具有稳定性和选择性的乙烷脱氢镍合金催化剂

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60229-9

催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 70: 322-332.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60229-9

具有稳定性和选择性的乙烷脱氢镍合金催化剂

李国民^a^,^b^,^c^,¹, 李腾^a^,¹, 王斌^a, 丁勇^b, 崔新江^a^,^*(), 石峰^a^,^*()

^a中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所, 低碳催化与二氧化碳利用重点实验室, 羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
^b兰州大学化学化工学院, 功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室, 甘肃省先进催化重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000
^c中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-10-17 接受日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-03-18 发布日期:2025-03-20
通讯作者: * 电子信箱: xinjiangcui@licp.cas.cn (崔新江),fshi@licp.cas.cn (石峰).
作者简介:¹共同第一作者.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22372180);国家自然科学基金(U22A20393);甘肃省重点项目(21ZD4WA021);甘肃省重点项目(21JR7RA096);甘肃省重点项目(22ZD6GA003);中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所重点项目(KJZLZD-2)

Identification of stable and selective nickel alloy catalyst for acceptorless dehydrogenation of ethane

Guomin Li^a^,^b^,^c^,¹, Teng Li^a^,¹, Bin Wang^a, Yong Ding^b, Xinjiang Cui^a^,^*(), Feng Shi^a^,^*()

^aState Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
^bState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
^cUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-10-17 Accepted:2024-12-18 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: * E-mail: xinjiangcui@licp.cas.cn (X. Cui),fshi@licp.cas.cn (F. Shi).
About author:¹ Contributed equally to this work.
Supported by:
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(22372180);National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20393);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(21ZD4WA021);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(21JR7RA096);Major Project of Gansu Province, China(22ZD6GA003);Key Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZLZD-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低碳烯烃作为重要的化工原料已经成为现代工业的基石, 长久以来是通过石脑油的催化裂化制备. 随着石油资源的消耗, 低碳烯烃的非石油生产工艺受到广泛关注, 将低碳烷烃直接转化为低碳烯烃为此提供了一条有前景的替代路线. 其中, 乙烷催化脱氢制烯烃(EDH)工艺的传统催化剂为Pt基和Cr基催化剂. 它们或成本高或环境危害大, 而且催化剂需要频繁再生. 因此, 对此类催化剂的优化与替代吸引着众多科研工作者对其深入研究. 与单金属催化剂相比, 双金属催化剂可以通过引入第二金属调节催化剂表面上的底物吸附和产物解吸来优化催化性能. 但是双金属催化剂的工作原理在不同的催化体系中也有不同的见解.

本文在活性氧化铝上制备了Ni基具有不同第二金属(M)和不同Ni/M比的Ni-M双金属催化剂, 用以研究双金属催化剂提升催化性能的作用机理. 在催化EDH反应的性能测试中, Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂活性是Pt/Al₂O₃的5倍以上, 与其对应的单金属和其他双金属催化剂相比, 其催化活性也高出了2-10倍. 通过高角环形暗场扫描透射、X射线吸收近边结构、扩展X射线吸收精细结构和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的组合对Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂及其对应单金属催化剂进行表征, 证实了Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂中形成Ni₃Mo合金, 在Ni₃Mo合金中也观察到了从Mo到Ni的电子转移. 连续3次再生循环后, Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂上的乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性没有明显下降, 表明Ni₃Mo合金纳米颗粒对EDH具有较好的稳定性. 通过原位红外光谱在Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃上观察到金属氢物种(M-H*)和金属乙基物种(M-C₂H₅*)关键中间体. 动力学研究结果表明, Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂在EDH反应中的活化能(111 kJ mol^-1)远低于Ni/Al₂O₃ (157 kJ mol^-1)和Mo/Al₂O₃(171 kJ mol^-1). C₂H₆的程序升温表面反应实验结果表明, 与单金属催化剂相比, Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃对乙烷的活化能力得到了显著提高. 随后, 通过密度泛函理论计算研究了乙烷脱氢的途径及活化机理. 结合XPS表征, 证实了合金中Mo到Ni的电子转移使Ni和Mo的电子态密度发生改变, 正是这种改变导致了乙烷吸附状态的变化, 吸附的几何构型从Ni或Mo上的平行构型转变为Ni₃Mo上的倾斜构型. 吸附构型的改变促进了乙烷的吸附和C-H键的预活化, 从而有利于乙烷在Ni₃Mo表面的脱氢反应.

综上所述, 构建双金属合金仍然是优化EDH反应催化剂的重要且有效的策略. 本文为对理解双金属合金催化剂协同效应的机制提供了新的见解.

关键词: 无受体脱氢, 双金属纳米粒子, 催化剂, 烯烃, 机理

Abstract:

Modifying the electronic density of states and the synergistic effect of the active centers by introducing a second metal present an efficient strategy to tune physi/chemi-sorption, probably lead to improving catalytic performances. Herein, bimetallic Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was demonstrated and exhibited over 5 times more active than Pt/Al₂O₃ toward the ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) as well as 2-10 times activity enhancement compared with their monometallic Ni and Mo counterparts and other Ni-based bimetallic nanoparticles. Kinetic studies revealed that the activation energy over Ni₃Mo/Al₂O₃ (111 kJ mol^-1) was much lower than that of Ni (157 kJ mol^-1) and Mo (171 kJ·mol^-1). DFT calculations showed ethane was adsorbed on the Ni or Mo surface in a more parallel configuration, whereas over Ni₃Mo it adopted an inclined configuration. This change promoted ethane adsorption and pre-activation of the C-H bond, thereby benefiting the ethane dehydrogenation process on the Ni₃Mo surface.

Key words: Acceptorless dehydrogenation, Bimetallic nanoparticle, Catalyst, Olefin, Mechanism

李国民, 李腾, 王斌, 丁勇, 崔新江, 石峰. 具有稳定性和选择性的乙烷脱氢镍合金催化剂[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 70: 322-332.

Guomin Li, Teng Li, Bin Wang, Yong Ding, Xinjiang Cui, Feng Shi. Identification of stable and selective nickel alloy catalyst for acceptorless dehydrogenation of ethane[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 70: 322-332.

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图/表 8

Fig. 1. High-magnification TEM image of the Ni3Mo, Ni and Mo NPs on the Al2O3 support and Intensity profile recorded from the area indicated by the yellow rectangular box in panel: (a,b) Ni3Mo/Al2O3; (c,d) Ni/Al2O3; (e,f) Mo/Al2O3. (g) The HAADF-STEM imaging of Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. (h) EDS line scan analysis of intensity profiles of Ni (K) and Mo (L) components in the Ni3Mo/Al2O3 (along the red line in g). (i) EDS mapping of the Ni3Mo/Al2O3 shown in g, with the signals attributed to the different elements shown as Ni, Mo and Al.

Fig. 2. Characterizations of catalysts. Normalized XANES spectra of Ni (a) and Mo (b) for Ni3Mo/Al2O3-fresh, Ni3Mo/Al2O3-used, Ni/Al2O3-fresh and Mo/Al2O3-fresh. (c) Fourier transforms of k3-weighted EXAFS of Ni K-edge for Ni2O3, Ni foil and Ni3Mo/Al2O3-used, respectively. (d) Fourier transforms of k3-weighted EXAFS of Mo K-edge for MoO3, Mo foil and Ni3Mo/Al2O3-used. (e) Ni 2p XPS spectra of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalysts before reaction. (f) Mo 3d XPS spectra of Mo/Al2O3 and Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalysts before reaction.

Fig. 3. (a) Initial ethylene selectivity versus ethane conversion for Ni-M/Al2O3 catalysts in the ethane dehydrogenation reaction at 600 °C. (b) Ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity with Ni/Al2O3, Mo/Al2O3 and Ni3Mo/Al2O3. (c) Effect of the ratio of Ni to Mo on the EDH. (d) Effect of calcinating temperature on ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity. (e) The formation rate of ethylene over Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalyst at different space velocities at 600 °C (active metal surface area: 0.148 m2 g-1). (f) Effect of the supports on the EDH. Reaction temperature: 600 °C, 1 atm, 8% H2, 20% C2H6/Ar, 0.5 g catalyst, reaction time: 10 min.

Fig. 4. (a) Catalytic performance of Ni3Mo/Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3 and PtSn/Al2O3 catalysts at 600 °C. (b) Recycling performance of Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalyst in catalytic EDH. In situ FTIR spectra of ethane adsorption and reaction on Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalyst at 550 °C: the adsorption of ethane (c) and ethane (d).

Fig. 5. (a) Flow rate test: The trend of ethane conversion with reaction flow rate. (Ni3Mo/Al2O3, Reaction temperature: 600 °C, WHSV = 13.66 h-1). (b) Particle size test: The trend of ethane conversion with catalyst particle size. (No limitation from interphase diffusion in a, mcat.: 0.2 g). (c) Arrhenius plots for the activation energies (Ea) of the EDH reaction on Ni/Al2O3, Mo/Al2O3 and Ni3Mo/Al2O3 catalysts. C2H6-TPSR profiles on Ni/Al2O3 (d), Mo/Al2O3 (e) and Ni3Mo/Al2O3 (f) catalysts.

Table 1 Ethane conversion of Ni3Mo/Al2O3 in kinetic experiments.

Reaction temperature (K)	Equilibrium conversion^a (%)	Equilibrium constant K (10^-2)^a	Experimental conversion (%)	Reaction quotient Q (10^-3)	Frac. Appr. to Equil. ^b (%)
853	14.46	1.79	2.10	1.81	10.11
863	17.02	2.26	2.56	2.24	9.91
873	19.83	2.85	3.12	2.78	9.75
883	22.86	3.56	3.74	3.40	9.55
893	26.10	4.44	4.16	3.83	8.63

Fig. 6. Adsorption structures and the charge density differences (isovalue of ±0.0006 electron ??3) of ethane on Ni (111) (a,d,g), Mo (110) (b,e,h) and Ni3Mo (100) (c,f,i) surfaces. ∠A is the angle of C?C bond with respect to surface plane.

Fig. 7. Energy profiles of ethane dehydrogenation on Ni(111) (a), Mo(110) (b) and Ni3Mo(100) (c) surfaces. (d) Comparison of the apparent barrier of ethane dehydrogenation. (e) The energy difference between desorption energy and energy barrier for further dehydrogenation of ethylene on Ni(111), Mo(110) and Ni3Mo(100) surfaces.

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具有稳定性和选择性的乙烷脱氢镍合金催化剂

Identification of stable and selective nickel alloy catalyst for acceptorless dehydrogenation of ethane

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