface propionate to surface isobutyrate, aligning with established trends for surface alkoxides. Moreover, a comparison with static calculations demonstrates their limited ability to capture the entropic contributions and dynamic effects that dominate the behavior of active intermediates under realistic reaction conditions, highlighting the necessity of molecular dynamics approaches for accurate mechanistic modeling of catalytic reactions. Benchmarking against high-level random phase approximation calculations further revealed that the revPBE-D3 functional used in the FPMD simulations may overestimate the stability of cationic intermediates but underestimate the protonation barriers of ketene. Together, these findings underscore the importance of combining dynamic simulations with accurate potential energy descriptions to reliably model active intermediates in confined microporous environments. Overall, this study provides key steps of ketene reactivity in zeo-types, bridging computational and experimental insights into CO2-to-hydrocarbon conversion pathways. These results emphasize how subtle variations in the framework composition and substituents dictate the reaction mechanisms, offering guidance for the rational design of molecular sieves tailored for selective catalytic transformations.

Key words: Ketene intermediates, CO2-to-hydrocarbons, First-principles molecular dynamics, AEI topology, Free energy profiles, Stability