High-quality and deeply excavated PtPdNi nanocubes as efficient catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63703-2

Abstract

Abstract:

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell requires the use of a catalyst based on Pt, one of the most expensive metals on the earth. A number of strategies, including optimization of a different metal into the core, have been investigated to enhance the activity of a Pt-based catalyst and thus reduce the loading of Pt. By dedicating to compounding high catalytic activity Pt_2.7Pd_0.3Ni concave cubic with high index crystal face, the paper shows that concave structures can offer more active site and high level of catalytic activity and if mixed with other metal, decrease the proportion of Pt and improve its mass activity. The paper also makes an exploration into the theory and conditions behind the formation of Pt_2.7Pd_0.3Ni concave cubic structure, and investigates the difference it demonstrates by modifying the reactive conditions. The results of the oxygen reduction performance of the electrochemical test are as follows: the concave cube-shaped Pt-Pd-Ni catalyst has a mass activity of 1.28 A mg_Pt^-1 at 0.9 V, its highest mass activity is 8.20 times that of commercial Pt/C, and its specific activity is 8.68 times of that commercial Pt/C. And the Pt-Pd-Ni ternary nanocage has excellent structural invariance. After the stability test, there is no obvious structural change and performance degradation in the nanostructure.

Key words: Oxygen reduction reaction, Polymer electrolyte fuel cells, Concave cubic structure, Electrochemical catalyst

Yanjie Li, Rifeng Wu, Yang Liu, Ying Wen, Pei Kang Shen. High-quality and deeply excavated PtPdNi nanocubes as efficient catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2021, 42(5): 772-780.

×
share this article

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63703-2

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2021/V42/I5/772

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. TEM (a) and HAADF-STEM (b) images of Pt2.7Pd0.3Ni DENCs; (c1, c2, c3) TEM images and schematic models of individual Pt2.7Pd0.3Ni DENCs; (d) HRTEM image taken from the red region boxed in (c1); (e) Enlarged HRTEM image taken from the edge of an individual Pt2.7Pd0.3Ni DENC and illustration of the atomic arrangement; (f) Corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern of the Pt2.7Pd0.3Ni DENC shown in (c1).

Fig. 2. (a) HAADF-STEM images and corresponding EDX mapping images of individual Pt-Pd-Ni DENC; (b) Line-scanning profiles for Pt, Pd and Ni recorded across the red line shown in the inset; EDX spectrum (c) and XRD patterns (d) of the Pt-Pd-Ni DENCs.

Fig. 3. TEM images of the gold products obtained after a reaction time of 5 min (a,a-1), 60 min (b,b-1), and TEM images of the Pt-Pd-Ni with different morphology controlled by tuning the feeding amounts of DMF and OAM (c,c-1) 1 mL DMF and 9 mL OAM resulting in the formation of Pt-Pd-Ni alloy hyperbranched nanostructures, (d,d-1) 3 mL DMF and 7 mL OAM resulting in the formation of concave cubic structure.

Fig. 4. (a) Cyclic voltammograms of Pt-Pd-Ni concaves, Pt-Ni concaves, Pt concaves and TKK-Pt/C catalyst recorded at 50 mV s-1; (b) ORR polarization curves of these catalysts recorded at 10 mV s-1; (c) Mass activities of different catalysts measured at 0.9 V versus RHE; (d) Specific activities of different catalysts measured at 0.9 V versus RHE.

Fig. 5. (a) CV curves for the Pt/C before and after 10,000 CV potential cycles; (b) ORR polarization curves of the Pt-Pd-Ni concaves and TKK-Pt/C catalyst before and after 10,000 potential cycles.

