Rational design and synthesis of one-dimensional platinum-based nanostructures for oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63862-7

Abstract

Abstract:

Fuel cells have attracted extensive attention due to their high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, their wider application is limited by the poor activity and high cost of platinum (Pt), which is widely used as the cathode catalyst to overcome the slow kinetics associated with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Pt-based composites with one-dimensional (1D) nanoarchitectures demonstrate great advantages towards efficient ORR catalysis. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of 1D Pt-based ORR catalysts. After introducing the fundamental ORR mechanism and the advanced 1D architectures, their synthesis strategies (template-based and template-free methods) are discoursed. Subsequently, their morphology and structure optimization are highlighted, followed by the superstructure assembly using 1D Pt-based blocks. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on the synthesis innovation, structure design, physical characterization, and theoretical investigations are proposed for 1D Pt-based ORR nanocatalysts. We anticipate this study will inspire more research endeavors on efficient ORR nanocatalysts in fuel cell application.

Key words: Fuel cells, Oxygen reduction reaction, Electrocatalyst, Pt alloy, One-dimensional

Huiting Niu, Chenfeng Xia, Lei Huang, Shahid Zaman, Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Wei Guo, Bo You, Bao Yu Xia. Rational design and synthesis of one-dimensional platinum-based nanostructures for oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(6): 1459-1472.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63862-7

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I6/1459

Figures/Tables 10

Scheme 1. Synthesis and application of 1D Pt-based catalysts toward ORR.

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic ORR mechanism; (b) ORR activity vs. oxygen binding energy. (b) Adapted with permission from [38]. Copyright 2004, American Chemical Society. (c) Oxygenate adsorption on different PtM alloys. (c) Adapted with permission from [42]. Copyright 2009, Springer Nature.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagrams of hard-template (a) and soft-template (b) methods for preparing 1D Pt nanostructures. (a) Adapted with permission from [55]. Copyright 2008, Elsevier B.V. Adapted with permission from [58]. Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH. (b) Adapted with permission from [64]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. Adapted with permission from [69]. Copyright 2015, Wiley-VCH. Adapted with permission from [63]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier B.V. Adapted with permission from [70]. Copyright 2004, Wiley-VCH.

Fig. 3. SEM images of Pt gauzes (a) and Pt nanowires on Pt gauzes (b). (a,b) Adapted with permission from [75]. Copyright 2008, American Chemical Society. TEM images (c,d) and durability result (e) of PtFe nanowires. (c?e) Adapted with permission from [80]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of tip growth; (b?d) TEM images of Pt nanowires obtained with different reaction durations. (b?d) Adapted with permission from [28]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. (e?h) TEM observations of a short Pt3Fe nanorod growth. (e?h) Adapted with permission from [83]. Copyright 2012, AAAS.

Fig. 5. HRTEM image (a) and catalytic activity (b) of jagged Pt nanowires. (a,b) Adapted with permission from [91]. Copyright 2016, AAAS. SEM image (c) and durability result (d) of Pt nanotubes, Pt-black and Pt/C. (c,d) Adapted with permission from [59]. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH. (e) TEM image of Pt nanowire membrane, inset is optical image. (f) Stability result of Pt nanowire membrane, Pt-black and Pt/C. (e,f) Adapted with permission from [30]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH. (g) TEM image of the meso-structured Pt network, inset is model structure; (h) ORR polarization curves of meso-structured Pt network before and after the durability test. (g,h) Adapted with permission from [98]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 6. HAADF-STEM image (a), EDS mapping (b) and stability result (c) of PtGa nanowires. (a?c) Adapted with permission from [108]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. HRTEM image (d), STEM-EELS line scan (e) and ORR activity (f) of FePtCu nanorods. (d?f) Adapted with permission from [71]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. TEM image (g), STEM-ADF image, EDS mapping (h) and durability test (i) of Pt3Co nanowires. (g?i) Adapted with permission from [103]. Copyright 2016, Springer Nature.

Fig. 7. SEM images (a) and stability test (b) of mesoporous PtCo nanotubes. (a,b) Adapted with permission from [119]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. TEM images (c), electrochemical activity (d), durability test (e) and single cell polarization plots (f) of bunched PtNi nanocage and other catalysts. (c?f) Adapted with permission from [120]. Copyright 2019, AAAS.

Table 1 ORR activity of recent reported 1D Pt-based catalysts at half-cell level.

Catalyst	Specific activity at 0.9 V (mA cm^-2)	Mass activity at 0.9 V (A mg^-1)	Ref.
Pt-skin zigzag-like PtFe nanowire	4.34	2.11	[23]
Pt nanowire	3.90	0.126	[50]
1D PtNi nanowire	9.2	4.15	[69]
2.5 nm PtFe nanowire	1.53	0.844	[73]
Twisty PtFe nanowire	3.49	2.87	[80]
Jagged Pt nanowire	11.5	13.6	[91]
PtCu nanotube	2.57	—	[93]
Pt coated Pd nanotube	—	1.8	[94]
Nanoporous Pt₆Ni alloy	1.23	0.65	[95]
PtCuCoNi 3D nanoporous alloy	1.64 ^a	0.72^a	[97]
Nanoporous Pt-Fe nanowire	0.383	0.091	[102]
Hierarchical PtCo nanowire	7.12	3.71	[103]
1nm-thick PtNi nanowire	0.647	0.546	[104]
PtNiAu nanowire	2.59	0.651	[105]
PtGa ultrathin nanowire	4.31	1.89	[108]
Subnano PtNiCo nanowire	5.11	4.20	[111]
PtNiPd core-shell nanowire	3.48	1.93	[112]
PtCo mesoporous nanotube	0.99	—	[119]
Bunched Pt-Ni nanocage	5.16	3.52	[120]

Scheme 2. Summary and perspective for 1D Pt-based nanostructures in ORR electrocatalysis.

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