超高质量活性的碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒用于高效二氧化碳电还原制甲酸

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64177-9

催化学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 45: 95-106.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64177-9

超高质量活性的碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒用于高效二氧化碳电还原制甲酸

孔艳^a, 蒋兴星^b, 李轩^a, 孙建桔^b, 胡琪^b, 柴晓燕^b, 杨恒攀^b^,^*(), 何传新^b^,^*()

^a中国科学技术大学化学物理系, 安徽合肥230026
^b深圳大学化学与环境工程学院, 广东深圳518060

收稿日期:2022-08-14 接受日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-01-10
通讯作者: 杨恒攀,何传新
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U21A20312);国家自然科学基金(22172099);国家自然科学基金(51902209);广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515010840);深圳市科技计划资助(RCBS20200714114819161);深圳市科技计划资助(JCYJ20190808111801674);深圳市科技计划资助(JCYJ20200109105803806);深圳市科技计划资助(SGDX20201103095802006)

Boosting electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity

Yan Kong^a, Xingxing Jiang^b, Xuan Li^a, Jianju Sun^b, Qi Hu^b, Xiaoyan Chai^b, Hengpan Yang^b^,^*(), Chuanxin He^b^,^*()

^aDepartment of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
^bCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China

Received:2022-08-14 Accepted:2022-09-01 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-01-10
Contact: Hengpan Yang, Chuanxin He
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20312);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172099);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902209);Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515010840);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCBS20200714114819161);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20190808111801674);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20200109105803806);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(SGDX20201103095802006)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 工业化的高速推进和化石燃料的大量消耗, 不仅造成严重的温室效应, 而且加剧了能源危机和环境恶化等问题. 电催化CO₂还原技术可将温室气体CO₂转化为具有经济价值的小分子化合物, 且可以耦合间歇性可再生能源(如太阳能、风能、潮汐能等)产生的电力, 目前已成为实现碳中和目标最有前景的技术途径之一. 然而, 由于CO₂分子化学惰性较强, 需要较高的过电位才能将其活化, 导致其转化效率低. 铋作为一种无毒无害、价格低廉且具有较高析氢过电位的非贵金属材料, 可有效地促进CO₂电还原为甲酸. 但受质量活性、稳定性和产率的限制, 铋基催化剂目前仍难以实现工业化应用.
本文采用静电纺丝技术结合热处理方法制备了碳层封装的超小铋纳米颗粒, 并用于二氧化碳电还原制甲酸. 透射电镜等表征结果表明, 铋纳米颗粒均匀地分散于碳纳米纤维中. 电化学测试结果表明, 在900 °C下煅烧2 h制得的Bi/CNFs-900催化剂具有较好的电还原CO₂为甲酸的性能. 在较宽的电化学窗口内, 甲酸的法拉第效率均在90%以上, 在-1.20 V vs. RHE的电位下实现了-232.2 mA cm^-2的电流密度. 该催化剂表现出较高的质量活性(-1.6 A mg-_Bi^-1)和较高的甲酸产率(29.8 mol h^-1 cm^-2 g^-1), 分别是纯铋颗粒质量活性(-0.23 A mg-_Bi^-1)的7.05倍, 甲酸产率(4.2 mol h^-1 cm^-2 g^-1)的7.07倍.
密度泛函理论计算与原位拉曼光谱结果表明, Bi/CNFs-900能够有效地降低关键中间体*OCHO的吉布斯自由能垒. Bi/CNFs-900具有较好的催化活性和选择性的主要原因为: (1)热解过程中碳纤维对铋纳米颗粒的迁移起到一定限制作用, 使得更多的活性位点得以暴露, 同时大大降低了金属的实际负载量; (2)铋与周围的碳层存在静电相互作用, 可以有效地降低界面电荷的转移电阻, 促进电子的快速转移; (3)碳纤维的限域作用也有效地抑制了催化反应过程中Bi纳米颗粒的聚集, 使Bi/CNFs-900具有良好的稳定性. 综上, 本文制得了碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒, 制备方法简单, 经济可行, 为设计高性能铋基催化剂并实现二氧化碳电还原制甲酸的应用提供借鉴.