References

[1]	M. Z. Jacobson, W. G. Colella, D. M. Golden, Science, 2005,308, 1901-1905.
[2]	L. Zhang, K. Doyle-Davis, X. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci., 2019,12, 492-517.
[3]	X. Huang, Z. Zhao, L. Cao, Y. Chen, E. Zhu, Z. Lin, M. Li, A. Yan, A. Zettl, Y. M. Wang, X. Duan, T. Mueller, Y. Huang, Science, 2015,348, 1230-1234.
[4]	N. Tian, Z.-Y. Zhou, S.-G. Sun, Y. Ding, Z. L. Wang, Science, 2007,316, 732-735.
[5]	B. Lim, M. Jiang, P. H. Camargo, E. C. Cho, J. Tao, X. Lu, Y. Zhu, Y. Xia, Science, 2009,324, 1302-1305.
[6]	L. Zhang, L. T. Roling, X. Wang, M. Vara, M. Chi, J. Liu, S.-I. Choi, J. Park, J. A. Herron, Z. Xie, M. Mavrikakis, Y. Xia, Science, 2015,349, 412-416.
[7]	C. Chen, Y. Kang, Z. Huo, Z. Zhu, W. Huang, H. L. Xin, J. D. Snyder, D. Li, J. A. Herron, M. Mavrikakis, M. Chi, K. L. More, Y. Li, N. M. Markovic, G. A. Somorjai, P. Yang, V. R. Stamenkovic, Science, 2014,343, 1339-1343.
[8]	M. Li, Z. Zhao, T. Cheng, A. Fortunelli, C.-Y. Chen, R. Yu, Q. Zhang, L. Gu, B. V. Merinov, Z. Lin, E. Zhu, T. Yu, Q. Jia, J. Guo, L. Zhang, W. A. III Goddard, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Science, 2016,354, 1414-1419.
[9]	L. Bu, N. Zhang, S. Guo, X. Zhang, J. Li, J. Yao, T. Wu, G. Lu, J.-Y. Ma, D. Su, X. Huang, Science, 2016,354, 1410-1414.
[10]	Y. Wu, D. Wang, Z. Niu, P. Chen, G. Zhou, Y. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012,51, 12524-12528.
[11]	B. Y. Xia, H. B. Wu, N. Li, Y. Yan, X. W. D Lou, X. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015,127, 3868-3872.
[12]	F. Saleem, Z. Zhang, B. Xu, X. Xu, P. He, X. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013,135, 18304-18307.
[13]	X. Sun, K. Jiang, N. Zhang, S. Guo, X. Huang, ACS Nano, 2015,9, 7634-7640.
[14]	X. Yu, D. Wang, Q. Peng, Y. Li, Chem. Commun., 2011,47, 8094-8096.
[15]	Z. Quan, Y. Wang, J. Fang, Acc. Chem. Res., 2012,46, 191-202.
[16]	T. Yu, D. Y. Kim, H. Zhang, Y. Xia, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011,50, 2773-2777.
[17]	Z. Niu, D. Wang, R. Yu, Q. Peng, Y. Li, Chem. Sci., 2012,3, 1925-1929.
[18]	A. X. Yin, X. Q. Min, W. Zhu, W. C. Liu, Y. W. Zhang, C. H. Yan, Chem. Eur. J., 2012,18, 777-782.
[19]	X. Xu, X. Zhang, H. Sun, Y. Yang, X. Dai, J. Gao, X. Li, P. Zhang, H.-H. Wang, N.-F. Yu, S.-G. Sun, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2014,53, 12522-12527.
[20]	J. P. Lai, Y. G. Chao, P. Zhou, Y. Yang, Y. L. Zhang, W. L. Yang, D. Wu, J. R. Feng, S. J. Guo, Electrochem. Energy Rev., 2018,1, 531-547.
[21]	Y. Yu, W. Yang, X. Sun, W. Zhu, X. Z. Li, D. J. Sellmyer, S. Sun, Nano Lett., 2014,14, 2778-2782.
[22]	M. Chen, J. Kim, J. P. Liu, H. Fan, S. Sun, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006,128, 7132-7133.
[23]	L. Zheng, X. Yu, M. Long, Q. Li, Chin. J. Catal., 2017,38, 2076-2084.
[24]	V. R. Stamenkovic, B. Fowler, B. S. Mun, G. Wang, P. N. Ross, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Marković, Science, 2007,315, 493-497.
[25]	J. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Fang, S. Zou, Nano Lett., 2010,10, 638-644.
[26]	Y. Wu, S. Cai, D. Wang, W. He, Y. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012,134, 8975-8981.
[27]	C. Luan, Q. X. Zhou, Y. Wang, Y. Xiao, X. Dai, X. L. Huang, X. Zhang, Small, 2017,13, 1702617.
[28]	Q. Chen, Y. Yang, Z. Cao, Q. Kuang, G. Du, Y. Jiang, Z. Xie, L. Zheng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016,55, 9021-9025.
[29]	H. Yang, J. Zhang, K. Sun, S. Zou, J. Fang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010,49, 6848-6851.
[30]	F. Saleem, B. Ni, Y. Yong, L. Gu, X. Wang, Small, 2016,12, 5261-5268.
[31]	L. Gan, C. Cui, M. Heggen, F. Dionigi, S. Rudi, P. Strasser, Science, 2014,346, 1502-1506.
[32]	C. Cui, L. Gan, M. Heggen, S. Rudi, P. Strasser, Nat. Mater., 2013,12, 765-771.
[33]	M. K. Carpenter, T. E. Moylan, R. S. Kukreja, M. H. Atwan, M. M. Tessema, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012,134, 8535-8542.
[34]	S. Bai, C. Wang, W. Jiang, N. Du, J. Li, J. Du, R. Long, Z. Li, Y. Xiong, Nano Res., 2015,8, 2789-2799.
[35]	Y. Qi, T. Bian, S.-I. Choi, Y. Jiang, C. Jin, M. Fu, H. Zhang, D. Yang, Chem. Commun., 2014,50, 560-562.
[36]	V. Beermann, M. Gocyla, E. Willinger, S. Rudi, M. Heggen, R. E Dunin-Borkowski, M.-G. Willinger, P. Strasser, Nano Lett., 2016,16, 1719-1725.
[37]	J. Zhang, K. Sasaki, E. Sutter, R. Adzic, Science, 2007,315, 220-222.