尺寸依赖的金属载体相互作用调控Pt/CoFe2O4催化反应性能

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60208-1

催化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 69: 292-302.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(24)60208-1

尺寸依赖的金属载体相互作用调控Pt/CoFe₂O₄催化反应性能

李阳阳^a^,^b, 杨静怡^c^,^*(), 乔波涛^a^,^d^,^*(), 张涛^b^,^d

^a中国科学院大连化学物理研究所, 中国科学院应用催化科学技术重点实验室, 辽宁大连116023, 中国
^b中国科学院大学, 北京100049, 中国
^c德国马普学会弗里茨·哈伯研究所, 柏林, 德国
^d中国科学院大连化学物理研究所, 催化基础国家重点实验室, 辽宁大连116023, 中国

收稿日期:2024-10-14 接受日期:2024-12-11 出版日期:2025-02-18 发布日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: *电子信箱: jyang@fhi-berlin.mpg.de (杨静怡), bqiao@dicp.ac.cn (乔波涛).
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1500503);国家自然科学基金单原子催化基础研究中心(22388102);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U23A20110)

Size-dependent strong metal-support interaction modulation of Pt/CoFe₂O₄ catalysts

Yangyang Li^a^,^b, Jingyi Yang^c^,^*(), Botao Qiao^a^,^d^,^*(), Tao Zhang^b^,^d

^aCAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
^bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^cFritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
^dState Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China

Received:2024-10-14 Accepted:2024-12-11 Online:2025-02-18 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: *E-mail: jyang@fhi-berlin.mpg.de (J. Yang); bqiao@dicp.ac.cn (B. Qiao).
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1500503);National Nature Science Foundation of China(22388102);Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20110)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

负载型金属催化剂是应用最为广泛的多相催化剂之一, 在现代化学工业中起着举足轻重的作用. 依据被负载金属的尺寸, 负载型金属催化剂可大致划分为三类: (1)纳米催化剂(NPCs), 其金属尺寸范围从几纳米至数百纳米; (2)单原子催化剂(SACs), 这是一类新兴催化剂, 其特点是金属以单个原子形式分散在载体表面; (3)准单原子催化剂(pseudo-SACs), 金属中心的尺寸介于单原子和纳米颗粒之间, 一般由数个至数十个原子组成, 通常以单层形式分散于载体表面, 也被称为“原子级分散催化剂(ADCs)”或“全暴露的团簇催化剂(FECC)”. 一方面, Pseudo-SACs具有SACs的高原子利用率的优点; 另一方面, pseudo-SACs的活性位点由多个原子组成, 使其更适用于需要多原子协同的复杂反应, 因而是SACs和传统NPCs的有益补充.

众所周知, 金属-载体相互作用(MSI)在决定负载型金属催化剂的催化性能方面起着非常重要的作用, 不仅影响负载金属颗粒的分散度和稳定性, 还能影响金属原子的电子结构, 从而调控其催化活性和选择性. 理论上, MSI影响对SACs和pseudo-SACs尤为关键. 这是因为在NPCs中, 活性位点大多为远离金属-载体界面的配位不饱和原子(如金属表面、台阶和扭结处), 而MSI则主要作用于界面处的金属原子, 并且颗粒中大量的体相原子进一步削弱了MSI中电子转移对表面原子的影响, 因而MSI有时对NPCs的催化性能的影响并不显著. 相反, 在SACs和pseudo-SACs中, 所有金属原子都直接分散于载体表面并与其相互作用, 导致MSI对其影响更为直接和关键. 这意味着, SACs和pseudo-SACs中金属对MSI的变化应该更加敏感; 相应地, MSI的调变对SACs和pseudo-SACs的影响应该要比对NPCs更为显著. 然而, 必须指出的是, 尽管这种推论在理论上具有合理性, 但据我们所知, 迄今为止尚未有系统的实验研究对此进行验证.

在本文的研究中, 我们设计合成了Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄ pseudo-SACs和Pt_NP/CoFe₂O₄ NPCs并且对其进行简单的水处理以调变Pt与CoFe₂O₄载体之间的强共价金属-载体相互作用(CMSI). 在甲烷燃烧反应中, 水洗后的Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄-w的催化活性得到显著提升, 而水洗后的Pt_NP/CoFe₂O₄-w活性没有明显改变. 原位漫反射傅里叶变换(CO-DRIFTS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原反应(H₂-TPR)等实验表明, 水洗后的Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄-w催化剂的电子结构得到明显的改变, Pt pseudo-SACs和CoFe₂O₄之间的相互作用减弱, 具体表现为: Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄-w对CO的吸附能力增强, Pt物种的还原温度降低. 相比之下, 水洗后Pt_NP/CoFe₂O₄-w催化剂的电子性质没有明显改变, 因此, MSI对催化剂性能的调控具有尺寸依赖性, 其对SACs和pseudo-SACs的电子结构的影响更为显著. ¹⁸O₂同位素标记实验进一步验证了Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄表面反应主要遵循氧化还原(Mvk)机理; 而在Pt_NP/CoFe₂O₄表面, 反应以L-H机理为主导; 水处理不改变甲烷燃烧在催化剂表面的反应机理. 最后, 甲烷表面燃烧反应(CH₄-TPSR)和CO氧化反应实验结果表明, 水处理策略可以促进晶格氧的活化, 进而促进了Mvk反应过程, 使得Pt_n/CoFe₂O₄催化活性得到极大地提升.

综上, 本文证明了在Pt/CoFe₂O₄体系中MSI对催化性能的调控存在尺寸依赖性, 深化了对Pt/CoFe₂O₄催化甲烷燃烧反应机理和活性提升本质的理解, 更为调控SACs和pseudo-SACs的催化性能提供了新视角和新策略.

关键词: 金属载体强相互作用, 单原子催化剂, 准单原子催化剂, 尺寸依赖, 钴铁尖晶石负载铂催化剂

Abstract:

Supported metal catalysts are the backbone of heterogeneous catalysis, playing a crucial role in the modern chemical industry. Metal-support interactions (MSIs) are known important in determining the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts. This is particularly true for single-atom catalysts (SACs) and pseudo-single-atom catalysts (pseudo-SACs), where all metal atoms are dispersed on, and interact directly with the support. Consequently, the MSI of SACs and pseudo-SACs are theoretically more sensitive to modulation compared to that of traditional nanoparticle catalysts. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated this hypothesis by an observed size-dependent MSI modulation. We fabricated CoFe₂O₄ supported Pt pseudo-SACs and nanoparticle catalysts, followed by a straightforward water treatment process. It was found that the covalent strong metal-support interaction (CMSI) in pseudo-SACs can be weakened, leading to a significant activity improvement in methane combustion reaction. This finding aligns with our recent observation of CoFe₂O₄ supported Pt SACs. By contrast, the MSI in Pt nanoparticle catalyst was barely affected by the water treatment, giving rise to almost unchanged catalytic performance. This work highlights the critical role of metal size in determining the MSI modulation, offering a novel strategy for tuning the catalytic performance of SACs and pseudo-SACs by fine-tuning their MSIs.

Key words: Strong metal-support interaction, Single-atom catalyst, Pseudo-single-atom catalyst, Size dependence, Pt/CoFe₂O₄ catalyst

李阳阳, 杨静怡, 乔波涛, 张涛. 尺寸依赖的金属载体相互作用调控Pt/CoFe₂O₄催化反应性能[J]. 催化学报, 2025, 69: 292-302.

Yangyang Li, Jingyi Yang, Botao Qiao, Tao Zhang. Size-dependent strong metal-support interaction modulation of Pt/CoFe₂O₄ catalysts[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 69: 292-302.

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图/表 7

Fig. 1. (a,c) The AC-HAADF-STEM images of Ptn/CoFe2O4 and Ptn/CoFe2O4-w; (b,d) The size distribution of Ptn/CoFe2O4 and Ptn/CoFe2O4-w; (e,g) The TEM images of PtNP/CoFe2O4 and PtNP/CoFe2O4-w; (f,h) The size distribution of PtNP/CoFe2O4 and PtNP/CoFe2O4-w.

Fig. 2. (a,b) The CO-DRIFT spectra of Ptn/CoFe2O4 and PtNP/CoFe2O4 catalysts before and after water treatment. (c,d) The low temperature CO-DRIFT spectra of Ptn/CoFe2O4 and Ptn/CoFe2O4-w.

Fig. 3. The H2-TPR profile of CoFe2O4 (a), Ptn/CoFe2O4 (b), and PtNP/CoFe2O4 (c) before and after water treatment.

Fig. 4. The Pt 4f XPS spectra of Ptn/CoFe2O4 (a) and PtNP/CoFe2O4 (b) before and after water treatment.

Fig. 5. (a) Catalytic activity of methane combustion over Ptn/CoFe2O4 and PtNP/CoFe2O4 before and after water treatment. (b) The CH4-TPSR over Ptn/CoFe2O4 and Ptn/CoFe2O4-w. (c) CO oxidation of Ptn/CoFe2O4 and Ptn/CoFe2O4-w.

Fig. 6. (a) CH4 conversion profile of stability test of Ptn/CoFe2O4-w at 350 °C with water soak treatment. (b) The stability test of Ptn/CoFe2O4 at 350 °C with or without 2 vol% or 10 vol% steam. The reaction conditions: 0.5 vol%CH4, 20 vol%O2, and balanced with N2, GHSV = 39600 mL/(gcat·h).

Fig. 7. The 18O2 isotope labeling experiments of Ptn/CoFe2O4 (a) and PtNP/CoFe2O4 (b) before and after water treatment. The reaction conditions: 0.5 vol% CH4, 20 vol% 18O2/16O2, and He balanced, GHSV = 36000 mL/(gcat·h).

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尺寸依赖的金属载体相互作用调控Pt/CoFe₂O₄催化反应性能

Size-dependent strong metal-support interaction modulation of Pt/CoFe₂O₄ catalysts

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