关键词: 二氧化碳电还原, 铋纳米颗粒, 碳纳米纤维, 甲酸, 质量活性

Abstract:

Electrochemical CO₂ conversion is one of the most promising technologies to achieve carbon neutrality. However, it still suffers from some nonnegligible challenges on low production rate and unsatisfied current densities for potential large-scale applications. Herein, we prepare ultrasmall Bi nanoparticles uniformly encapsulated in the carbon nanofibers through electrospinning techniques, which is denoted as Bi/CNFs-900. Gratifyingly, this Bi/CNFs-900 catalyst demonstrates excellent performance and stability on CO₂ electro-reduction in a broad potential window. Specifically, it can produce formate with a Faradaic efficiency over 90% and a high partial current density of -235.3 mA cm^-2 at −1.23 V vs. RHE in a flow-cell. Furthermore, the confinement effect of carbon nanofibers largely restricts the severe aggregation of bismuth nanoparticles during synthesis as well as electrolysis procedure, which greatly increases the accessible active sites and decreases the actual mass fraction of bismuth composition. Consequently, Bi/CNFs-900 not only achieves ultrahigh mass activity of -1.6 A mg_Bi^-1, but also possesses an unprecedented formate production rate of 4403.3 μmol h^-1 cm^-2. DFT calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy further uncover the possible reaction mechanism for CO₂ reduction toward formate. These results could provide an economical and industrial-viable strategy for the preparation of electrocatalysts in CO₂ reduction.

Key words: CO₂ electro-reduction, Bismuth nanoparticle, Carbon nanofiber, Formate, Mass activity

孔艳, 蒋兴星, 李轩, 孙建桔, 胡琪, 柴晓燕, 杨恒攀, 何传新. 超高质量活性的碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒用于高效二氧化碳电还原制甲酸[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 45: 95-106.

Yan Kong, Xingxing Jiang, Xuan Li, Jianju Sun, Qi Hu, Xiaoyan Chai, Hengpan Yang, Chuanxin He. Boosting electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 45: 95-106.

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图/表 7

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the preparation for Bi/CNFs samples.

Fig. 2. Low-magnification (a), high-resolution (inset images show the lattice fringes) (b) and high-magnification (c) TEM images of Bi/CNFs-900. (d) Particle size distributions image of Bi/CNFs-900. HAADF-STEM image (e) and the corresponding elemental mapping (Bi, C, N) (f,g,h) of Bi/CNFs-900.

Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of CNFs, Bi/CNFs-900, and Bi BP. (b) Raman spectra. (c) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. (d) Pore size distributions of Bi/CNFs-900, Bi/CNFs-1000, CNFs, and Bi BPs.

Fig. 4. Electrochemical performances of Bi-based catalysts. (a) The LSV curves of Bi/CNFs-900 in N2 and CO2 atmosphere. (b) LSV curves of four samples. Faradaic efficiencies (c), mass activity (d), and yield rate (f) of formate for Bi/CNFs-900 or Bi BPs. (e) Production rate of Bi/CNFs-900 at different potentials. The error bars indicate the standard deviations of three independent experiments.

Fig. 5. Mass activity (a) and FEformate (b) as a function of jformate for Bi-based catalysts compared to other previous studies in the H-cell or Flow-cell. (c) Durability test and FE toward formate during extended measurement of Bi/CNFs-900 at -1.09 V vs. RHE, inset images show TEM and FESEM of Bi/CNFs-900 after durability tests.

Fig. 6. EIS plots (a) and Cdl (b) of Bi/CNFs-900, CNFs, and Bi BPs. (c) Survey XPS spectra of Bi/CNFs-900, Bi/CNFs-1000, Bi BPs, and CNFs. (d) XPS spectra of Bi 4f for Bi/CNFs-900 and Bi BPs.

Fig. 7. (a) Potential-dependent in situ Raman spectra of Bi/CNFs-900 catalyst in CO2-saturated 0.5 mol L-1 KHCO3. (b) Single oxidative LSV scans in N2-saturated 0.1 mol L-1 KOH electrolyte for Bi/CNFs-900, Bi/CNFs-1000, Bi BPs, and CNFs. Gibbs free energy diagrams for CO2RR toward formate (c), and CO2RR toward CO (d).

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超高质量活性的碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒用于高效二氧化碳电还原制甲酸

Boosting electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity

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超高质量活性的碳纳米纤维包覆铋纳米颗粒用于高效二氧化碳电还原制甲酸

Boosting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity

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Boosting electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity